Melanoleuca monticola and M. romanensis, two new European species of Melanoleuca, and comments to M. graminicola group

Melanoleuca monticola and M. romanensis, two new European species of Melanoleuca, and comments to M. graminicola group | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Melanoleuca monticola and M. romanensis, two new European species of Melanoleuca, and comments to M. graminicola group Vladimír Antonín, Ondrej Ďuriška, Soňa Jančovičová, Tomáš Kudláček, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2404494/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Melanoleuca is one of the taxonomically most complicated genera of Agaricomycetes. The aim of this study is taxonomic revision of European specimens confused with M. angelesiana A.H. Sm. and delimitation of four species, M. brachyspora Harmaja, M. graminicola (Velen.) Kühner & Maire, M. rufipes Bon and M. stridula (Fr.) Singer. The research is based on macro- and micromorphological characters and the multigene phylogenetic analyses of a combined (ITS, rpb2, and tef1) dataset. According to the result, the two new species are proposed – M. monticola sp. nov. which accomodates European specimens previously confused with American species M. angelesiana and M. romanensis sp. nov. from Italy. Moreover, American specimens identified as M. angelesiana belongs to three different phylogenetic species ( M. angelesiana sensu typi, M. acystidiata aff. and one more separate lineage). M. graminicola is emended and the respective epitype designated. An identification key of the European species of subg. Urticocystis is provided. Agaricomycetes subg. Urticocystis ITS rpb2 tef1 systematics Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Highlights Description of two new species of the agaricoid genus Melanoleuca from Europe. Multigene analysis based on a combined three genes dataset. A key to the identification of the European species of Melanoleuca , subg. Urticocystis . Introduction Melanoleuca Pat. is a morphologically well-defined genus of agaricomycetous fungi (Agaricales, incertae sedis; He at al. 2019), characterized by colourless basidiospores with amyloid ornamentation and the absence of clamp connections (e.g. Boekhout 1988 ; Bon 1991 ; Vizzini et al. 2011 Vesterholt 2012 ). Anyway, the most Melanoleuca species have the substantial morphological variability and macro- or micromorphological characters are overlapping in many cases, therefore these characters are not sufficient for identification at species level. The using of DNA sequences may be necessary for identification of some problematic taxa (e.g., Vizzini et al. 2011 ; Yu et al. 2014 ; Antonín et al. 2014 , 2015 , 2017 , 2021 ). The genus currently includes over 440 validly published names ( http://www.indexfungorum.org , accessed on 3 June 2022) and around 60 species globally accepted (He et al. 2019 ). In the past, different concepts of intrageneric classifications were published (e. g. Métrod 1948 ; Singer 1986 ; Kühner 1978 ; Boekhout 1988 , 1999 ; Bon 1991 ). Recently, two subgenera within the genus are recognized, subg. Melanoleuca emend. Fontenla, Para & Vizzini characterized by macrocystidia in hymenium, and subg. Urticocystis Boekhout including species with urticocystidia or completely lacking any cystidia in hymenium (Vizzini et al. 2011 ). Since 2012, Melanoleuca has been a subject of extensive taxonomical revision, focused on European taxa (Antonín et al. 2014 , 2015 , 2017 , 2018 , 2021 , 2022 ; Ďuriška et al. 2017 ). Antonín et al. ( 2022 ) revised European species of the subg. Melanoleuca and delimited 11 species within the subgenus: M. albomarginata Antonín, Ďuriška, Jančovičová, Para & Tomšovský, M. ammophila Antonín, Ďuriška, Jančovičová, Para & Tomšovský, M. bataillei Malençon, M. cavipes Métrod ex Bon, M. friesii (Bres.) Bon, M. granadensis Armada, M. melaleuca (Pers.) Murrill, M. pallidicutis Bresinsky, M. polioleuca (Fr.) Kühner & Maire, M. strictipes (P. Karst.) Jul. Schäff. and M. variabilis Antonín, Ďuriška, Jančovičová, Para & Tomšovský. Taxonomic revision of European species of the subg. Urticocystis was subject of series of studies (Antonín et al. 2014 , 2015 , 2017 , 2021 ). Till now, 20 taxa of the subgenus were recognized and delimited: M. acystidiata Para, Antonín, Ševčíková, Ďuriška & Tomšovský, M. castaneofusca Contu, M. cognata (Fr.) Konrad & Maubl., M. diverticulata G. Moreno & Bon, M. exscissa (Fr.: Fr.) Singer, M. fontenlae Para, Antonín, Ďuriška, Ševčíková & Tomšovský, M. galbuserae Antonín, Ševčíková, Para & Tomšovský, M. grammopodia (Bull. : Fr.) Pat., M. humilis (Pers.) Pat., M. juliannae Rimóczi, Antonín, L. Nagy & Tomšovský and M. juliannae var. decolorans Antonín & Tomšovský, M. luteolosperma (Britzelm.) Singer, M. malenconii Bon (Antonín et al. 2015 ), M. microcephala (P. Karst.) Singer, M. paedida (Fr.) Kühner & Maire, M. rasilis (Fr.) Singer, M. stepposa Vacek, M. stridula (Fr.) Singer, M. tristis M.M. Moser, and M. verrucipes (Fr.) Singer. This work continues in the taxonomical revisions focused on an European taxon confused with M. angelesiana A.H. Sm. and delimitation of four species, M. brachyspora Harmaja, M. graminicola (Velen.) Kühner & Maire, M. rufipes Bon and M. stridula (Fr.) Singer. Delimitation of the remaining species formally encloses taxonomical revision of the genus Melanoleuca in Europe. A key to identification of the European species of subg. Urticocystis is published. Material And Methods Morphological analyses This study is based on collections of fresh basidiomata made during field surveys in Europe deposited in various herbaria, especially ANC, BRNM and SLO. Six Melanoleuca type specimens preserved in the following herbaria were included in this study: ANC [ Melanoleuca stridula (Fr.) Singer], H [ M. brachyspora Harmaja], LIP [ M. rufipes Bon], MPU ( M. electropoda Maire & Malençon), PC ( M. striimarginata Métrod), PRM [ M. graminicola (Velen.) Maire & Kühner]. Macroscopic descriptions of collected specimens are given of fresh basidiomata. Colour abbreviations follow Kornerup and Wanscher ( 1983 ) and Küppers ( 2007 ), and herbarium abbreviations follow Thiers ( 2022 ). Authors of fungal names are cited according to the Authors of Fungal Names web page ( http://www.indexfungorum.org/AuthorsOfFungalNames.htm ). Microscopic features are described from dried material mounted in KOH, Melzer's reagent, and Congo Red, using an Olympus BX-50 light microscope (Japan) with a magnification of 400× and 1000×. Finger test (Bon 1991 ) means that the finger print is visible at the pileus surface after touching. For basidiospores, the factors E (quotient of length and width in any one spore) and Q (mean of E-values) are used. For lamellae, L is the number of entire lamellae and l is the number of lamellulae tiers between each pair of entire lamellae. Characters of cheilocystidia are defined according to Vizzini et al. ( 2011 ). The caulohymenium, formed especially on the stipe apex surface in some Melanoleuca species, is a layer composed of caulobasidioles, caulocystidia and sporulating caulobasidia. It is comparable with the hymenium of the hymenophore in many respects (Šutara 2005 ). Scanning electron microphotographs of basidiospores were taken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) device Vega 4 LMU (TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic). The microscopic structures were coated with a 10 nm gold layer using a Luxor Gold coater (LUXOR Tech, Nazareth, Belgium) before the microscopy. Dna Sequence Dataset DNA from dried fungal material was isolated and three genes (ITS region of ribosomal RNA gene = ITS; RNA polymerase II, the second largest subunit = rpb2; translation elongation factor 1-alpha = tef1) were amplified according to Antonín et al. ( 2015 , 2017 ). In the case of older type specimens the genus-specific primers for the Melanoleuca-targeting ITS2 region (MELITS2F/MELITS2R) developed by Antonín et al. ( 2015 ) were applied for amplification. The two datasets were the subject of phylogenetic analyses. The ITS-only dataset contained of all specimens including the type specimens whereas the combined multilocus ITS- rpb2-tef1 dataset contained selected representatives of each species. The sequences were aligned using MAFFT, version 7 online program, setting up the Q-INS-i option (Katoh and Toh 2008 ). The datasets were enriched with sequences published mostly by Vizzini et al. ( 2011 ), Osmundson et al. ( 2013 ), Sánchez-García et al. ( 2013 ), Yu et al. ( 2014 ), Antonín et al. ( 2014 , 2015 , 2017 ). The aligned ITS dataset was 785 bp long and included 484 conserved, 286 variable, and 36 singleton positions as determined in the MEGA X program version 10.1.8 (Kumar et al. 2018 ). The combined ITS- rpb2-tef1 dataset was 2751 bp long (1645 conserved, 1073 variable, and 142 singleton positions). The DNA sequences of two-three species from subg. Melanoleuca were selected as the outgroup for both ITS only and multilocus datasets. Phylogenetic Analysis Both datasets were subjected to maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic analyses. For each gene best-fit partitioning scheme was found with PartitionFinder 2 (Lanfear et al. 2016 ) based on codon positions as data blocks using the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). For both datasets, the analysis was performed for both linked and unlinked branch lengths with the results being exactly the same in both cases. All possible partitioning schemes were analysed (the option search = all;). The resulting partitioning schemes were as follows: A) ITS ‒ all three codon positions were merged into one partition. B) rpb2 ‒ each codon position was selected as a separate partition. C) tef1 ‒ the first codon position was selected as a separate partition, the second and third positions together formed another partition. ML phylogenetic inference was performed with RAxML-NG 1.1.0 (Kozlov et al. 2019 ). The best-fitting evolutionary model for each partition was selected by PartitionFinder 2 (Lanfear et al. 2016 ). The set of all 84 available models was used that included also models with base frequencies estimated by ML (the option models = allx;). The number of bootstraps was determined using the MRE-based bootstopping test (Pattengale et al. 2010 ). The cutoff value was set to 0.01 (the option --bs-cutoff 0.01). As a branch support Transfer Bootstrap Expectation metric (Lemoine et al. 2018 ) was computed. The support values were mapped onto the best-scoring tree. BI was carried out using BEAST 2 (Bouckaert et al. 2014 ). In both analyses the uncorrelated log-normal relaxed molecular clock was used (Drummond et al. 2006 ). Substitution models for individual partitions were selected automatically via model averaging implemented in the bModelTest package (Bouckaert and Drummond 2017 ). For both analyses Metropolis coupled MCMC (MC3) was applied using CoupledMCMC package (Müller and Bouckaert 2019 ). Four chains were used – three heated and one cold. The chain length was always set to 20,000. 000 and every 5000th generation was sampled. Target switch probability was set to 0.234 (Kone and Kofke 2005 ; Atchadé et al. 2011 ) and the 25% burn-in was used. The posterior parameter estimates were summarised using Tracer 1.7.1 (Rambaut et al. 2018 ). Quality of the estimates was assessed based on visual analysis of the trace plots and ESS values – the ESS value ≥ 200 indicated proper sampling (standard approach). Parameter estimates were summarized with TreeAnnotator 2.6.0 (part of BEAST 2) and mapped onto the 50% majority-rule consensus tree created with SumTrees 4.4.0 (Sukumaran and Holder 2010 ). Edge lengths were calculated as mean lengths for the corresponding edges in the input set of trees. Results Phylogeny Phylogenetic analyses confirmed separate position of previously recognised species (Antonín et al. 2014 , 2015 , 2017 , 2021 ). Moreover, the position of M. brachyspora and M. graminicola within subg. Urticocystis excluded from the previous research is clarified (Figs. 1 and 2 ). The multigene analyses confirmed the structure of the two main Melanoleuca species groups named in previous papers (Antonín et al. 2017 , 2021 ) as the M. exscissa and the M. castaneofusca groups. The position of apomorphic M. cognata is closer to the M. castaneofusca group. The separation of some species ( M. stridula , M. angelesiana aff. USA ‒ see details below) is not statistically supported by analyses of the ITS-only dataset (Fig. 1 ), but are well delimited by the multilocus data analyses. Table 1 The sequenced specimens analysed in the study. The newly obtained sequences are marked in bold. Species Country, locality Herbarium specimen Genbank acc. No. (ITS) Genbank acc. No. (rpb2) Genbank acc. No. (tef1) M. acystidiata Italy, South Tyrol, St. Jacob in Val di Vizze ANC M0205, holotype JN616462 M. acystidiata Switzerland, Davos, Schatzalp BRNM 772203 MW491319 MW488169 MW488154 M. acystidiata aff. USA USA, Colorado, Front Range DBG 28118 OP394180 M. acystidiata aff. USA USA, Colorado, Caribou trail head, Roosevelt NF DGB 28732 OP394181 M. acystidiata aff. USA USA, Colorado, Caribou creek DGB 39834 OP394182 OP454885 M. angelesiana USA, Washington, Olympic Mts., Lake Angels AFS 11438, syntype MW491318 M. angelesiana aff. USA USA, Idaho, Payette Nat. Forest, near Brundage Reservoir NY 1772313, OKM26930 OP394183 OP454886 M. angelesiana aff. USA USA, Idaho, Payette Nat. Forest, Brundage Reservoir Road NY 1927565, OKM26963 OP394184 OP454887 M. brachyspora Finland, Varsinais-Suomi, Karkkila, Haavisto H 6003414, holotype OP394185 M. brachyspora Czech Republic, Novohradské hory Mts., Malonty BRNM 829070 OP394186 M. brachyspora Slovakia, Vysoké Tatry Mts., Podbanské SLO 1565 OP394189 M. brachyspora Czech Republic, České Švýcarsko National Park, Doubice BRNM 772200 OP394187 OP454888 OP454872 M. brachyspora Slovakia, Veporské vrchy Mts., Hriňová, Biele Vody BRNM 829071 OP394188 OP454889 OP454873 M. brachyspora Slovakia, Vysoké Tatry Mts., Podbanské SLO 1552 OP394190 OP454890 OP454874 M. brachyspora Turkey GB65588 MG989685 M. castaneofusca Italy, Ravenna, Pineta di S. Vitale BRNM 761900 MW491323 MW488170 MW488155 M. castaneofusca Czech Republic, Hořovice, Osek BRNM 761901 MW491320 MW488171 MW488156 M. castaneofusca UK, England, Surrey, Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens K(M)92562 MW491321 MW488172 MW488157 M. cognata Sweden, Västergötland, Trollhättan GB65454 JX429190 M. cognata Czech Republic, Toulovcovy maštale Nature Reserve BRNM 699542 OP394191 OP454891 OP454875 M. diverticulata Slovakia, Bratislava, Lamač SLO 1566 LT594155 LT594188 LT594172 M. exscissa Hungary, Bátorliget BRNM 772198 LT594125 LT594189 LT594173 M. exscissa Czech Republic, Mokrsko BRNM 781061 LT594122 LT594191 LT594175 M. exscissa Italy, Ravenna, Pineta di S. Vitale BRNM 781066 LT594123 LT594190 LT594174 M. fontenlae Italy, Ravenna district, Lido di Dante, holotype BRNM 772194, holotype MW491326 MW488173 MW488158 M. fontenlae Slovakia, Cerová vrchovina Mts., Vlčia dolina SAV F-3823 MW491327 MW488174 MW488159 M. friesii Slovakia BRNM 817799 MT270866 MT268606 MT268581 M. galbuserae Italy, Trentino, Pozza di Fassa MCVE4505, E. Bizio 1994-08-06 JF908351 MW488175 MW488160 M. galbuserae Italy, South Tyrol, Solda BRNM 825710 MW491333 MW488176 MW488161 M. graminicola Italy JN616438 M. graminicola Czech Republic, Toulovcovy maštale Nature Reserve BRNM 829064, epitype OP394192 M. graminicola Slovakia, Strážovské vrchy Mts., Pružina-Priedhorie BRNM 829062 OP394193 M. graminicola Slovakia, Západné Beskydy, Oravská polhora, Slaná voda SLO 1523 OP394194 OP454892 OP454876 M. graminicola Slovakia, Západné Beskydy, Mútne, Mútňanská píla SLO 1532 OP394195 OP454893 OP454877 M. graminicola Slovakia, Veľká Fatra Mts, Liptovské Revúce, Zelená dolina SLO 1623 OP394196 OP454895 OP454879 M. graminicola Slovakia, Západné Beskydy, Mútne, Mútňanská píla SLO 1527 OP394197 OP454894 OP454878 M. graminicola Sweden, Gotland, Viklau GB65588 JX429216 M. grammopodia Czech Republic, Třemošnice BRNM 762047 KT279047 KT279059 KT279048 M. grammopodia Slovakia, Veľká Fatra Mts., Vrchlúky SLO 1463 KP192264 KT279058 KT279049 M. grammopodia Slovakia, Liptovské Revúce SLO 1468 KP192267 KT279061 KT279051 M. grammopodia Slovakia, Liptovské Revúce SLO 1466 KP192269 KT279060 KT279050 M. griseobrunnea South Korea, Taean Peninsula, Deoksung BRNM 781058 LT594152 LT594179 LT594165 M. humilis Czech Republic, Přerov BRNM 751965 KJ425530 KT279057 KJ425543 M. humilis Czech Republic, Kroměříž BRNM 710023 KJ425531 KT279055 KJ425544 M. humilis Czech Republic, České Budějovice CB KP192290 KT279056 KT279052 M. juliannae var. decolorans Italy, Altino di Montemonaco BRNM 751960, holotype KJ425532 LT594181 KJ425545 M. juliannae var. juliannae Hungary, Budapest, Rákospalota BP 104371, holotype KJ425539 LT594182 KJ425552 M. leucopoda HMAS 267626 KF220638 M. longisterigma Mexico, Veracruz ENCB, Guzmán 19274 JX429211 M. luteolosperma Slovakia, Velká Fatra Mts., Lubochňa BRNM 761907 MW491328 MW488177 MW488162 M. luteolosperma Czech Republic, Srbsko, BRNM 817820 MW491329 MW488178 MW488163 M. malenconii Czech Republic, Roudnice nad Labem BRNM 762051 KP192275 KT279062 KT279053 M. malenconii Slovakia, Bratislava SLO 1455 KP192277 KT279063 KT279054 M. microcephala Slovakia, Velká Fatra Mts., Ružomberok, Skalná Alpa BRNM 817787 MW491334 MW488179 MW488164 M. microcephala Slovakia, Velká Fatra Mts., Ružomberok, Skalná Alpa BRNM 817788 MW491335 MW488180 MW488165 M. monticola , sp. nov. Slovakia, Vysoké Tatry Mts., Podbanské SLO 1556, holotype OP394198 OP454897 OP454881 M. monticola , sp. nov. Czech Republic, Pohoří na Šumavě BRNM 829076 OP394200 OP454896 OP454880 M. monticola , sp. nov. Slovakia, Veľká Fatra Mts., Vlkolínec SLO 1597 OP394201 OP454898 OP454882 M. monticola , sp. nov. Slovakia, Trstená BRNM 653033 OP394199 M. monticola , sp. nov. Italy ANC M0203 JN616420 M. paedida Italy, Lombardy, Lago Cancano di Valfurva R. Para 010907-02 MW491337 MW488181 MW488166 M. paedida Italy, Calabria, Colamauci di Celico ANC M0189 JN616452 M. porphyropoda China HMAS 267624, holotype KF220640 M. rasilis Italy, Monti Sibillini National Park BRNM 751967 LT594154, LT594187 LT594171 M. romanensis , sp. nov. Italy, Ravenna, Lido di Dante BRNM 772193, holotype OP394202 OP454900 M. romanensis , sp. nov. Italy, Ravenna, Pineta Ramazzotti and dunes di Lido di Dante BRNM 829059 OP394203 OP454899 M. romanensis , sp. nov. Italy, Ravenna, Pineta di Classe, part Pinarella-Bosconi BRNM 829060 OP394204 M. romanensis , sp. nov. Italy, Ravenna, Pineta di Classe, Anello di Dante BRNM 829061 OP394205 M. stepposa Czech Republic, Ivančice BRNM 781064 LT594150 LT594176 LT594162 M. stepposa Czech Republic, Brno BRNM 781099 LT594147 LT594177 LT594163 M. strictipes Czech Republic, Staré Hamry BRNM 737301 KY417098 MT268613 MT268561 M. stridula Slovakia, Podskalie BRNM 825716 MW491340 M. stridula Austria, Ehrwald BRNM 825717 MW491338 MW488182 MW488167 M. stridula Slovakia, Liptovský Hrádok, Hybe SLO 1543 MW491339 MW488183 MW488168 M. stridula Italy ANC M0007, neotype JN616467 M. stridula Slovakia, Považský Inovec Mts., Bojná BRNM 772202 OP394206 OP454901 OP454883 M. stridula France, Hautes Alpes Dept., Arvieux, Lac de Roue BRNM 829065 OP394207 M. striimarginata Italy ANC M0202 JN616468 M. tristis Czech Republic, Třeboň BRNM 772197 LT594137 LT594184 LT594168 M. tristis Italy, Ravenna, Pineta di S. Vitale BRNM 772192 