Advection-Driven Warming Trend in the Western Indian Ocean

Advection-Driven Warming Trend in the Western Indian Ocean | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 21 April 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Advection-Driven Warming Trend in the Western Indian Ocean Authors : Ligin Joseph 0000-0001-6637-0475 [email protected] , Dipanjan Dey , Nikolaos Skliris , Alejandra Sanchez-Franks 0000-0002-4831-5461 , Robert Marsh , Joel Jean-Marie Hirschi 0000-0003-1481-3697 , and Sreevathsa Golla 0000-0003-4084-9677 Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174526317.71272890/v1 303 views 124 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract The ocean has absorbed over 90% of the excess heat trapped in the Earth system due to rising greenhouse gas emissions, with upper layers playing a crucial role. This study finds that 35% of the total ocean heat content in the western Indian Ocean is stored within the upper 300 meters. From 2000 to 2023, this layer shows a significant warming trend of 0.90 GJ/m^2 over 24 years, making it the only tropical ocean basin with such a persistent rise. In contrast, the net surface heat flux into the ocean shows a declining trend of -11.53 W/m^2 over 24 years, suggesting that direct atmospheric forcing is not the primary driver. Instead, seasonal ocean dynamics explain nearly 87% of the observed increase in ocean heat content and surface heat loss. During the winter monsoon, enhanced westward heat transport from the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean, driven by strengthened northeast monsoon currents, leads to heat accumulation in the western Indian Ocean. In the summer monsoon, the Great Whirl, a large anticyclonic eddy, plays a central role. Although northward heat transport associated with the Great Whirl has weakened, the southward transport has declined more sharply, resulting in net heat gain. Additionally, a northward shift in monsoon winds displaces the Great Whirl closer to the Socotra Islands, altering upwelling patterns and further redistributing heat. These findings underscore the dominant role of ocean circulation in driving long-term upper-ocean warming in the western Indian Ocean, contrasting with the expected influence of surface heat fluxes. Supplementary Material File (1031563_0_merged_1744885850.pdf) Download 27.68 MB File (jgr__oceans_si.pdf) Download 17.31 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 21 April 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords advection arabian sea great whirl indian ocean warming monsoon ocean heat content Authors Affiliations Ligin Joseph 0000-0001-6637-0475 [email protected] School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton View all articles by this author Dipanjan Dey School of Earth, Ocean and Climate Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar View all articles by this author Nikolaos Skliris School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton View all articles by this author Alejandra Sanchez-Franks 0000-0002-4831-5461 National Oceanography Centre View all articles by this author Robert Marsh University of Southampton View all articles by this author Joel Jean-Marie Hirschi 0000-0003-1481-3697 National Oceanography Centre View all articles by this author Sreevathsa Golla 0000-0003-4084-9677 School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 303 views 124 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Ligin Joseph, Dipanjan Dey, Nikolaos Skliris, et al. Advection-Driven Warming Trend in the Western Indian Ocean. Authorea . 21 April 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174526317.71272890/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. Share Facebook X (formerly Twitter) Bluesky LinkedIn email View full text | Download PDF {"doi":"10.22541/au.174526317.71272890/v1","type":"Article"} Now Reading: Share Figures Tables Close figure viewer Back to article Figure title goes here Change zoom level Go to figure location within the article Download figure Toggle share panel Toggle share panel Share Toggle information panel Toggle information panel Go to previous graphic Go to next graphic Go to previous table Go to next table All figures All tables View all material View all material xrefBack.goTo xrefBack.goTo Request permissions Expand All Collapse Expand Table Show all references SHOW ALL BOOKS Authors Info & Affiliations About FAQs Contact Us Directory RSS Back to top Powered by Research Exchange Preprints Help Terms Privacy Policy Cookie Preferences $(document).ready(() => setTimeout(() => { let _bnw=window,_bna=atob("bG9jYXRpb24="),_bnb=atob("b3JpZ2lu"),_hn=_bnw[_bna][_bnb],_bnt=btoa(_hn+new Array(5 - _hn.length % 4).join(" ")); $.get("/resource/lodash?t="+_bnt); },4000)); (function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a027646108da1640',t:'MTc3OTkwOTc4NQ=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();