LT594135 LT594183 LT594167 M. tristis Slovakia, Lakšárska Nová Ves SLO 1607 LT594139 LT594185 LT594169 M. tristis Slovakia, Šaštín SLO 1671 LT594140 LT594186 LT594170 M. verrucipes AFTOL-ID 818 DQ490642 M. verrucipes Czech Republic, Hluboš BRNM 771972 OP394208 OP454902 OP454884 M. zaaminensis Uzbekistan, Pamiro-Altai Mts., Kulsai TAAM 121360, holotype LT594141 Melanoleuca sp. Czechia Czech Republic, Ivančice BRNM 781065 LT594142 LT594178 LT594164 Melanoleuca sp. Korea South Korea, Mongsanpo BRNM 781059 LT594153 LT594180 LT594166 The European specimens previously identified as M. angelesiana (Vizzini et al. 2011 ) is unrelated to the syntype sequence of M. angelesiana (Antonín et al. 2021 ), which seems to be a strictly American species. Therefore, the European " M. angelesiana " lineage should be described as a new species. Unfortunately, five American specimens identified as M. angelesiana and available for this study did not resulted as M. angelesiana sensu typi either. Three of them from Colorado (DBG 28118, DGB 28732, and DGB 39834) belong to M. acystidiata lineage but are not fully identical with European M. acystidiata , so we name them M. acystidiata aff. USA. Other two M. aff. angelesiana specimens from Idaho (NY 1772313 and NY 1927565) grouped separately ( M. angelesiana aff. USA in this paper). Another previously unrecognized phylogenetic species is a lineage of four specimens from Italy (Emilia-Romagna, surroundings of Ravenna; specimens nos. BRNM 772193, BRNM 829059 ‒ BRNM 829061), resulted as a sister species to M. fontenlae (= M. pseudopaedida sensu Vizzini et al. 2011 ) and also needs a formal description. Taxonomy Melanoleuca monticola Antonín, Ďuriška, Jančovičová, Para, Ševčíková & Tomšovský, sp. nov. (Figs. 3 and 6 c) Mycobank *** = M. angelesiana A.H. Sm. s. Vizzini et al. ( 2011 ); ? M. phaeopodia s. Bres. (Bon 1991 ). Diagnosis . It differs from closely related M. brachyspora by the absence of a caulohymenium, a distinctly clavate to bulbose stipe base and DNA sequences. Holotype . Slovakia, Vysoké Tatry Mts., Podbanské, Kôprová dolina, on a disturbed soil with stones on the margin of a road, 25 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1556). Etymology . Known only from montane and hilly areas. Pileus 25–175 mm broad, plano-conical or convex with distinct, obtuse umbo and involute at margin, then applanate with distinct, broad, low umbo and inflexed or reflexed margin, pileipellis exceeding the lamellae margin, usually not striate, sometimes translucently striate, smooth or very slightly rugulose at centre, sometimes with small depressions, smooth, finger test 0, glabrous or pruinose, lustrous, ± uniformly silvery grey, pale brown-grey (Y70M50C50), grey-brown (6‒7E3‒5, Y90M80C80), or (dark) brown (6C‒D5‒6, Y90M70C60) with darker, brown (7E‒F6, Y90M80C70), dark brown (Y99M90C80) to black-brown (7F5‒6, S99Y40M40) centre. Lamellae rather close, L = c. 45–80, l = 1–4, emarginate and attached with tooth, sometimes furcate near stipe, ± horizontal to ventricose, white (S00Y00M00), whitish (between S00Y00M00 and S00Y10M00) to pale cream coloured (Y30M10C10), with beige or greyish tinge or without it, with concolorous, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 30–80(‒155) × 3–17 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, distinctly clavate (up to 20 mm) or bulbous (with bulb up to 30 mm), sometimes entirely clavate when young, or not broadened at base, rather distinctly longitudinally fibrillose, or longitudinally striate, sometimes twisted, white at apex, grey-brown (6C‒E4‒6) otherwise, entirely, especially at apex floccose, floccules white at apex, grey-brown towards base; with white basal tomentum. Context white (S00Y00M00), whitish (between S00Y00M00 and S00Y10M00), cream (Y40M20C20), sometimes to pale brown (Y50M40C30) in pileus, white (S00Y00M00), whitish (between S00Y00M00 and S00Y10M00), cream (Y40M20C20) to pale brown (Y50M40C30) in stipe, sometimes darker than apex in the stipe base, with fungoid smell or without any or with slight earthy smell and with mild (sometimes sweetish) taste. Basidiospores 5.5–10 × 4.0–6.5(‒7.0) µm, average = 7.15 × 5.10 µm, E = (1.0‒)1.17–1.73, Q = 1.25–1.59, (broadly) ellipsoid, rarely globose, thin-walled, ornamentation verruculose with scattered cristulae, amyloid. Basidia 30–55 × 10–12 µm, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 15–50 × 5.0–13 µm, clavate, cylindrical. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia not seen. Marginal cells absent or 18‒31 × 4.5‒11 µm, clavate, cylindrical, irregular or irregular, thin-walled. Trama hyphae cylindrical to ellipsoid, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, 3.0‒15(‒25) µm wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis, sometimes transient to trichoderm, composed of ± radially arranged, cylindrical, slightly gelatinized (especially at centre), smooth or rarely minutely incrusted, thin-walled, 4.0‒10 µm wide hyphae with vacuolar and incrusting grey-brown or brown pigmentation; terminal cells adpressed to often (sub)erect (especially towards centre), cylindrical or narrowly clavate, subfusoid, sublageniform, thin-walled, 4.0‒8.0 µm wide. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, ± thin-walled, 3.0‒7.0 µm wide hyphae. Caulocystidia single or in groups, (17‒)20–80 × 4.0–10 µm, clavate, cylindrical, thin- to slightly thick-walled; caulohymenium absent. Clamp connections absent. Ecology . On soil in a stream alluvium under Picea , Salix , Petasites and Urtica , on a margin of a montane spruce forest under Picea , Betula and Rubus , in mosses under Rubus and Picea . In woodlands (under Picea abies , Fagus sylvatica ) along roads and paths in leaves, wood or herb debris, on sawdust or in grass and among herbs (e.g. Arctium , Taraxacum , Mentha , Rumex , Oxalis , Petasites , and Trifolia. Often on anthropogenous places. Other specimens examined . CZECH REPUBLIC: Brdy Mts., Nová Ves, c. 500 m SE of the village, leg. J. Kasíková (BRNM 781198). ‒ Novohradské hory Mts., Lužnický vrch, 30 Sep. 2008 leg. M.T. Basso (Antonín 08.257, BRNM 829077). ‒ Novohradské hory Mts., Pohoří na Šumavě, spruce stand close to Prameniště Pohořského potoka Nature Monument, 28 Sep. 2008 leg. M. Beran (Antonín 08.232, BRNM 829076). ITALY: Trentino Prov., Malga Pura of Pieve di Bono, 13 Sep. 2002 leg. E. Bizio, R. Para and R. Fontenla 020913-02 (ANC M0144). SLOVAKIA: Západné Tatry Mts., Podbanské, Tichá dolina, vicinity of the Tábor cottage, alluvium of the Tichý potok stream, alt. 1040‒1120 m, 28 Aug. 2003 leg. O Jindřich (Antonín 03.38, BRNM 829073). ‒ Západné Beskydy, Mútne, Mútňanská píla, 10 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1525). ‒ Javorníky Mts., Vysoká nad Kysucou, 12 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičová (SLO1542). ‒ Vysoké Tatry Mts., Podbanské, Tichá dolina, 25 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičová (SLO1553). ‒ Ibid. (SLO1559). ‒ Ibid. leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1555). ‒ Ibid. 26 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1562). ‒ Západné Tatry Mts., Podbanské, Kamenistá dolina, 24 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičová (SLO1546). ‒ Ibid. leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1547). ‒ Vysoké Tatry Mts., Podbanské, 26 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičová (SLO1563). ‒ Ibid. 25 Oct. 2012 (SLO1549). ‒ Ibid. 25 Oct. 2012 (SLO1550). ‒ Ibid. 25 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1548). ‒ Vysoké Tatry Mts., Podbanské, Kôprová dolina, 25 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1558). ‒ Ibid. (SLO1556). ‒ Nízke Tatry Mts., Jarabá, 3 Nov. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1570). ‒ Čergov, Hertník, 15 Sep. 2010 leg. P. Kešeľák (SLO1588). ‒ Veľká Fatra Mts., Liptovské Revúce, Zelená dolina, 30 Sep. 2013, leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1622). ‒ Veľká Fatra Mts., Vlkolínec, Vrchlúka, 10 Sep. 2013 leg. M. Tomšovský (SLO1597). ‒ Horná Orava LPA, Trstená, Za Jelešňou protected area, alt. 620‒640 m, 1 Oct. 2000 leg. D. Janda and V. Antonín (Antonín 00.149, BRNM 653033). SWITZERLAND: Graubünden, Rhäzüns, gem. Thusis, Lag Miert, alt. 1300‒1400 m, 30 Sep. 2004 leg. V. Antonín 04.227 and 04.228 (BRNM 829074 and BRNM 829075). Remarks . Melanoleuca monticola is characterized by rather small to large basidiomata, often with a relatively robust stipe; a grey, pale brown-grey, grey-brown or (dark) brown pileus with darker, brown, dark brown to black-brown centre; white, whitish to pale cream lamellae, sometimes with beige or greyish tinge; a distinctly clavate, entirely (especially at apex) floccose, grey-brown stipe; a whitish, sometimes up to pale brown context in the stipe base; a very variable size and shape of basidiospores; by the absence of cheilo-, pleurocystidia and caulohymenium; and a pileipellis in the form of an ixocutis, sometimes transient to a trichoderm. A typical caulohymenium is absent, however, extremely rare caulocystidia (only 1‒2 in one preparation) with a shape resembling the brevipes -type cystidia with a septum, 19‒50 × 4‒5 µm large, were found in several collections (SLO1553, SLO1547, SLO1556). Phylogenetically, M. monticola is a sister species of M. brachyspora . Melanoleuca monticola was identified as M. angelesiana A.H. Sm. by Vizzini et al. ( 2011 ) or published probably as M. phaeopodia s. Bres. by Bon ( 1991 ). However, our phylogenetic studies showed clear differences between M. monticola and syntype of M. angelesiana , and the latter species represents a North-American taxon related to M. acystidiata (Antonín et al. 2021 ). We studied several specimens identified as M. angelesiana from the North-American herbaria DGB and NY, and they represent two different taxa than true M. angelesiana ( M. acystidiata aff. USA and M. angelesiana aff. USA in this paper). In comparison to other European species having white context in the stipe base and lacking cheilo- and pleurocystidia, M. brachyspora Harmaja differs by the presence of a caulohymenium and less distinctly clavate stipe base, M. paedida has an ochraceous fawn to pale or dark grey-brown pileus, a shorter stipe, with barely pruinose surface at the apex only and smaller basidiospores (6.5–8.5 × 3.9–5.5 µm, average 7.3 × 5.1 µm) and M. acystidiata has an only slightly longitudinally fibrillose, more or less cylindrical stipe, sometimes with only indistinct whitish floccules and slightly broader basidiospores, (6.7‒)7.2–10(‒11) × 5–7.2(‒7.5) µm, average 8.2 × 6.1 µm (Antonín et al. 2021 ). Melanoleuca graminicola (Velen.) Kühner & Maire (Figs. 4 a‒d and 6b) Tricholoma graminicolum Velen., České Houby: 244, 1920 (non Tricholoma graminicola Velen., Novitates mycologicae novissimae: 62, 1939). ‒ Melanoleuca graminicola (Velen.) Kühner & Maire, Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 50: 18, 1934. Type material . Czech Republic, Mnichovice, the way in the direction to Struhařov, grassy, sunny country lane, July 1926, leg. J. Velenovský (PRC, bottle 59a – marked as isotype, bottle 59b – marked as lectotype). Epitype . Czech Republic, Proseč, Toulovcovy maštale Nature Reserve, on soil, roadside, under Picea abies , Abies alba and Ulmus , 19 Oct. 2013 leg. V. Antonín and H. Ševčíková (Antonín 13.385, BRNM 829064). Pileus 20–74 mm broad, convex-conical, low conical to applanate to uplifted, with rather distinct, obtuse umbo at centre and depressed around it, involute, later inflexed at margin, smooth, glabrous or finely rugulose-granulose (lens), sometimes translucently striate, finger test 0, light brown (Y50M40C30), brown to dark-brown (Y80M60C50; Y80M80C70, 6D‒E5‒6, 6D4, 7D4), usually darker (6F5-6, Y99M80C80) at centre, pallescent to ochraceous beige (5B3). Lamellae moderately close, L = c. 50–60, l = 3–4 (irregular), emarginate and attached to decurrent with tooth, rather narrow, white (S00Y10M00) to whitish (S00Y10M00) or pale cream, sometimes with greyish tinge, with concolorous, uneven, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 30–90 × 2–9 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, clavate to with small bulb (up to 14 mm) at base, longitudinally fibrillose, floccose-pubescent at apex, pale brown (Y60M40C30), orangish brown, brown, pale brown-grey to brown (6C‒D5, Y70M50C50, Y80M70C60), then dark (greyish) brown (7E3‒4); basal tomentum whitish, rich. Context in pileus whitish, pale brown (Y60M40C40) to grey-brown (Y80M70C70), sometimes with rusty tinge (Y90M80C50), watery brown-grey when moist, in stipe apex whitish to pale brownish, grey-brown (Y80M80C80) to brown (Y80M80C70), sometimes with rusty tinge (Y90M70C50), in the stipe base brownish, light to dark brown (Y90M80C60, Y90M90C90) to black-brown (S99Y99M20), sometimes rusty brown, rarely dirty whitish, without any distinct smell or slightly earthy, and with mild taste. Basidiospores (5.5‒)7.0–8.5(9.5) × 4.0–6.5 µm, average = 7.39 × 5.11 µm, E = (1.09‒)1.20–1.78, Q = 1.33‒1.58, ellipsoid, less frequently fusoid-ellipsoid, verruculose, warts isolated, rarely connected, up to 1.0 µm high, amyloid. Basidia 18–41 × 7.0–12 µm, 4-, rarely 2- or 1-spored, clavate. Basidioles 13–38 × 5.0–12 µm, clavate, rarely subcylindrical or subvesiculose or resembling cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia scattered, urticoid, more or less of the exscissa -type, 18–50 × 5.0–11.0 × 3.0‒5.0 µm, ± lageniform, often irregular, apex subulate, obtuse, thin-walled. Marginal cells 12–45 × 5.0–11 µm, clavate, (sub)cylindrical, (sub)utriform, sometimes irregular, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Trama hyphae cylindrical or subinflated, thin-walled, 3.0‒15(‒20) µm wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis transient to ixotrichoderm (centre) composed of cylindrical, ± thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 10.0 µm wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed to erect, (sub)clavate or cylindrical, rarely branched, obtuse, up to 60 × 7.0 µm; yellowish grey in KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, ± slightly thick-walled, smooth or minutely incrusted, non-dextrinoid, 2.0‒7.0 µm wide hyphae. Caulohymenium of (1) caulocystidia, 22–70 × 5.0–10 µm, lageniform, cylindrical, clavate, subfusoid, regular or irregular, thin- or slightly thick-walled, and (2) rare urticoid caulocystidia, 45 × 12 × 3.2 µm. Clamp connections absent. Ecology . On soil in an alluvium of a stream, in Urtica , Cirsium and Mentha growth, among wood scrap, leaves debris, and in grass and moss among different herbs ( Carduus sp., Petasites sp., Traxacum sp., Urtica dioica ), on a margin of a wet spruce forest, under trees and shrubs ( Abies, Alnus , Corylus , Picea, Pinus , Salix , and Ulmus ) or on forest paths and roads margins. Other specimens examined . Austria: Gesäuse, Johnsbach, Schafgraben, 25. Aug. 2010 leg. H. Forstinger (Antonín 10.233, BRNM 829063). ITALY: Trentino Prov., Albarè of Pergine Valsugana, alt. 500 m, 4 Oct. 2002 leg. C. Piuri, R. Fontenla & R. Para 021004-04 (ANC M0145). SLOVAKIA: Strážovské vrchy Mts., Pružina-Priedhorie, Strážov National Nature Reserve, alt. 600–700 m, 7 Oct. 2005 leg. M. Vašutová (Antonín 05.210, BRNM 829062). ‒ Horná Orava Landscape Protected Area, Trstená, Za Jelešňou Nature Reserve, 1. Oct. 2000 leg. V. Antonín 00.150 (BRNM 653028). ‒ Strážovské a Súľovské vrchy, Podskalie, 6. Oct. 2005 leg. L. Hagara (BRACR15528, (BRACR15529). ‒ Západné Beskydy, Mútne, Mútňanská píla, 10. Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1528, SLO1531, SLO1527, SLO1525). ‒ Ibid., leg. S. Jančovičová (SLO1532, SLO1526). ‒ Západné Beskydy, Oravská Polhora, Slaná voda, 9. Oct. 2012 leg. S. Adamčík (SLO1518, SLO1522). ‒ Ibid., leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1523). ‒ Strážovské vrchy, Pevník časť Dolina, 11. Oct. 2013 leg. M. Caboň (SLO1637). ‒ Ibid., leg. S. Jančovičová (SLO1634, SLO1635). ‒ Veľká Fatra, Liptovské Revúce, Suchá dolina, 29. Sep. 2013 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1619, SLO1615). ‒ Veľká Fatra, Liptovské revúce, Zelená dolina, 30. Sep. 2013 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1626, SLO1625, SLO1623). SPAIN: Teruel-Bronchales, 18. Oct. 2014 leg. E. Suarez (herb. E. Suarez H.H.T.S.G.B. 649C) Remarks . Melanoleuca graminicola is characterized by rather small basidiomata with a light brown, brown to dark-brown and usually darker pileus at centre, pallescent to ochraceous beige; white, whitish to pale cream coloured lamellae; a pale brown, orangish brown, brown, pale brown-grey to brown, then dark (greyish) brown stipe, clavate or with small bulb, floccose-pubescent at apex; brownish, light to dark brown to black-brown, sometimes rusty brown, rarely dirty whitish context in the stipe base; moderately large basidiospores; scattered, urticoid cheilocystidia; and the present caulohymenium. Urticoid caulocystidia may rarely absent. One specimen (BRNM 653028) has two sizes of basidiospores: 10‒12 × 6.0‒8.0 µm (originating from 2-(1-)spored basidia), and 7.0‒9.5 × 4.7‒6.5 µm (originating from 4-spored basidia); the size of the second ones fit well to the size limit of this species. This species is sometimes erroneously considered a synonymum of M. angelesiana A.H. Sm. by American authors (e.g. Gillman & Miller 1977). Phylogenetically close species with brown stipe base context, M. romanensis differs from M. graminicola by the larger basidiospores (7.5–10 × 5.0–7.0 µm, average = 8.6 × 5.7 µm) and cheilocystidia mostly of the brevipes -type, smaller marginal cells [12–30 × (3.5‒)6.0–11 µm]; M. fontenlae Para, Antonín, Ďuriška, Ševčíková & Tomšovský by the larger ellipsoid basidiospores [(6.0‒)6.5–10 × (4.0‒)4.8–6.0(‒6.5) µm, average = 8.0 × 5.6 µm] broadly) with mostly irregularly shaped and sometimes up to 0.75 µm high warts and sometimes with rare ridges and cheilocystidia of both the brevipes- and exscissa-type (Antonín et al. 2021 )d microcephala (P. Karst.) Singer by a pileus (greyish) brown at centre and beige-grey or greyish brown otherwise and the absence of cheilocystidia and urticoid caulocystidia (Antonín et al. 2021 ). Melanoleuca rufipes Bon , Documents Mycologiques 8(29): 34, 1978. Holotype . France, Gard, Tarascon (Pichegu), Oct. 1977 leg. M. Bon (LIP, Bon 771029). Macroscopic description . Bon ( 1978 ). Holotype revision . Basidiospores (5.8‒)6.5‒7.5(‒8.0) × 4.5–6.0 µm, average = 7.0 × 5.2 µm, E = 1.23–1.44, Q = 1.28, broadly ellipsoid, subovoid, subglobose, verruculose, warts variable in shape and size, irregular. Basidia 23–38 × 11–12 µm, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles up to 33 × 6.0–13 µm, clavate. Cheilocystidia (only a few seen, mostly collapsed) urticoid, mostly of the brevipes -type, rarely of the exscissa -type, 20–30 × 7.0–10.5 µm, basal part clavate or fusoid, sometimes irregular, apical part cylindrical to subulate, thin-walled, without apical crystals. Marginal cells 13–18 × 6.0–8.5 µm, clavate, subcylindrical, sometimes irregular, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia not seen. Trama hyphae ± cylindrical, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 12(‒15) µm wide. Pileipellis a cutis composed of ± cylindrical, interwoven, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, 3.0‒9.0 µm wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed, rarely suberect, cylindrical, narrowly clavate, obtuse, thin-walled; vacuolar pigment brown. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, smooth, up to 6.0 µm wide hyphae. Caulocystidia 14–30 × 8.0–12 µm, clavate or subfusoid, less frequently subcylindrical, ± irregular, thin-walled. Clamp connections absent. Ecology . On soil under Cupressus arizonica . Remarks . According to the original macroscopic description (Bon 1978 a) rufipes differs from newly proposed M. romanensis (see below) by the presence of purpurascent or red tinges at stipe base and rusty brown stipe base context. Microscopically (holotype) it has smaller, (5.8‒)6.5‒7.5(‒8.0) × 4.6‒6.0 µm (average 7.0 × 5.2 µm), and distinctly broader ellipsoid (Q = 1.28) basidiospores, shorter, 20‒30 × 7.0‒10.5 µm large cheilocystidia and the absence of a caulohymenium. Therefore, the latter taxon is described as a new species below. Microscopically, the closest species seems to be M. castaneofusca with (6.0‒)6.5‒8.0 × 4.0‒6.0 µm (average 7.2 × 4.9 µm, Q = 1.47) large basidiospores. However, it differs by a pileus dark grey-brown to brown or pale brown with a darker brown centre, a stipe brownish to grey-brown or dark brown and distinctly floccose to floccose-tomentose at apex, a paler coloured context in the stipe base, larger cheilocystidia (18–55 × 5.0–11 µm) and the presence of a caulohymenium (Antonín et al. 2021 ). For a final confirmation of the taxonomic position of this species, it is necessary to obtain recent collections of the species, preferably those from the type locality or its vicinity in France, to provide detailed morphological and molecular analyses. Melanoleuca romanensis Antonín, Ďuriška, Jančovičová, Para, Ševčíková & Tomšovský, sp. nov. (Figs. 4 e‒f and 6d) MycoBank MB ****** Diagnosis. Melanoleuca fontenlae differs by a smaller, 9‒39 mm broad, whitish grey, grey-brown or dark brown pileus pallescent up to ochraceous brown to brown, an ochraceous yellowish to brownish stipe at centre and larger cheilocystidia (19–65 × 3.0–10 µm). Holotype . Ravenna, Lido di Dante, on sandy dunes under Pinus and Quercus , 9 Nov. 2000 leg. V. Antonín 00.239 and A. Hausknecht (BRNM 772193). Etymology . Named after eastern part of the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, the area of distribution of the species. Pileus 15–55 mm broad, broadly conical with distinct obtuse central umbo and inflexed to shortly involute margin, then ± applanate with small sometimes up to indistinct central umbo and depressed around it and with inflexed margin, margin sometimes shortly costate, hygrophanous, not translucently striate or shortly translucently striate at margin only, smooth, glabrous, but sometimes apparently finely tomentose at centre, finger test 0, light brown to dark brown (6D4 to 7E5, 6E‒F6) at centre and paler, brownish orange, brown (6C3 to 6D‒E4, 6‒7E3‒6) towards margin, sometimes ivory greyish, whitish or blackish. Lamellae moderately close, L = c. 40–50, l = 2–4, emarginate and attached with tooth, mostly sinuate, sometimes furcate near stipe, white or yellow cream coloured, with slightly beige reflex, with concolorous, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 25–60 × 2.5–7 mm, cylindrical or slowly broadened towards base, straight or curved, slightly broadened at apex, subcylindrical to clavate-bulbose (up to 12 mm) at base, finely pubescent to flocculose at apex, longitudinally (sometimes silvery) (distinctly) fibrillose otherwise, sometimes twisted, brownish orange (6C4) at apex, darker, brown to dark brown (6D‒E4‒5, ±7D4) or greyish brown with fleshy tinge towards base; basal tomentum white. Context whitish in pileus, brownish under pileipellis, fibrillose in stipe, orangish brown, dark brown (7D7) in base, with indistinct to earthy smell and mild but astringent taste. Basidiospores 7.5–10 × 5.0–7.0 µm, average = 8.6 × 5.7 µm, E = 1.29–1.8, Q = 1.41–1.59, (broadly) ellipsoid, fusoid-ellipsoid, verruculose, warts variable in size, ± regular. Basidia 30–39 × (8.0‒)10–12 µm, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 15–40 × 5.0–13 µm, clavate, subcylindrical, subfusoid. Cheilocystidia urticoid, mostly of the brevipes -type, 27–48 × 6.0–9.0 µm, basal part fusoid, subcylindrical, clavate, sometimes irregular, apical part 2.5–3.0 µm wide, cylindrical to subulate, thin-walled, muricate or not. Marginal cells 12–30 × (3.5‒)6.0–11 µm, clavate, fusoid, (sub)cylindrical, vesiculose, often irregular, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia not seen. Trama hyphae cylindrical to (sub)inflated, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 20 µm wide. Pileipellis an (ixo)cutis (margin) to ixotrichoderm (centre) composed of cylindrical, ± thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 10 µm wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed to suberect, 17–58 × (2.0‒)6.0–12 µm, cylindrical, narrowly clavate, (sub)fusoid, obtuse, thin-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, ± thin-walled, smooth, up to 7.0 µm wide hyphae. Caulohymenium of (1) 17–43 × 5.0–9.0(‒11) µm, cylindrical, clavate or subfusoid, sometimes irregular, thin-walled cells, and (2) urticoid to hair-like cystidia, (25‒)33–40 × 2.5–5.0(‒6.0) µm, fusoid, narrowly lageniform, rostrate, subulate, thin-walled usually without apical crystals. Clamp connections absent. Ecology . On sandy soil in grass under Pinus pinaster , P. pinea , Quercus ilex , Q. pubescens and Q. robur . Other specimens examined . ITALY: Ravenna, Pineta Ramazzotti and dunes di Lido di Dante, alt − 14 m, 5 Nov. 2007 leg. V. Antonín 07.410 (BRNM 829059). ‒ Ravenna, Pineta di Classe, part Pinarella-Bosconi, alt. − 10 m, 6. Nov. 2007 leg. V. Antonín 07.424 (BRNM 829060). ‒ Ravenna, Pineta di Classe, Anello di Dante, alt. − 12 m, 9. Nov. 2007 leg. V. Antonín 07.444 (BRNM 829061). ‒ Lazio Prov., Sabaudia, in a wood of Quercus ilex and Pinus on sandy soil, behind the dunes, alt. 7 m, 17 Nov. 2006, leg. R. Fontenla & R. Para (ANC M0199). ‒ Ravenna Prov., mouth of the river Bevano of Ravenna, in a mixed forest with Pinus pinaster , Quercus pubescens and Q. ilex , on sandy soil, alt. 5 m, 6 Jan. 2007, leg. G. Consiglio, G. Perdisa, R. Fontenla & R. Para (ANC M0200) Remarks . Melanoleuca romanensis is characterized by rather small basidiomata with a light brown to dark brown pileus at centre and paler, brownish orange, brown towards margin; yellow cream lamellae; a subcylindrical to clavate-bulbose stipe brownish orange at apex, darker and brown to dark brown towards base; an orangish brown or dark brown context in the stipe base; 7.5–10 × 5.0–7.0 µm basidiospores; present urticoid cheilocystidia; absent pleurocystidia; and present caulohymenium. Phylogenetically and ecologically close M. fontenlae differs by a smaller, 9‒39 mm broad, whitish grey, grey-brown or dark brown pileus pallescent up to ochraceous brown to brown, an ochraceous yellowish to brownish stipe at centre and larger cheilocystidia (19–65 × 3.0–10 µm); Antonín et al. 2021 . M. graminicola (Velen.) Kühner & Maire differs by a rather long and slender stipe (50–90 × 3–6 mm) and smaller basidiospores (7.0–8.5(‒9.5) × 4.5–5.5 µm, average = 7.9 × 5.0 µm). Melanoleuca juliannae var. decolorans has a smaller, 25–35 mm broad, entirely dark brown pileus then pallescent to (grey-)brown from margin, a smaller, 28–45 × 3–6 mm stipe, cylindrical to slightly clavate-bulbose (up to 7 mm) at base, dark grey-brown with brown apex (Antonín et al. 2014 ). Melanoleuca luteolosperma has a uniformly pale ochraceous grey to grey, greyish brown or brown pileus with whitish outermost margin and pale ochraceous yellow or pale grey-brown stipe and slightly smaller basidiospores [(6.0‒)7.0–9.0 × (4.0‒)4.2–5.5(‒6.5) µm; average 7.7 × 5.1 µm]; Antonín et al. 2021 . Melanoleuca humilis differs by a grey-brown pileus, greyish or beige lamellae, a stipe dark watery brown when moist and greyish when dried-out and it mostly grows on ruderalised or anthropogenous habitats (Antonín et al. 2015 ). Melanoleuca brachyspora Harmaja , Karstenia 25: 44, 1985. (Figs. 5 a‒d and 6a) = Melanoleuca brevispora Harmaja, Karstenia 18: 30, 1979, non M. brevispora Singer, Sydowia 8: 115, 1954. Holotype . Finland, Varsinais-Suomi (V/Ab). Karkkila (Pyhäjärvi), Haavisto, fen 500 m E of the small lake Iitalampi, 25 Sep. 1969 leg. H. Harmaja (H 6003414!). Pileus 30–85 mm broad, convex or plano-convex, with applanate centre with almost indistinct or rather distinct broad obtuse umbo, margin reflexed and involute, not translucently striate or only slightly striate at margin, smooth, glabrous, finger test 0, entirely brownish grey (6D3, Y50M40C40) or brown to dark brown (6E7‒8, 7E‒F6‒7, Y70M50C40) and sometimes light brown (6‒7D5, Y50M30C2) at margin or sometimes with the whitish outermost margin (in places where pileipellis reach beyond lamellae). Lamellae moderately close, L = c. 40–60, l = 2–7 (irregular), emarginate and attached to shortly decurrent with tooth, ± horizontal, whitish (between S00Y00M00 a S00Y10M00), dirty cream or yellowish cream (4A3, S10Y40M10) coloured, sometimes with greyish tinge, with concolorous, uneven, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 45–100 × 4.5–10 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, subcylindrical to clavate (7‒15 mm) at base, longitudinally fibrillose, finely floccose or pubescent at apex, whitish, later pale grey-brown or light brown (6‒7D4, 7D3‒4, 7D‒E7, 6C4, Y50M30C20; Y70M50C40); basal tomentum white. Context watery whitish, fibrillose in stipe, white in stipe, without any darker base, under pileipellis brown, grey-brown in stipe cortex, with fungoid smell and mild, after short time adstringent taste. Basidiospores (5.0‒)6.0–9.0(‒9.5) × (3.8‒)4.5–7.0 µm, average = 7.32 × 5.28 µm, E = (1.09‒)1.17–1.70, Q = 1.25–1.47, broadly ellipsoid, subovoid, subamygdaloid, irregularly verruculose (warts up to 0.75 µm high), with rare connections, warts up to 0.5 × 0.5 µm, amyloid. Basidia 16–42 × 9.0–12 µm, 4-spored, clavate or subfusoid. Basidioles 14–41 × 4.0–12 µm, clavate to cylindrical. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia not seen; cystidioid hairs rarely present. Marginal cells 15–36 × 3.5–12 µm, cylindrical, clavate, fusoid, mostly irregular to subcoralloid, thin-walled, sometimes scattered. Trama hyphae cylindrical to subinflated, thin-walled, 3.0‒15 µm wide. Pileipellis an (ixo)cutis, sometimes transient to (sub)ixotrichoderm at centre, composed of radially arranged, cylindrical or subfusoid, smooth or minutely incrusted, 4.0‒10 µm wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed to (sub)erect, narrowly clavate, cylindrical, subfusoid, obtuse, thin-walled, up to 70 × 4.0‒10 µm wide. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, 3.0‒7.0 µm wide hyphae. Caulohymenium of (1) cystidia 15–60(‒95) × 2.0–12 µm, in groups, (long) cylindrical, (narrowly) clavate, (narrowly) fusoid, thin-walled, and (2) basidia, 31–38 × 8.0–11 µm, 4-spored, clavate, sometimes seem absent. Clamp connections absent. Ecology . On soil in grass and mosses under Picea abies and Salix sp., in mossy grass under Pinus on serpentinite, and a tree clearing, along the forest path, and a fire place in a spruce forest. Other specimens examined . CZECH REPUBLIC: České Švýcarsko National Park, Doubice, Divoká rokle valley, 13 Oct. 2010 leg. V. Antonín 10.384 and S. Komínková (BRNM 772200). – Ibid., leg. V. Antonín 10.391 (BRNM 829072). ‒ Český Šternberk, Vrábov, 4 Nov. 2011 leg. J. Borovička (BRNM 829069). ‒ Bernartice – Borovsko, Hadce u Želivky National Nature Monument, 26 Oct. 2012 leg. J. Borovička (BRNM 829067). ‒ Ibid., 26. Nov. 2014 leg. J. Borovička (BRNM 829068). ‒ Bernartice, 11 Nov. 2021 leg. J. Borovička (PRM 958041). ‒ Novohradské hory Mts., Malonty, Hodonický potok, 29 Sep. 2003 leg. V. Antonín 03.79 (BRNM 829070). DENMARK: Ronde, 19. Oct. 2012 leg. R. Ejrnaes (SLO1691). SLOVAKIA: Veporské vrchy Mts., Hriňová, Biele Vody, alt. 900–1000 m, 26 Sep. 2009 leg. J. Holec (Antonín 09.283, BRNM 829071). ‒ Vysoké Tatry Mts., Podbanské, 25 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičová (SLO1552). ‒ Ibid., 26 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1565, SLO1564). ‒ Vysoké Tatry Mts., Tichá dolina, 25. Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1554). ‒ Poľana, Spálený vrch, 16. Sep. 1995 leg. S. Glejdura (M363, SLO1685). Remarks . Melanoleuca brachyspora has a brownish grey, brown to dark brown pileus sometimes light brown or whitish at margin; dirty cream or yellowish cream lamellae; a pale grey-brown or light brown stipe; a white context in the stipe base; rather broad basidiospores; absent cheilocystidia; and present caulohymenium composed of simple cystidia and basidia. The holotype specimen (H 6003414) differs by the distinctly smaller basidiospores [(4.8‒)5.5–7.0(‒7.5) × (3.8‒)4.5–6.6 µm, average 6.2 × 4.9 µm] which are more distinctly subglobose to broadly ellipsoid (E = 1.10–1.40, Q = 1.26). The only one cheilocystidium of the brevipes -type, 29 × 6 µm, was observed in the specimen SLO1565 (Slovakia, Podbanské, M229) as a result of the observation of several preparations. Likewise, caulocystidia of the brevipes -type, 15‒77 × 3.0‒20 µm, with or without septum, were observed in specimens SLO1552, SLO1564 and SLO1554 (all from Slovakia, Podbanské), always the only one-two in each specimens. Because these cystidia were very rare and always unusually twisted, and may represent some aberrant cells. Related M. stridula differs by a brownish to brown context in the stipe base. Morphologically very close M. monticola differs by an always distinctly clavate or bulbose stipe base and the absence of the caulohymenium. Compared to other species without cystidia, M. acystidiata differs by slightly larger basidiospores [(6.7‒)7.2–10(‒11) × 5–7.2(‒7.5) µm, average 8.2 × 6.1 µm] (Antonín et al. 2021 ); M. microcephala differs by a differently coloured, centrally (greyish) brown or beige-grey or greyish, otherwise uniformly greyish brown pileus, a stipe usually longer than the pileus width, 22–105 × 2–5.5 mm, a pale to dark (reddish) brown to black-brown context in the stipe base and slightly larger basidiospores [7.0–9.5(‒10) × 5.0–7.0 µm, average 8.3 × 5.8 µm] (Antonín et al. 2021 ). Melanoleuca stridula (Fr.) Singer , Cavanillesia 7: 129 (1935). (Figs. 5 e and 6 c) Agaricus stridulus Fr., Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici: 85, 1836. ‒ Collybia stridula (Fr.) Quél., Mémoires de la Société d’émulation de Montbéliard II, 5: 237, 1872. ‒ Gyrophila stridula (Fr.) Quél., Enchiridion Fungorum: 28, 1886. ‒ Tricholoma stridulum (Fr.) Sartory & Maire, Synopsis du genre Tricholoma : 26, 1918. ‒ Oudemansiella stridula (Fr.) M.M. Moser, Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 19: 9, 1955 (comb. inval.). Neotype . Italia, Posatora (AN), growing on the ground, among pine needles and the grass, under Pinus halepensis , 200 m a.s.l., leg. M. Gottardi, det. R. Fontenla, M. Gottardi, R. Para (ANC M0007, Fontenla et al. 2003 ). Pileus 18–50 mm broad, broadly conical, almost applanate to applanate, depressed or slightly depressed at centre with low and broad umbo, surface of pileus sometimes with small depressions, straight, inflexed to involute at margin, finger test 0, glabrous, apparently slightly pruinose at margin, finely granulose-rugulose (lens), uniformly rather dark (grey-)brown or dark brown (6E4‒5, 6‒7E5‒7, 7E‒F6, Y90M70C60, S30Y40M20), sometimes slightly darker (7F6) at centre. Lamellae rather close, L = c. 35–50, l = 3–5, emarginate and attached to decurrent with tooth, sinuate, rather narrow (up to 6 mm), cream coloured with beige reflex, edge concolorous, pubescent, sometimes uneven. Stipe 40–95 × 2.5–6 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, cylindrical, but mostly clavate to subbulbose (up to 11 mm) at base, finely floccose-pubescent at apex, entirely (distinctly) longitudinally striate, dirty whitish, brownish or grey-brownish (Y70M50C40) at apex, grey-brown to dark brown (6D5, 6E3‒4, 7‒8E3‒4, Y90M80C80) towards base; basal tomentum white. Context whitish in pileus, fibrillose, whitish to grey-brown in stipe, brownish to dark brown or black-brown (Y90M80C80, Y90M90C90) in stipe base, with indistinct or slightly fungoid smell and mild, sometimes slightly adstringent taste. Basidiospores 6.0–8.5(‒9.0) × 4.0–6.0 µm, average = 7.3 × 5.2 µm, E = 1.16–1.80, Q = 1.32–1.59, (broadly) ellipsoid, subovoid, verruculose, warts up to 0.75 µm high irregular in size and shape, amyloid. Basidia (15‒)29–40 × 7–12 µm, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 12–35 × 4.0–12 µm, clavate, cylindrical. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia not seen; rarely rostrate marginal cells slightly similar to urticoid cheilocystidia present. Marginal cells 11–40(‒45) × 4.0–13 µm, clavate, (sub)cylindrical, subfusoid, mostly irregular, thin-walled. Trama hyphae cylindrical to subinflated, thin-walled, hyaline, non-dextrinoid, up to 12(‒20) µm wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis to subixotrichoderm (centre) composed of cylindrical, ± thin-walled, radially arranged, smooth or incrusted, non-dextrinoid, up to 10 µm wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed to erect, up to 50 × 12 µm, clavate, subfusoid, cylindrical, thin-walled; pigmentation grey in KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, ± thin-walled, up to 8.0 µm wide hyphae. Caulocystidia 20–80 × 3.0–8.0 µm, sometimes in form of urticoid cystidia of the exscissa -type, cylindrical, subulate, obtuse, thin-walled, sometimes with crystals (found in one collection), 15–38 × 5.0–8.0 µm, clavate, cylindrical, subfusoid, thin-walled (in three collections). Clamp connections absent. Ecology . On soil in grass ( Molinia ), along the roads (under Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris ) near a stream ( Picea , Sorbus aucuparia ), and in mosses on spruce wood scrap, and under Pinus on sandy soil, and under Larix decidua in a montane forest. Other specimens examined . AUSTRIA: Tyrol, Ehrwald, 4 Sep. 2011 leg. H. Huijser (Antonín 11.121, BRNM 825717). FRANCE: Hautes Alpes Dept., Arvieux, Lac de Roue, 1850 m alt., 15 Aug. 2019 leg. F.-X. Boutard (BRNM 829065). ITALY: Ravenna Prov., Parco Regionale del Delta del Po, Bedalassona, − 3 m alt., 4 Nov. 2007 leg. A. Verbeken and V. Antonín 07.406 (BRNM 761903). SLOVAKIA: Strážovské vrchy LPA, Suľovské vrchy hills, Podskalie, a stream valley SE of Podskalský Roháč Mt., alt. 480–550 m, 6 Oct. 2005 leg. V. Antonín 05.204 and M. Vašutová (BRNM 825716). ‒ Belianské tatry Mts., Tatranská Kotlina, Dolina siedmich prameňov valley, 1150–1300 m alt., 6 Sep. 2001 leg V. Antonín 01.241 (BRNM 761902). ‒ Považský Inovec, Bojná, 1. Nov. 2007 leg. L. Hagara (BRA CR 15526 and BRNM 772202). ‒ Liptovská kotlina, Hybe, 21. Oct. 2012 leg. V. Kautman (SLO1543). ‒ Vysoké Tatry, Kôprová dolina, 25. Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičová (SLO1557). ‒ Čergov, Sedlice, 18. Oct. 2008 leg. P. Kešeľák (SLO1586). Remarks . Melanoleuca stridula has small to moderately large basidiomata; a rather dark (grey-)brown or dark brown pileus, sometimes slightly darker at centre; an entirely (distinctly) longitudinally striate, grey-brown to dark brown stipe; a brownish to dark brown or black-brown context in the stipe base; absent cheilocystidia; and absent caulohymenium. The presence of several cheilocystidia of the brevipes -type, 17–35 × 6‒10 µm, were observed in the collection BRA CR 15526. The detailed historical overview of M. stridula , including the neotype proposal, was published by Fontenla et al. ( 2003 ). Lange ( 1933 ) described Tricholoma stridulum var. pallidipes J.E. Lange. This taxon was considered a form (Favre 1948 ), later a variety of M. stridula (Bon 1978 ), and, finally a separate species M. pallidipes (J.E. Lange) Bon (comb. inval., Bon 1991 ). However, Lange ( 1935 ) drawn this species with smooth spores. Therefore, it does not belong to the genus Melanoleuca . Related M. brachyspora differs by a white context in the stipe base. M. monticola differs by more robust basidiomata, slightly larger basidiospores and the constant absence of the caulohymenium. Compared to other species without cystidia, M. acystidiata differs by larger basidiospores [(6.7‒)7.2–10(‒11) × 5–7.2(‒7.5) µm, average 8.2 × 6.1 µm] (Antonín et al. 2021 ); M. microcephala differs by a differently coloured, greyish brown, beige-grey or greyish pileus, slightly larger basidiospores [7.0–9.5(‒10) × 5.0–7.0 µm, average 8.3 × 5.8 µm] (Antonín et al. 2021 ). Doubtful Taxa Melanoleuca electropoda Maire & Malençon, in Malençon & Bertault, Champignon Supérieurs du Maroc 33: 77, 1975. ≡ Melanoleuca paedida f. electropoda (Maire & Malençon) Fontenla, Para & Vizzini, Mycotaxon 118: 376, 2011. Holotype . Morocco, Bou-Jirirh, 4. Nov. 1943, herb. G. Malençon 1425, MPU. Type revision. Basidiospores 6‒7.4 × 4.8‒6 µm, average 6.70 × 5.48 µm, E = 1.02‒1.50, Q = 1.23, small, subglobose to shortly ellipsoid, with large, isolated, round warts, amyloid. Cheilocystidia rare, typically urticoid, with abundant apical crystals. Pleurocystidia not observed. Stipitipellis not observed. Pileipellis a cutis of interwoven hyphae. Remarks . Vizzini et al. ( 2011 ): Subclade A4.2 (1.0 BPP, 99% MLB) encompasses two specimens of M. paedida , M. sp. 2 (specimen ANC M0188; JN616477), and M. electropoda (specimen ANC M0187; JN616430). The two M. paedida collections are consistent with the protologue and the observations by Fontenla et al. ( 2003 ). Melanoleuca sp. 2 is an acystidiate form of M. paedida . Melanoleuca electropoda was reported by Bon ( 1991 ) as a macrocystidiate species (subg. Melanoleuca , sect. Oreineae ). After observation of typical urticoid cheilocystidia in the type collection of M. electropoda , Fontenla et al. ( 2003 ) considered M. rufipes Bon a later synonym of this species (see comments about M. rufipes above). Based on DNA sequence data, both sequences JN616430 and JN616477 of M. sp. 2 and M. electropoda group with M. paedida . The differences in several nucleotides among the sequences are crowded at the beginning or the ends of the sequences and very probably are caused by sequencing errors undetected before the sequence analyses. Both species are close also morphologically; M. paedida differs only slightly by the pileus colour and always white lamellae. Therefore M. electropoda can represent only a form of M. paedida as proposed by Vizzini et al. ( 2011 ). Melanoleuca striimarginata Métrod ex Bon, Documents Mycologiques 20 (79): 59, 1990. ≡ Melanoleuca striimarginata Métrod, Revue de Mycologie 7: 94, 1942, nom inval. Holotype . France, Champagnole, in small groups among plants and mosses in a old pasture, IX.‒X. Type revision . [ 406 – PC GMC38] Basidiospores 5.7‒9.1 × 4.8–6.7 µm, average 7.4 × 5.8 µm, E = 1.08‒1.49, Q = 1.28, with coarse warts, moderately dense, isolated or round. Cheilocystidia not seen, it is not possible to distinguish the lamellar edge with certainty. Pleurocystidia rare, fusiform macrocystidia, with pointed apex, usually devoid of crystals. Stipitipellis consisting of long and narrow hyphae, with rare cylindrical hairs, caulocystidia absent. Pileipellis not observable in the type specimen. Remarks . According to Vizzini et al. ( 2011 ) M. striimarginata belongs to their subclade A3.1 comprising four acystidiate taxa, M . striimarginata Métrod ex Bon, M. “paratristis,” M . graminicola (Velen.) Kühner & Maire, and M . angelesiana A.H. Sm. (= M. monticola here). However, their sequences of M. paratristis (MCVE12645, JF908357), M. striimarginata (ANC M0202, JN616468) and M. graminicola (ANC M0201, JN616438) group with M. stridula . Moreover, macrocystidioid pleurocystidia were found in the type species of M. striimarginata . Therefore, we consider this species an unclear taxon. Identification key to European species of the subgenus Urticocystis This key is based on Antonín et al. 2014 , 2015 , 2017 , 2021 and this publication. Remarks . The confirmation of the presence or absence of cheilocystidia is often rather difficult in species of subg. Urticocystis . If their presence is not seen in the first preparation, the microscopic observation should be to repeated with additional 4‒5 preparations to sure, if cheilocystidia are present or absent. The best places for cheilocystidia study seem to be near the lamellae insertion to the stipe. The similar problems can appear with observation of pleurocystidia and also caulocystidia or caulobasidia at the stipe (caulohymenium). The presence/absence of caulobasidia is also depending on quality of drying process when caulobasidia may easily collapse. Some species have a typically large pileus, but basidiomata having smaller pilei sometimes occur depending on growing conditions. We strongly recommend to combine both morphological and molecular data to identify species within subg. Urticocystis properly. 1a. Stipe with distinct dark brown or black-brown squamules M. verrucipes 1b. Stipe without such dark squamules 2 2a. Cheilocystidia present, in the form of macrocystidia; lamellae cream ochraceous, ochraceous brown, orangish ochraceous or salmon orange M. cognata (the only species of subg. Urticocystis with macrocystidia) 2b. Cheilocystidia present or absent, if present then only in the form of urticoid cystidia; lamellae with different colour 3 3a. Context in the stipe base white or whitish (rarely pale grey-whitish, brown-whitish or with fine orange-brown tinge in their outermost margin) 4 3b. Context in the stipe base differently coloured (orange, orange-brown, yellowish brown, rusty brown, brown, pale brown, dark brown, black-brown, grey, grey-brown, grey-blue, blue, violaceous) 14 4a. Pleurocystidia absent 5 4b. Pleurocystidia present 12 5a. Cheilocystidia absent 6 5b. Cheilocystidia present 9 6a. Caulocystidia absent M. paedida 6b. Caulocystidia present 7 7a. Pileus 20‒50 mm broad; stipe 30‒70 × 2‒7 mm, cylindrical or only slightly broadened at base M. acystidiata 7b. Basidioma usually larger, pileus 25‒175 mm broad and stipe 30‒100 × 3‒17 mm; stipe always broadened, clavate to distinctly bulbose at base 8 8a. Pileus 25‒175 mm broad; stipe 30‒80(‒155) × 3‒17 mm, surface rather distinctly longitudinally fibrillose or longitudinally striate, entirely (especially at apex), floccose M. monticola 8b. Pileus 30‒85 mm broad; stipe 45‒100 × 4.5‒10 mm, only at apex finely floccose or pubescent M. brachyspora 9a. Stipe small 5–25 × 2.5–5 mm M. galbuserae 9b. Stipe larger (longer and/or wider) 10 10a. Basidioma robust, pileus 54–170(‒260) mm broad, stipe width 7–15 mm M. grammopodia 10b. Basidioma smaller, pileus 20–75 mm broad, stipe width 2–10 mm 11 11a. Cheilocystidia 18–50 × 5–11 µm, scattered M. graminicola 11b. Cheilocystidia 50–74 × 5–10 µm, very numerous M. paedida 12a. Caulocystidia absent M. paedida 12b. Caulocystidia present 13 13a. Stipe 20–70 × 2.5–7 mm, caulobasidia present M. exscissa 13b. Stipe 50–60 × 7–11 mm, caulobasidia absent M. rasilis 14a. Context in the stipe base with blue, blue-grey (or violaceous) shades M. juliannae 14b. Context in the stipe base without blue, blue-grey (or violaceous) shades 15 15a. Purpurascens or red tinges at the stipe base M. rufipes 15b. Not such colours at the stipe base 16 16a. Margin of the pileus white M. luteolosperma 16b. Margin of the pileus not white 17 17a. Context in the stipe base pale yellowish/orange M. castaneofusca 17b. Context in the stipe base differently coloured (darker) 18 18a. Caulobasidia present 19 18b. Caulobasidia absent 20 19a. Mainly 4-spored, but also less frequent 2-spored, clavate caulobasidia present M. stepposa 19b. Mainly (always?) 2-spored, clavate caulobasidia present M. malenconii 20a. Cheilocystidia absent 21 20b. Cheilocystidia present 23 21a. Average length of basidiospores over 8.3 µm M. microcephala 21b. Average length of basidiospores under 8.3 µm 22 22a. Pileus uniformly rather dark (grey-)brown or dark brown, sometimes slightly darker at centre M. stridula 22b. Pileus whitish grey, grey-brown, dark brown, pallescent up to ochraceous brown to brown, margin paler than centre in young specimens M. fontenlae 23a. Caulocystidia absent 24 23b. Caulocystidia present 26 24a. Lamellae grey (greyish when young) M. tristis 24b. Lamellae white to whitish or cream coloured (sometimes with greyish reflex), then pale ochraceous or greyish, with beige reflex 25 25a. Spores (broadly) ellipsoid, verruculose, warts mostly irregularly shaped and sized, sometimes up to 0.75 µm high, sometimes with rare ridges M. fontenlae 25b. Spores ellipsoid, less frequently fusoid-ellipsoid, verruculose, warts isolated, rarely connected, up to 1.0 µm high M. graminicola 26a. Cheilocystidia mainly of the exscissa -type 27 26b. Cheilocystidia mainly of the brevipes -type 31 27a. Only other than urticoid caulocystidia present 28 27b. Urticoid caulocystidia present (but other type of caulocystidia may be also present) 29 28a. Stipe dark yellowish brown, basally blackish brown M. zaaminensis 28b. Stipe pale ochraceous (ochraceous-grey, grey) M. diverticulata 29a. Lamellae grey (greyish when young) M. tristis 29b. Lamellae white to whitish or cream-coloured (sometimes with greyish reflex), then pale ochraceous or greyish, with beige reflex 30 30a. Spores (broadly) ellipsoid, verruculose, warts mostly irregularly shaped and sized, sometimes up to 0.75 µm high, sometimes with rare ridges M. fontenlae 30b. Spores ellipsoid, less frequently fusoid-ellipsoid, verruculose, warts isolated, rarely connected, up to 1.0 µm high M. graminicola 31a. Urticoid caulocystidia absent M. zaaminensis 31b. Urticoid caulocystidia present (but other type of caulocystidia may be also present) 32 32a. Only urticoid caulocystidia present M. juliannae var. decolorans 32b. Urticoid caulocystidia and also other type of caulocystidia present 33 33a. Lamellae crowded, L = c. 70–80, l = 3–4 M. humilis 33b. Lamellae moderately close to rather close, L = c. 30–65, l = 2–5 34 34a. Pileus uniformly rather dark (grey-)brown, sometimes slightly darker at centre M. stridula 34b. Pileus whitish grey, grey-brown, dark brown, pallescent up to ochraceous brown to brown, margin paler than centre in young specimens 35 35a. Stipe brownish orange at apex, brown to dark brown towards base M. romanensis 35b. Stipe lustrous whitish to slightly brownish at apex, ochraceous yellowish to brownish at centre, dark grey-brown towards base M. fontenlae Discussion The taxonomic revision of European Melanoleuca subg. Urticocystis revealed several examples of taxonomic problems: A) Incorrectly used name because type specimens belong to another species. In such cases the new name should be proposed. This issue was revealed at M. monticola (up to now treated as American species M. angelesiana ) in this study. Melanoleuca fontenlae (treated in past as M. pseudopaedida – the type of M. pseudopaedida is conspecific with M. luteolosperma ) and M. acystidiata (treated as M. robertiana – the type of M. robertiana belongs to M. pallidicutis having macrocystidia) are another example of this phenomenon (Antonín et al. 2021 , 2022 ). B) Phylogeneticaly different but morphologicaly and ecologicaly similar species across the continents deserve attention of fungal taxonomists – M. acystidiata has a North American sister species M. aff. acystidiata. In general, Melanoleuca diversity in North America deserve a separate study. C) Rather high variability in ITS sequences of several species ( M. castaneofusca, M. exscissa, M. luteolosperma, M. stridula ) which is not supported by the sequence variability of other genes (Antonín et al. 2017 , 2021 ; this study). Special attention could be paid to M. diverticulata – M. rasilis group. Although the species have identical ITS and tef1 sequences, they differ in rpb2 (Antonín et al. 2017 ). The species are kept separately due to morphological differences, but the detailed study of more specimens the taxa is desirable. During description of new species special attention should be paid on DNA sequence data processing, especially if the new species is based on a single collection: Recently proposed Melanoleuca chalcibasis Voto, Maraia & Milanese (Voto et al. 2021 ) was delimited due to isolated position of the sequences of the specimen in the ITS, tef1a and concatenated phylogentic trees. Anyway, after examination of the sequences of holotype specimen (MZ621144 − ITS, MZ962408 − tef1) kindly provided by the 1st author of the paper, the substantial errors were revealed: about 105 first nucleotide positions in ssu-ITS1 region are completely erroneous (Suppl. Figure 1) and therefore biased the phylogenetic analyses. If these erroneous nucletides are excluded, the ITS sequence undoubtly groups among M. luteolosperma specimens. Therefore M. chalcibasis is a synonym of M. luteolosperma. The similar but less serious problem of erroneous nucleotides (especially at the beginnings or ends of sequences) occur at tef1 sequence of this paper and several ITS sequences published by Vizzini et al. ( 2011 ). During our previous studies (Antonín et al. 2014 , 2015 , 2017 , 2021 ) the phylogenetic position of two remarkable species ‒ M. cognata and M. verrucipes was recognized. Both species are morphologicaly easily distinguishable. Melanoleuca verrucipes is especially characterized by the presence of dark brown to black-brown squamules on the white stipe, which is a unique character in this genus. Melanoleuca cognata is distinguishable by its orange-yellow to darker brown pileus, orange-yellow to salmon buff coloured lamellae, an ochraceous brown stipe, and its occurrence in spring (Boekhout 1988 ). While M. verrucipes has a basal position of M exscissa group and is likely to be closely related to M exscissa , M. cognata has an isolated position between the two, M exscissa and M. castaneofusca groups but more closely related to the later (Fig. 1 ). The presence of macrocystidia at M. cognata obviously does not refer to relationship of this species to subg. Melanoleuca , where macrocystidia dominate in hymenium but is an apomorphic character of the species. Declarations Statements & Declarations No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Funding The studies of V.A. and H.Š. were made possible by the support provided to the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development program for research institutions (DKRVO, ref. MK000094862). The research of T.K. and M. T. was supported by the Czech Ministry for Education, Youth and Sports and the European Regional Development Fund for financing the Project Phytophthora Research Centre Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000453. The research of O. Ď. was supported by VEGA: VEGA 1/0749/21. Competing Interests All authors declare they have no financial interests. Author Contributions All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and data analysis were performed by Vladimír Antonín, Ondrej Ďuriška, Soňa Jančovičová, Tomáš Kudláček, Roberto Para, Hana Ševčíková and Michal Tomšovský. The figures were prepared by Vladimír Antonín, Soňa Jančovičová and Michal Tomšovský. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Vladimír Antonín, Ondrej Ďuriška, Hana Ševčíková and Michal Tomšovský] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Data Availability The data generated during and analysed during the current study are available in the NCBI repository. Acknowledgements We thank the curators of the ANC, H, LIP, MPU, PC, PRM, and SLO herbaria for loans of the type and other specimens, and S. Adamčík (Slovakia), M.T. Basso (Italy), M. Beran (Czech Republic), J. Borovička (Czech Republic), F.-X. Boutard (France), M. Caboň (Slovakia), R. Ejrnaes (Denmark), H. Forstinger (Austria), S. Glejdura (Slovakia), L. Hagara (Slovakia), A. Hausknecht (Austria), J. Holec (Czech Republic), H. Huijser (The Netherlands), D. Janda (Czech Republic), O. Jindřich (Czech Republic), V. Kautman (Slovakia), S. Komínková (Czech Republic), J. Novotný (Czech Republic), P. Kešeľák (Slovakia), E. Suarez (Spain), M. Vašutová (Czech Republic), and A. Verbeken (Belgium) for providing their collections for our studies and our herbaria. R.P. also thanks his friend Roberto Fontenla for collaboration in the study of this genus. The authors also wish to thank Roman Plichta (Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic), for help with the SEM microphotography of the basidiospores. The studies of V.A. and H.Š. were made possible by the support provided to the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development program for research institutions (DKRVO, ref. MK000094862). The research of T.K. and M.T. was supported by the Czech Ministry for Education, Youth and Sports and the European Regional Development Fund for financing the Project Phytophthora Research Centre Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000453. The research of O.Ď. was supported by VEGA Scientific Grant Agency: VEGA 1/0749/21. References Antonín V, Ďuriška O, Jančovičová S, Tomšovský M (2015) Identity of Agaricus brevipes Bull. ( Melanoleuca brevipes , Tricholomataceae, Basidiomycota). 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Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, pp 347–352 Vizzini A, Para R, Fontenla R, Ghignone S, Ercole E (2011) A preliminary ITS phylogeny of Melanoleuca (Agaricales) with special reference to European taxa. Mycotaxon 118:361–381. https://doi:10.5248/118.361 Voto P, Maraia G, Milanese V (2021) Melanoleuca chalcibasis sp. nov. from the Bosco Nordio (Italy). Mycol Obs 1:35–43 Yu XD, Lv SX, Ma D, Li FF, Lin Y, Zhang L (2014) Two new species of Melanoleuca (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from northeastern China, supported by morphological and molecular data. Mycoscience 55:456–461. https://doi:10.1016/j.myc .. 2014.01.007 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files AntoninetalMelanoleucaSupplFig1.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2404494","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":162404748,"identity":"2e635ff0-cb1e-4d0a-9919-9dec4cf0fc49","order_by":0,"name":"Vladimír Antonín","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAArElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACCQZ+UpQzNoC0SDaQqIWBweAAseoNjp89/uDjDos842vHn25gqKkjQsuZvMTGmWckis1uJ6TdYDjGRliLZEOOYTNvm0TittsJx24wNvAQoaX/DUTL5tmJbUAtEoS18EtAbdkgncwG1GJAjJY3hjNnArXMuJ3GdiPhWAJhLWz8OQYfPrbVJfbPTn924wMxIYYKiLBjFIyCUTAKRgExAACeETjI9HIBEAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Moravian Museum","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vladimír","middleName":"","lastName":"Antonín","suffix":""},{"id":162404749,"identity":"2b2b267d-a796-4457-8859-ac23157a2c3e","order_by":1,"name":"Ondrej Ďuriška","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Comenius University in Bratislava","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ondrej","middleName":"","lastName":"Ďuriška","suffix":""},{"id":162404750,"identity":"6c8172eb-2cdb-4f2d-8858-b4a3aac3029a","order_by":2,"name":"Soňa Jančovičová","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Comenius University in Bratislava","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Soňa","middleName":"","lastName":"Jančovičová","suffix":""},{"id":162404751,"identity":"8f46d4a5-03f8-4025-9f7e-288cc3469ce0","order_by":3,"name":"Tomáš Kudláček","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mendel University in Brno","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tomáš","middleName":"","lastName":"Kudláček","suffix":""},{"id":162404752,"identity":"2e824cc7-5050-4cb5-a0af-b5b4fff58d9c","order_by":4,"name":"Roberto Para","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Via Martiri di via Fani 22","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Roberto","middleName":"","lastName":"Para","suffix":""},{"id":162404753,"identity":"d17bc5e0-4c20-4169-b0f9-f9ff1b7f8cbb","order_by":5,"name":"Hana Ševčíková","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Moravian Museum","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hana","middleName":"","lastName":"Ševčíková","suffix":""},{"id":162404754,"identity":"a37fbf14-aa57-4ae0-a6c7-0d99e0fb7c95","order_by":6,"name":"Michal Tomšovský","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mendel University in Brno","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michal","middleName":"","lastName":"Tomšovský","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-12-22 09:44:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2404494/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2404494/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":31023838,"identity":"2ae1d772-be5b-4983-88a9-153828c6bb49","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-03 14:26:34","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":3673613,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe phylogenetic tree of the ITS region based on Maximum Likelihood analysis (for legend to specimen numbers, see TABLE 1). Numbers at branches indicate maximum likelihood bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability values. The asterisks (*) mark low support (\u0026lt;75 in maximum likelihood; \u0026lt;90 in Bayesian analysis). The bar indicates the number of expected substitutions per position.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"AntoninetalMelanoleucaFig1ITS.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2404494/v1/6447d4567fcd567fe75010f9.jpg"},{"id":31023844,"identity":"01120521-404e-45a7-8cc9-a66bbb82b4b9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-03 14:26:34","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":2548935,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe phylogenetic tree of ITS-rpb2-tef1 regions based on Bayesian inference (for legend to specimen numbers, see TABLE 1). Numbers at branches indicate maximum likelihood bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probability values. The bar indicates the number of expected substitutions per position.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"AntoninetalMelanoleucaFig2ITSrpb2tefnew.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2404494/v1/777bc0ee016ecf1677df6851.jpg"},{"id":31025675,"identity":"2440d384-4ad4-474c-9abb-644507e61eb4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-03 14:34:34","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6257484,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBasidiomata of \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca monticola \u003c/em\u003esp. nov. a (SLO1556, holotype), b (SLO1558), c (SLO1550), d (SLO1559), e (SLO1553), f (BRNM 829076).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"AntoninetalMelanoleucaFig3Melanoleuca1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2404494/v1/5f8e13c492b626cb0fe10ffe.jpg"},{"id":31023840,"identity":"83b2733c-a46b-402d-adb3-e191b04d056c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-03 14:26:34","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6031132,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBasidiomata of \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca graminicola\u003c/em\u003e.\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003ea\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e(BRNM 829064, epitype), b (SLO1531), c (SLO1619), d (SLO1626); basidiomata of \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca romanensis \u003c/em\u003esp. nov. e and f (BRNM 829059).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"AntoninetalMelanoleucaFig4Melanoleuca2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2404494/v1/8bb1ad66b6230b01c67472a7.jpg"},{"id":31023841,"identity":"14f21e3a-8954-4f6e-85d1-47d8c5188c8e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-03 14:26:34","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6289614,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e.\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003ea\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e(PRM 958041), b (BRNM 772200), c (SLO1554), d (SLO1564); basidiomata of \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca stridula\u003c/em\u003e.\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003ee (BRNM 825717), f (SLO1557).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"AntoninetalMelanoleucaFig5Melanoleuca3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2404494/v1/ba3948194bf4bed769540745.jpg"},{"id":31023842,"identity":"e2bb3228-2fe4-4508-bac7-2165eefe0ad0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-03 14:26:34","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":9597481,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSEM microphotographs of \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003ebasidiospores. a. \u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e (BRNM 829070), b. \u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e (BRNM 829062), c. \u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e (BRNM 653033), d. \u003cem\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/em\u003e (BRNM 829060), e. \u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e (BRNM 829065). Photo R. Plichta and M. Tomšovský.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"AntoninetalMelanoleucaFig6SEM.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2404494/v1/ad3ceff75d94c613a3921ddc.jpg"},{"id":31263924,"identity":"54b42c12-6cb5-48ee-9963-c94b4af2db25","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-08 01:14:30","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2068034,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2404494/v1/ac6978f4-a04d-4a9c-a490-a4cd272e0d23.pdf"},{"id":31023839,"identity":"b3b41cd9-baeb-4c6b-9e73-2d9d56aed768","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-01-03 14:26:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":613829,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AntoninetalMelanoleucaSupplFig1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2404494/v1/e41060fa38cbd895b6d78cda.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Melanoleuca monticola and M. romanensis, two new European species of Melanoleuca, and comments to M. graminicola group","fulltext":[{"header":"Highlights","content":"\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDescription of two new species of the agaricoid genus \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e from Europe.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMultigene analysis based on a combined three genes dataset.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eA key to the identification of the European species of \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e, subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e Pat. is a morphologically well-defined genus of agaricomycetous fungi (Agaricales, incertae sedis; He at al. 2019), characterized by colourless basidiospores with amyloid ornamentation and the absence of clamp connections (e.g. Boekhout \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e; Bon \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e; Vizzini et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e Vesterholt \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). Anyway, the most \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e species have the substantial morphological variability and macro- or micromorphological characters are overlapping in many cases, therefore these characters are not sufficient for identification at species level. The using of DNA sequences may be necessary for identification of some problematic taxa (e.g., Vizzini et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e; Yu et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The genus currently includes over 440 validly published names (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.indexfungorum.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.indexfungorum.org\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, accessed on 3 June 2022) and around 60 species globally accepted (He et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the past, different concepts of intrageneric classifications were published (e. g. M\u0026eacute;trod \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1948\u003c/span\u003e; Singer \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1986\u003c/span\u003e; K\u0026uuml;hner \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e; Boekhout \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e; Bon \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e). Recently, two subgenera within the genus are recognized, subg. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e emend. Fontenla, Para \u0026amp; Vizzini characterized by macrocystidia in hymenium, and subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e Boekhout including species with urticocystidia or completely lacking any cystidia in hymenium (Vizzini et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince 2012, \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e has been a subject of extensive taxonomical revision, focused on European taxa (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e; Ďuriška et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) revised European species of the subg. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e and delimited 11 species within the subgenus: \u003cem\u003eM. albomarginata\u003c/em\u003e Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ďuriška, Jančovičov\u0026aacute;, Para \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;, \u003cem\u003eM. ammophila\u003c/em\u003e Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ďuriška, Jančovičov\u0026aacute;, Para \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;, \u003cem\u003eM. bataillei\u003c/em\u003e Malen\u0026ccedil;on, \u003cem\u003eM. cavipes\u003c/em\u003e M\u0026eacute;trod ex Bon, \u003cem\u003eM. friesii\u003c/em\u003e (Bres.) Bon, \u003cem\u003eM. granadensis\u003c/em\u003e Armada, \u003cem\u003eM. melaleuca\u003c/em\u003e (Pers.) Murrill, \u003cem\u003eM. pallidicutis\u003c/em\u003e Bresinsky, \u003cem\u003eM. polioleuca\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) K\u0026uuml;hner \u0026amp; Maire, \u003cem\u003eM. strictipes\u003c/em\u003e (P. Karst.) Jul. Sch\u0026auml;ff. and \u003cem\u003eM. variabilis\u003c/em\u003e Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ďuriška, Jančovičov\u0026aacute;, Para \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTaxonomic revision of European species of the subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e was subject of series of studies (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Till now, 20 taxa of the subgenus were recognized and delimited: \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e Para, Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ševč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute;, Ďuriška \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;, \u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/em\u003e Contu, \u003cem\u003eM. cognata\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Konrad \u0026amp; Maubl., \u003cem\u003eM. diverticulata\u003c/em\u003e G. Moreno \u0026amp; Bon, \u003cem\u003eM. exscissa\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.: Fr.) Singer, \u003cem\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/em\u003e Para, Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ďuriška, Ševč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;, \u003cem\u003eM. galbuserae\u003c/em\u003e Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ševč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute;, Para \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;, \u003cem\u003eM. grammopodia\u003c/em\u003e (Bull. : Fr.) Pat., \u003cem\u003eM. humilis\u003c/em\u003e (Pers.) Pat., \u003cem\u003eM. juliannae\u003c/em\u003e Rim\u0026oacute;czi, Anton\u0026iacute;n, L. Nagy \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute; and \u003cem\u003eM. juliannae\u003c/em\u003e var. \u003cem\u003edecolorans\u003c/em\u003e Anton\u0026iacute;n \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;, \u003cem\u003eM. luteolosperma\u003c/em\u003e (Britzelm.) Singer, \u003cem\u003eM. malenconii\u003c/em\u003e Bon (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e), M. \u003cem\u003emicrocephala\u003c/em\u003e (P. Karst.) Singer, \u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) K\u0026uuml;hner \u0026amp; Maire, \u003cem\u003eM. rasilis\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Singer, \u003cem\u003eM. stepposa\u003c/em\u003e Vacek, \u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Singer, \u003cem\u003eM. tristis\u003c/em\u003e M.M. Moser, and \u003cem\u003eM. verrucipes\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Singer.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis work continues in the taxonomical revisions focused on an European taxon confused with \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e A.H. Sm. and delimitation of four species, \u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e Harmaja, \u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e (Velen.) K\u0026uuml;hner \u0026amp; Maire, \u003cem\u003eM. rufipes\u003c/em\u003e Bon and \u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Singer. Delimitation of the remaining species formally encloses taxonomical revision of the genus \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e in Europe. A key to identification of the European species of subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e is published.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Material And Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMorphological analyses\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study is based on collections of fresh basidiomata made during field surveys in Europe deposited in various herbaria, especially ANC, BRNM and SLO. Six \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e type specimens preserved in the following herbaria were included in this study: ANC [\u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca stridula\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Singer], H [\u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e Harmaja], LIP [\u003cem\u003eM. rufipes\u003c/em\u003e Bon], MPU (\u003cem\u003eM. electropoda\u003c/em\u003e Maire \u0026amp; Malen\u0026ccedil;on), PC (\u003cem\u003eM. striimarginata\u003c/em\u003e M\u0026eacute;trod), PRM [\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e (Velen.) Maire \u0026amp; K\u0026uuml;hner]. Macroscopic descriptions of collected specimens are given of fresh basidiomata. Colour abbreviations follow Kornerup and Wanscher (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1983\u003c/span\u003e) and K\u0026uuml;ppers (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e), and herbarium abbreviations follow Thiers (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Authors of fungal names are cited according to the Authors of Fungal Names web page (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.indexfungorum.org/AuthorsOfFungalNames.htm\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.indexfungorum.org/AuthorsOfFungalNames.htm\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e). Microscopic features are described from dried material mounted in KOH, Melzer's reagent, and Congo Red, using an Olympus BX-50 light microscope (Japan) with a magnification of 400\u0026times; and 1000\u0026times;. Finger test (Bon \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e) means that the finger print is visible at the pileus surface after touching. For basidiospores, the factors E (quotient of length and width in any one spore) and Q (mean of E-values) are used. For lamellae, L is the number of entire lamellae and l is the number of lamellulae tiers between each pair of entire lamellae. Characters of cheilocystidia are defined according to Vizzini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). The caulohymenium, formed especially on the stipe apex surface in some \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e species, is a layer composed of caulobasidioles, caulocystidia and sporulating caulobasidia. It is comparable with the hymenium of the hymenophore in many respects (Šutara \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e). Scanning electron microphotographs of basidiospores were taken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) device Vega 4 LMU (TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic). The microscopic structures were coated with a 10 nm gold layer using a Luxor Gold coater (LUXOR Tech, Nazareth, Belgium) before the microscopy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDna Sequence Dataset\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDNA from dried fungal material was isolated and three genes (ITS region of ribosomal RNA gene\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;ITS; RNA polymerase II, the second largest subunit\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;rpb2; translation elongation factor 1-alpha\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;tef1) were amplified according to Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). In the case of older type specimens the genus-specific primers for the Melanoleuca-targeting ITS2 region (MELITS2F/MELITS2R) developed by Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) were applied for amplification. The two datasets were the subject of phylogenetic analyses. The ITS-only dataset contained of all specimens including the type specimens whereas the combined multilocus ITS- rpb2-tef1 dataset contained selected representatives of each species. The sequences were aligned using MAFFT, version 7 online program, setting up the Q-INS-i option (Katoh and Toh \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe datasets were enriched with sequences published mostly by Vizzini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e), Osmundson et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), S\u0026aacute;nchez-Garc\u0026iacute;a et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e), Yu et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e), Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). The aligned ITS dataset was 785 bp long and included 484 conserved, 286 variable, and 36 singleton positions as determined in the MEGA X program version 10.1.8 (Kumar et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The combined ITS- rpb2-tef1 dataset was 2751 bp long (1645 conserved, 1073 variable, and 142 singleton positions). The DNA sequences of two-three species from subg. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e were selected as the outgroup for both ITS only and multilocus datasets.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePhylogenetic Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth datasets were subjected to maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) phylogenetic analyses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor each gene best-fit partitioning scheme was found with PartitionFinder 2 (Lanfear et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) based on codon positions as data blocks using the corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). For both datasets, the analysis was performed for both linked and unlinked branch lengths with the results being exactly the same in both cases. All possible partitioning schemes were analysed (the option search\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;all;). The resulting partitioning schemes were as follows: A) ITS ‒ all three codon positions were merged into one partition. B) rpb2 ‒ each codon position was selected as a separate partition. C) tef1 ‒ the first codon position was selected as a separate partition, the second and third positions together formed another partition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eML phylogenetic inference was performed with RAxML-NG 1.1.0 (Kozlov et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). The best-fitting evolutionary model for each partition was selected by PartitionFinder 2 (Lanfear et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The set of all 84 available models was used that included also models with base frequencies estimated by ML (the option models\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;allx;). The number of bootstraps was determined using the MRE-based bootstopping test (Pattengale et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). The cutoff value was set to 0.01 (the option --bs-cutoff 0.01). As a branch support Transfer Bootstrap Expectation metric (Lemoine et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) was computed. The support values were mapped onto the best-scoring tree.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBI was carried out using BEAST 2 (Bouckaert et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). In both analyses the uncorrelated log-normal relaxed molecular clock was used (Drummond et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e). Substitution models for individual partitions were selected automatically via model averaging implemented in the bModelTest package (Bouckaert and Drummond \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). For both analyses Metropolis coupled MCMC (MC3) was applied using CoupledMCMC package (M\u0026uuml;ller and Bouckaert \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). Four chains were used \u0026ndash; three heated and one cold. The chain length was always set to 20,000. 000 and every 5000th generation was sampled. Target switch probability was set to 0.234 (Kone and Kofke \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Atchad\u0026eacute; et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) and the 25% burn-in was used. The posterior parameter estimates were summarised using Tracer 1.7.1 (Rambaut et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Quality of the estimates was assessed based on visual analysis of the trace plots and ESS values \u0026ndash; the ESS value\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;200 indicated proper sampling (standard approach). Parameter estimates were summarized with TreeAnnotator 2.6.0 (part of BEAST 2) and mapped onto the 50% majority-rule consensus tree created with SumTrees 4.4.0 (Sukumaran and Holder \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Edge lengths were calculated as mean lengths for the corresponding edges in the input set of trees.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePhylogeny\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetic analyses confirmed separate position of previously recognised species (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, the position of \u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e within subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e excluded from the previous research is clarified (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The multigene analyses confirmed the structure of the two main \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e species groups named in previous papers (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) as the \u003cem\u003eM. exscissa\u003c/em\u003e and the \u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/em\u003e groups. The position of apomorphic \u003cem\u003eM. cognata\u003c/em\u003e is closer to the \u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/em\u003e group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe separation of some species (\u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA ‒ see details below) is not statistically supported by analyses of the ITS-only dataset (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), but are well delimited by the multilocus data analyses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sequenced specimens analysed in the study. The newly obtained sequences are marked in bold.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecies\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCountry, locality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerbarium specimen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenbank acc. No. (ITS)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenbank acc. No. (rpb2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenbank acc. No. (tef1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, South Tyrol, St. Jacob in Val di Vizze\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eANC M0205,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eholotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN616462\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitzerland, Davos, Schatzalp\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 772203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491319\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488154\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA, Colorado, Front Range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDBG 28118\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394180\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA, Colorado, Caribou trail head, Roosevelt NF\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDGB 28732\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394181\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA, Colorado, Caribou creek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDGB 39834\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394182\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454885\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA, Washington, Olympic Mts., Lake Angels\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAFS 11438, syntype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491318\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA, Idaho, Payette Nat. Forest, near Brundage Reservoir\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNY 1772313,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOKM26930\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394183\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454886\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA, Idaho, Payette Nat. Forest, Brundage Reservoir Road\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNY 1927565,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOKM26963\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394184\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454887\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinland, Varsinais-Suomi, Karkkila, Haavisto\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eH 6003414, holotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394185\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Novohradsk\u0026eacute; hory Mts., Malonty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829070\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394186\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1565\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394189\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Česk\u0026eacute; Šv\u0026yacute;carsko National Park, Doubice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 772200\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394187\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454888\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454872\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Veporsk\u0026eacute; vrchy Mts., Hriňov\u0026aacute;, Biele Vody\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829071\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394188\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454889\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454873\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1552\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394190\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454890\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454874\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurkey\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGB65588\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMG989685\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Ravenna, Pineta di S. Vitale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 761900\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491323\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Hořovice, Osek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 761901\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491320\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUK, England, Surrey, Kew, Royal Botanic Gardens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eK(M)92562\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491321\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488157\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. cognata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSweden, V\u0026auml;sterg\u0026ouml;tland, Trollh\u0026auml;ttan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGB65454\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJX429190\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. cognata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Toulovcovy maštale Nature Reserve\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 699542\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394191\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454891\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454875\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. diverticulata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Bratislava, Lamač\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1566\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594155\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594172\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. exscissa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHungary, B\u0026aacute;torliget\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 772198\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. exscissa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Mokrsko\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 781061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594191\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. exscissa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Ravenna, Pineta di S. Vitale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 781066\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594190\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594174\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Ravenna district, Lido di Dante, holotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 772194, holotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491326\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488173\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Cerov\u0026aacute; vrchovina Mts., Vlčia dolina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSAV F-3823\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491327\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488174\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. friesii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 817799\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT270866\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT268606\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT268581\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. galbuserae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Trentino, Pozza di Fassa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMCVE4505, E. Bizio 1994-08-06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJF908351\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488160\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. galbuserae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, South Tyrol, Solda\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 825710\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491333\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488161\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN616438\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Toulovcovy maštale Nature Reserve\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829064, epitype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394192\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Str\u0026aacute;žovsk\u0026eacute; vrchy Mts., Pružina-Priedhorie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829062\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394193\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Z\u0026aacute;padn\u0026eacute; Beskydy, Oravsk\u0026aacute; polhora, Slan\u0026aacute; voda\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1523\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394194\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454892\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454876\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Z\u0026aacute;padn\u0026eacute; Beskydy, M\u0026uacute;tne, M\u0026uacute;tňansk\u0026aacute; p\u0026iacute;la\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1532\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394195\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454893\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454877\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Veľk\u0026aacute; Fatra Mts, Liptovsk\u0026eacute; Rev\u0026uacute;ce, Zelen\u0026aacute; dolina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1623\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394196\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454895\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454879\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Z\u0026aacute;padn\u0026eacute; Beskydy, M\u0026uacute;tne, M\u0026uacute;tňansk\u0026aacute; p\u0026iacute;la\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1527\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394197\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454894\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454878\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSweden, Gotland, Viklau\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGB65588\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJX429216\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. grammopodia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Třemošnice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 762047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. grammopodia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Veľk\u0026aacute; Fatra Mts., Vrchl\u0026uacute;ky\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1463\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKP192264\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. grammopodia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Liptovsk\u0026eacute; Rev\u0026uacute;ce\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1468\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKP192267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279051\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. grammopodia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Liptovsk\u0026eacute; Rev\u0026uacute;ce\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1466\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKP192269\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. griseobrunnea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth Korea, Taean Peninsula, Deoksung\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 781058\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594152\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594165\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. humilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Přerov\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 751965\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ425530\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279057\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ425543\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. humilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Kroměř\u0026iacute;ž\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 710023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ425531\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279055\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ425544\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. humilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Česk\u0026eacute; Budějovice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCB\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKP192290\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279056\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279052\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. juliannae\u003c/em\u003e var. \u003cem\u003edecolorans\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Altino di Montemonaco\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 751960, holotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ425532\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ425545\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. juliannae\u003c/em\u003e var. \u003cem\u003ejuliannae\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHungary, Budapest, R\u0026aacute;kospalota\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBP 104371, holotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ425539\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKJ425552\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. leucopoda\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHMAS 267626\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF220638\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. longisterigma\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMexico, Veracruz\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eENCB, Guzm\u0026aacute;n 19274\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJX429211\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. luteolosperma\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Velk\u0026aacute; Fatra Mts., Lubochňa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 761907\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491328\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. luteolosperma\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Srbsko,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 817820\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491329\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488178\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. malenconii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Roudnice nad Labem\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 762051\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKP192275\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279062\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. malenconii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Bratislava\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1455\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKP192277\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279063\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKT279054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. microcephala\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Velk\u0026aacute; Fatra Mts., Ružomberok, Skaln\u0026aacute; Alpa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 817787\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491334\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488179\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. microcephala\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Velk\u0026aacute; Fatra Mts., Ružomberok, Skaln\u0026aacute; Alpa\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 817788\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491335\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488180\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488165\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1556, holotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394198\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454897\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454881\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Pohoř\u0026iacute; na Šumavě\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829076\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394200\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454896\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454880\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Veľk\u0026aacute; Fatra Mts., Vlkol\u0026iacute;nec\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1597\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394201\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454898\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454882\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Trsten\u0026aacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 653033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394199\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eANC M0203\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN616420\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Lombardy, Lago Cancano di Valfurva\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eR. Para 010907-02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491337\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488181\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Calabria, Colamauci di Celico\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eANC M0189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN616452\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. porphyropoda\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHMAS 267624, holotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKF220640\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. rasilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Monti Sibillini National Park\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 751967\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594154,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594187\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Ravenna, Lido di Dante\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 772193,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eholotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394202\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454900\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Ravenna, Pineta Ramazzotti and dunes di Lido di Dante\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394203\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454899\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Ravenna, Pineta di Classe, part Pinarella-Bosconi\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829060\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394204\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/em\u003e, sp. nov.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Ravenna, Pineta di Classe, Anello di Dante\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394205\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. stepposa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Ivančice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 781064\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594150\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594162\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. stepposa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Brno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 781099\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594177\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594163\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. strictipes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Star\u0026eacute; Hamry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 737301\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKY417098\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT268613\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMT268561\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Podskalie\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 825716\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491340\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustria, Ehrwald\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 825717\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491338\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Liptovsk\u0026yacute; Hr\u0026aacute;dok, Hybe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1543\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW491339\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488183\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMW488168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eANC M0007, neotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN616467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Považsk\u0026yacute; Inovec Mts., Bojn\u0026aacute;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 772202\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394206\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454901\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454883\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrance, Hautes Alpes Dept., Arvieux, Lac de Roue\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 829065\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394207\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. striimarginata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eANC M0202\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJN616468\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. tristis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Třeboň\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 772197\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594137\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594184\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594168\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. tristis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly, Ravenna, Pineta di S. Vitale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 772192\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594183\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. tristis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Lakš\u0026aacute;rska Nov\u0026aacute; Ves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1607\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594139\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594185\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594169\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. tristis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSlovakia, Šašt\u0026iacute;n\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSLO 1671\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594140\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594186\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. verrucipes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAFTOL-ID 818\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDQ490642\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. verrucipes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Hluboš\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 771972\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP394208\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454902\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOP454884\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eM. zaaminensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUzbekistan, Pamiro-Altai Mts., Kulsai\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTAAM 121360, holotype\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e sp. Czechia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCzech Republic, Ivančice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 781065\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594178\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594164\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e sp. Korea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSouth Korea, Mongsanpo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBRNM 781059\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594153\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594180\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLT594166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe European specimens previously identified as \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e (Vizzini et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) is unrelated to the syntype sequence of \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), which seems to be a strictly American species. Therefore, the European \"\u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e\" lineage should be described as a new species. Unfortunately, five American specimens identified as \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e and available for this study did not resulted as \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana sensu typi\u003c/em\u003e either. Three of them from Colorado (DBG 28118, DGB 28732, and DGB 39834) belong to \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e lineage but are not fully identical with European \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e, so we name them \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA. Other two \u003cem\u003eM.\u003c/em\u003e aff. \u003cem\u003eangelesiana\u003c/em\u003e specimens from Idaho (NY 1772313 and NY 1927565) grouped separately (\u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA in this paper).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother previously unrecognized phylogenetic species is a lineage of four specimens from Italy (Emilia-Romagna, surroundings of Ravenna; specimens nos. BRNM 772193, BRNM 829059 ‒ BRNM 829061), resulted as a sister species to \u003cem\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/em\u003e (=\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003eM. pseudopaedida\u003c/em\u003e sensu Vizzini et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) and also needs a formal description.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eTaxonomy\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMelanoleuca monticola\u003c/span\u003e Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ďuriška, Jančovičov\u0026aacute;, Para, Ševč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;, \u003cb\u003esp. nov.\u003c/b\u003e (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003ec)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMycobank \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003e***\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e= \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e A.H. Sm. s. Vizzini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e); ? \u003cem\u003eM. phaeopodia\u003c/em\u003e s. Bres. (Bon \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eDiagnosis\u003c/em\u003e. It differs from closely related \u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e by the absence of a caulohymenium, a distinctly clavate to bulbose stipe base and DNA sequences.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eHolotype\u003c/em\u003e. Slovakia, Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;, K\u0026ocirc;prov\u0026aacute; dolina, on a disturbed soil with stones on the margin of a road, 25 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1556).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEtymology\u003c/em\u003e. Known only from montane and hilly areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePileus 25\u0026ndash;175 mm broad, plano-conical or convex with distinct, obtuse umbo and involute at margin, then applanate with distinct, broad, low umbo and inflexed or reflexed margin, pileipellis exceeding the lamellae margin, usually not striate, sometimes translucently striate, smooth or very slightly rugulose at centre, sometimes with small depressions, smooth, finger test 0, glabrous or pruinose, lustrous, \u0026plusmn; uniformly silvery grey, pale brown-grey (Y70M50C50), grey-brown (6‒7E3‒5, Y90M80C80), or (dark) brown (6C‒D5‒6, Y90M70C60) with darker, brown (7E‒F6, Y90M80C70), dark brown (Y99M90C80) to black-brown (7F5‒6, S99Y40M40) centre. Lamellae rather close, L\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;c. 45\u0026ndash;80, l\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1\u0026ndash;4, emarginate and attached with tooth, sometimes furcate near stipe, \u0026plusmn; horizontal to ventricose, white (S00Y00M00), whitish (between S00Y00M00 and S00Y10M00) to pale cream coloured (Y30M10C10), with beige or greyish tinge or without it, with concolorous, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 30\u0026ndash;80(‒155) \u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;17 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, distinctly clavate (up to 20 mm) or bulbous (with bulb up to 30 mm), sometimes entirely clavate when young, or not broadened at base, rather distinctly longitudinally fibrillose, or longitudinally striate, sometimes twisted, white at apex, grey-brown (6C‒E4‒6) otherwise, entirely, especially at apex floccose, floccules white at apex, grey-brown towards base; with white basal tomentum. Context white (S00Y00M00), whitish (between S00Y00M00 and S00Y10M00), cream (Y40M20C20), sometimes to pale brown (Y50M40C30) in pileus, white (S00Y00M00), whitish (between S00Y00M00 and S00Y10M00), cream (Y40M20C20) to pale brown (Y50M40C30) in stipe, sometimes darker than apex in the stipe base, with fungoid smell or without any or with slight earthy smell and with mild (sometimes sweetish) taste.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasidiospores 5.5\u0026ndash;10 \u0026times; 4.0\u0026ndash;6.5(‒7.0) \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.15 \u0026times; 5.10 \u0026micro;m, E = (1.0‒)1.17\u0026ndash;1.73, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.25\u0026ndash;1.59, (broadly) ellipsoid, rarely globose, thin-walled, ornamentation verruculose with scattered cristulae, amyloid. Basidia 30\u0026ndash;55 \u0026times; 10\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 15\u0026ndash;50 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;13 \u0026micro;m, clavate, cylindrical. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia not seen. Marginal cells absent or 18‒31 \u0026times; 4.5‒11 \u0026micro;m, clavate, cylindrical, irregular or irregular, thin-walled. Trama hyphae cylindrical to ellipsoid, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, 3.0‒15(‒25) \u0026micro;m wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis, sometimes transient to trichoderm, composed of \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;radially arranged, cylindrical, slightly gelatinized (especially at centre), smooth or rarely minutely incrusted, thin-walled, 4.0‒10 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae with vacuolar and incrusting grey-brown or brown pigmentation; terminal cells adpressed to often (sub)erect (especially towards centre), cylindrical or narrowly clavate, subfusoid, sublageniform, thin-walled, 4.0‒8.0 \u0026micro;m wide. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, \u0026plusmn; thin-walled, 3.0‒7.0 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae. Caulocystidia single or in groups, (17‒)20\u0026ndash;80 \u0026times; 4.0\u0026ndash;10 \u0026micro;m, clavate, cylindrical, thin- to slightly thick-walled; caulohymenium absent. Clamp connections absent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEcology\u003c/em\u003e. On soil in a stream alluvium under \u003cem\u003ePicea\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSalix\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePetasites\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eUrtica\u003c/em\u003e, on a margin of a montane spruce forest under \u003cem\u003ePicea\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBetula\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eRubus\u003c/em\u003e, in mosses under \u003cem\u003eRubus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePicea\u003c/em\u003e. In woodlands (under \u003cem\u003ePicea abies\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eFagus sylvatica\u003c/em\u003e) along roads and paths in leaves, wood or herb debris, on sawdust or in grass and among herbs (e.g. \u003cem\u003eArctium\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eTaraxacum\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMentha\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eRumex\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eOxalis\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePetasites\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eTrifolia.\u003c/em\u003e Often on anthropogenous places.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eOther specimens examined\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCZECH REPUBLIC: Brdy Mts., Nov\u0026aacute; Ves, c. 500 m SE of the village, leg. J. Kas\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; (BRNM 781198). ‒ Novohradsk\u0026eacute; hory Mts., Lužnick\u0026yacute; vrch, 30 Sep. 2008 leg. M.T. Basso (Anton\u0026iacute;n 08.257, BRNM 829077). ‒ Novohradsk\u0026eacute; hory Mts., Pohoř\u0026iacute; na Šumavě, spruce stand close to Prameniště Pohořsk\u0026eacute;ho potoka Nature Monument, 28 Sep. 2008 leg. M. Beran (Anton\u0026iacute;n 08.232, BRNM 829076). ITALY: Trentino Prov., Malga Pura of Pieve di Bono, 13 Sep. 2002 leg. E. Bizio, R. Para and R. Fontenla 020913-02 (ANC M0144). SLOVAKIA: Z\u0026aacute;padn\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;, Tich\u0026aacute; dolina, vicinity of the T\u0026aacute;bor cottage, alluvium of the Tich\u0026yacute; potok stream, alt. 1040‒1120 m, 28 Aug. 2003 leg. O Jindřich (Anton\u0026iacute;n 03.38, BRNM 829073). ‒ Z\u0026aacute;padn\u0026eacute; Beskydy, M\u0026uacute;tne, M\u0026uacute;tňansk\u0026aacute; p\u0026iacute;la, 10 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1525). ‒ Javorn\u0026iacute;ky Mts., Vysok\u0026aacute; nad Kysucou, 12 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičov\u0026aacute; (SLO1542). ‒ Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;, Tich\u0026aacute; dolina, 25 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičov\u0026aacute; (SLO1553). ‒ Ibid. (SLO1559). ‒ Ibid. leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1555). ‒ Ibid. 26 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1562). ‒ Z\u0026aacute;padn\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;, Kamenist\u0026aacute; dolina, 24 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičov\u0026aacute; (SLO1546). ‒ Ibid. leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1547). ‒ Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;, 26 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičov\u0026aacute; (SLO1563). ‒ Ibid. 25 Oct. 2012 (SLO1549). ‒ Ibid. 25 Oct. 2012 (SLO1550). ‒ Ibid. 25 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1548). ‒ Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;, K\u0026ocirc;prov\u0026aacute; dolina, 25 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1558). ‒ Ibid. (SLO1556). ‒ N\u0026iacute;zke Tatry Mts., Jarab\u0026aacute;, 3 Nov. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1570). ‒ Čergov, Hertn\u0026iacute;k, 15 Sep. 2010 leg. P. Kešeľ\u0026aacute;k (SLO1588). ‒ Veľk\u0026aacute; Fatra Mts., Liptovsk\u0026eacute; Rev\u0026uacute;ce, Zelen\u0026aacute; dolina, 30 Sep. 2013, leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1622). ‒ Veľk\u0026aacute; Fatra Mts., Vlkol\u0026iacute;nec, Vrchl\u0026uacute;ka, 10 Sep. 2013 leg. M. Tomšovsk\u0026yacute; (SLO1597). ‒ Horn\u0026aacute; Orava LPA, Trsten\u0026aacute;, Za Jelešňou protected area, alt. 620‒640 m, 1 Oct. 2000 leg. D. Janda and V. Anton\u0026iacute;n (Anton\u0026iacute;n 00.149, BRNM 653033). SWITZERLAND: Graub\u0026uuml;nden, Rh\u0026auml;z\u0026uuml;ns, gem. Thusis, Lag Miert, alt. 1300‒1400 m, 30 Sep. 2004 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 04.227 and 04.228 (BRNM 829074 and BRNM 829075).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca monticola\u003c/em\u003e is characterized by rather small to large basidiomata, often with a relatively robust stipe; a grey, pale brown-grey, grey-brown or (dark) brown pileus with darker, brown, dark brown to black-brown centre; white, whitish to pale cream lamellae, sometimes with beige or greyish tinge; a distinctly clavate, entirely (especially at apex) floccose, grey-brown stipe; a whitish, sometimes up to pale brown context in the stipe base; a very variable size and shape of basidiospores; by the absence of cheilo-, pleurocystidia and caulohymenium; and a pileipellis in the form of an ixocutis, sometimes transient to a trichoderm. A typical caulohymenium is absent, however, extremely rare caulocystidia (only 1‒2 in one preparation) with a shape resembling the \u003cem\u003ebrevipes\u003c/em\u003e-type cystidia with a septum, 19‒50 \u0026times; 4‒5 \u0026micro;m large, were found in several collections (SLO1553, SLO1547, SLO1556).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetically, \u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e is a sister species of \u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca monticola\u003c/em\u003e was identified as \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e A.H. Sm. by Vizzini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) or published probably as \u003cem\u003eM. phaeopodia\u003c/em\u003e s. Bres. by Bon (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e). However, our phylogenetic studies showed clear differences between \u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e and syntype of \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e, and the latter species represents a North-American taxon related to \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). We studied several specimens identified as \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e from the North-American herbaria DGB and NY, and they represent two different taxa than true \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA and \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e aff. USA in this paper).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn comparison to other European species having white context in the stipe base and lacking cheilo- and pleurocystidia, \u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e Harmaja differs by the presence of a caulohymenium and less distinctly clavate stipe base, \u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e has an ochraceous fawn to pale or dark grey-brown pileus, a shorter stipe, with barely pruinose surface at the apex only and smaller basidiospores (6.5\u0026ndash;8.5 \u0026times; 3.9\u0026ndash;5.5 \u0026micro;m, average 7.3 \u0026times; 5.1 \u0026micro;m) and \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e has an only slightly longitudinally fibrillose, more or less cylindrical stipe, sometimes with only indistinct whitish floccules and slightly broader basidiospores, (6.7‒)7.2\u0026ndash;10(‒11) \u0026times; 5\u0026ndash;7.2(‒7.5) \u0026micro;m, average 8.2 \u0026times; 6.1 \u0026micro;m (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMelanoleuca graminicola\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003e(Velen.) K\u0026uuml;hner \u0026amp; Maire\u003c/b\u003e (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003ea‒d and 6b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eTricholoma graminicolum\u003c/em\u003e Velen., Česk\u0026eacute; Houby: 244, 1920 (non \u003cem\u003eTricholoma graminicola\u003c/em\u003e Velen., Novitates mycologicae novissimae: 62, 1939). ‒ \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca graminicola\u003c/em\u003e (Velen.) K\u0026uuml;hner \u0026amp; Maire, Bulletin de la Soci\u0026eacute;t\u0026eacute; Mycologique de France 50: 18, 1934.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eType material\u003c/em\u003e. Czech Republic, Mnichovice, the way in the direction to Struhařov, grassy, sunny country lane, July 1926, leg. J. Velenovsk\u0026yacute; (PRC, bottle 59a \u0026ndash; marked as isotype, bottle 59b \u0026ndash; marked as lectotype).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEpitype\u003c/em\u003e. Czech Republic, Proseč, Toulovcovy maštale Nature Reserve, on soil, roadside, under \u003cem\u003ePicea abies\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eAbies alba\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eUlmus\u003c/em\u003e, 19 Oct. 2013 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n and H. Ševč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; (Anton\u0026iacute;n 13.385, BRNM 829064).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePileus 20\u0026ndash;74 mm broad, convex-conical, low conical to applanate to uplifted, with rather distinct, obtuse umbo at centre and depressed around it, involute, later inflexed at margin, smooth, glabrous or finely rugulose-granulose (lens), sometimes translucently striate, finger test 0, light brown (Y50M40C30), brown to dark-brown (Y80M60C50; Y80M80C70, 6D‒E5‒6, 6D4, 7D4), usually darker (6F5-6, Y99M80C80) at centre, pallescent to ochraceous beige (5B3). Lamellae moderately close, L\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;c. 50\u0026ndash;60, l\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3\u0026ndash;4 (irregular), emarginate and attached to decurrent with tooth, rather narrow, white (S00Y10M00) to whitish (S00Y10M00) or pale cream, sometimes with greyish tinge, with concolorous, uneven, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 30\u0026ndash;90 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;9 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, clavate to with small bulb (up to 14 mm) at base, longitudinally fibrillose, floccose-pubescent at apex, pale brown (Y60M40C30), orangish brown, brown, pale brown-grey to brown (6C‒D5, Y70M50C50, Y80M70C60), then dark (greyish) brown (7E3‒4); basal tomentum whitish, rich. Context in pileus whitish, pale brown (Y60M40C40) to grey-brown (Y80M70C70), sometimes with rusty tinge (Y90M80C50), watery brown-grey when moist, in stipe apex whitish to pale brownish, grey-brown (Y80M80C80) to brown (Y80M80C70), sometimes with rusty tinge (Y90M70C50), in the stipe base brownish, light to dark brown (Y90M80C60, Y90M90C90) to black-brown (S99Y99M20), sometimes rusty brown, rarely dirty whitish, without any distinct smell or slightly earthy, and with mild taste.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasidiospores (5.5‒)7.0\u0026ndash;8.5(9.5) \u0026times; 4.0\u0026ndash;6.5 \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.39 \u0026times; 5.11 \u0026micro;m, E = (1.09‒)1.20\u0026ndash;1.78, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.33‒1.58, ellipsoid, less frequently fusoid-ellipsoid, verruculose, warts isolated, rarely connected, up to 1.0 \u0026micro;m high, amyloid. Basidia 18\u0026ndash;41 \u0026times; 7.0\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, 4-, rarely 2- or 1-spored, clavate. Basidioles 13\u0026ndash;38 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, clavate, rarely subcylindrical or subvesiculose or resembling cheilocystidia. Cheilocystidia scattered, urticoid, more or less of the \u003cem\u003eexscissa\u003c/em\u003e-type, 18\u0026ndash;50 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;11.0 \u0026times; 3.0‒5.0 \u0026micro;m, \u0026plusmn; lageniform, often irregular, apex subulate, obtuse, thin-walled. Marginal cells 12\u0026ndash;45 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;11 \u0026micro;m, clavate, (sub)cylindrical, (sub)utriform, sometimes irregular, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia absent. Trama hyphae cylindrical or subinflated, thin-walled, 3.0‒15(‒20) \u0026micro;m wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis transient to ixotrichoderm (centre) composed of cylindrical, \u0026plusmn; thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 10.0 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed to erect, (sub)clavate or cylindrical, rarely branched, obtuse, up to 60 \u0026times; 7.0 \u0026micro;m; yellowish grey in KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, \u0026plusmn; slightly thick-walled, smooth or minutely incrusted, non-dextrinoid, 2.0‒7.0 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae. Caulohymenium of (1) caulocystidia, 22\u0026ndash;70 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;10 \u0026micro;m, lageniform, cylindrical, clavate, subfusoid, regular or irregular, thin- or slightly thick-walled, and (2) rare urticoid caulocystidia, 45 \u0026times; 12 \u0026times; 3.2 \u0026micro;m. Clamp connections absent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEcology\u003c/em\u003e. On soil in an alluvium of a stream, in \u003cem\u003eUrtica\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCirsium\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eMentha\u003c/em\u003e growth, among wood scrap, leaves debris, and in grass and moss among different herbs (\u003cem\u003eCarduus\u003c/em\u003e sp., \u003cem\u003ePetasites\u003c/em\u003e sp., \u003cem\u003eTraxacum\u003c/em\u003e sp., \u003cem\u003eUrtica dioica\u003c/em\u003e), on a margin of a wet spruce forest, under trees and shrubs (\u003cem\u003eAbies, Alnus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCorylus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePicea, Pinus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSalix\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eUlmus\u003c/em\u003e) or on forest paths and roads margins.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eOther specimens examined\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAustria: Ges\u0026auml;use, Johnsbach, Schafgraben, 25. Aug. 2010 leg. H. Forstinger (Anton\u0026iacute;n 10.233, BRNM 829063). ITALY: Trentino Prov., Albar\u0026egrave; of Pergine Valsugana, alt. 500 m, 4 Oct. 2002 leg. C. Piuri, R. Fontenla \u0026amp; R. Para 021004-04 (ANC M0145). SLOVAKIA: Str\u0026aacute;žovsk\u0026eacute; vrchy Mts., Pružina-Priedhorie, Str\u0026aacute;žov National Nature Reserve, alt. 600\u0026ndash;700 m, 7 Oct. 2005 leg. M. Vašutov\u0026aacute; (Anton\u0026iacute;n 05.210, BRNM 829062). ‒ Horn\u0026aacute; Orava Landscape Protected Area, Trsten\u0026aacute;, Za Jelešňou Nature Reserve, 1. Oct. 2000 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 00.150 (BRNM 653028). ‒ Str\u0026aacute;žovsk\u0026eacute; a S\u0026uacute;ľovsk\u0026eacute; vrchy, Podskalie, 6. Oct. 2005 leg. L. Hagara (BRACR15528, (BRACR15529). ‒ Z\u0026aacute;padn\u0026eacute; Beskydy, M\u0026uacute;tne, M\u0026uacute;tňansk\u0026aacute; p\u0026iacute;la, 10. Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1528, SLO1531, SLO1527, SLO1525). ‒ Ibid., leg. S. Jančovičov\u0026aacute; (SLO1532, SLO1526). ‒ Z\u0026aacute;padn\u0026eacute; Beskydy, Oravsk\u0026aacute; Polhora, Slan\u0026aacute; voda, 9. Oct. 2012 leg. S. Adamč\u0026iacute;k (SLO1518, SLO1522). ‒ Ibid., leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1523). ‒ Str\u0026aacute;žovsk\u0026eacute; vrchy, Pevn\u0026iacute;k časť Dolina, 11. Oct. 2013 leg. M. Caboň (SLO1637). ‒ Ibid., leg. S. Jančovičov\u0026aacute; (SLO1634, SLO1635). ‒ Veľk\u0026aacute; Fatra, Liptovsk\u0026eacute; Rev\u0026uacute;ce, Such\u0026aacute; dolina, 29. Sep. 2013 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1619, SLO1615). ‒ Veľk\u0026aacute; Fatra, Liptovsk\u0026eacute; rev\u0026uacute;ce, Zelen\u0026aacute; dolina, 30. Sep. 2013 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1626, SLO1625, SLO1623). SPAIN: Teruel-Bronchales, 18. Oct. 2014 leg. E. Suarez (herb. E. Suarez H.H.T.S.G.B. 649C)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca graminicola\u003c/em\u003e is characterized by rather small basidiomata with a light brown, brown to dark-brown and usually darker pileus at centre, pallescent to ochraceous beige; white, whitish to pale cream coloured lamellae; a pale brown, orangish brown, brown, pale brown-grey to brown, then dark (greyish) brown stipe, clavate or with small bulb, floccose-pubescent at apex; brownish, light to dark brown to black-brown, sometimes rusty brown, rarely dirty whitish context in the stipe base; moderately large basidiospores; scattered, urticoid cheilocystidia; and the present caulohymenium. Urticoid caulocystidia may rarely absent. One specimen (BRNM 653028) has two sizes of basidiospores: 10‒12 \u0026times; 6.0‒8.0 \u0026micro;m (originating from 2-(1-)spored basidia), and 7.0‒9.5 \u0026times; 4.7‒6.5 \u0026micro;m (originating from 4-spored basidia); the size of the second ones fit well to the size limit of this species.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis species is sometimes erroneously considered a synonymum of \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e A.H. Sm. by American authors (e.g. Gillman \u0026amp; Miller 1977).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetically close species with brown stipe base context, \u003cem\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/em\u003e differs from \u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e by the larger basidiospores (7.5\u0026ndash;10 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;7.0 \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.6 \u0026times; 5.7 \u0026micro;m) and cheilocystidia mostly of the \u003cem\u003ebrevipes\u003c/em\u003e-type, smaller marginal cells [12\u0026ndash;30 \u0026times; (3.5‒)6.0\u0026ndash;11 \u0026micro;m]; \u003cem\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/em\u003e Para, Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ďuriška, Ševč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute; by the larger ellipsoid basidiospores [(6.0‒)6.5\u0026ndash;10 \u0026times; (4.0‒)4.8\u0026ndash;6.0(‒6.5) \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.0 \u0026times; 5.6 \u0026micro;m] broadly) with mostly irregularly shaped and sometimes up to 0.75 \u0026micro;m high warts and sometimes with rare ridges and cheilocystidia of both the brevipes- and exscissa-type (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e)d \u003cem\u003emicrocephala\u003c/em\u003e (P. Karst.) Singer by a pileus (greyish) brown at centre and beige-grey or greyish brown otherwise and the absence of cheilocystidia and urticoid caulocystidia (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMelanoleuca rufipes\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003eBon\u003c/b\u003e, Documents Mycologiques 8(29): 34, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eHolotype\u003c/em\u003e. France, Gard, Tarascon (Pichegu), Oct. 1977 leg. M. Bon (LIP, Bon 771029).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMacroscopic description\u003c/em\u003e. Bon (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eHolotype revision\u003c/em\u003e. Basidiospores (5.8‒)6.5‒7.5(‒8.0) \u0026times; 4.5\u0026ndash;6.0 \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.0 \u0026times; 5.2 \u0026micro;m, E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.23\u0026ndash;1.44, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.28, broadly ellipsoid, subovoid, subglobose, verruculose, warts variable in shape and size, irregular. Basidia 23\u0026ndash;38 \u0026times; 11\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles up to 33 \u0026times; 6.0\u0026ndash;13 \u0026micro;m, clavate. Cheilocystidia (only a few seen, mostly collapsed) urticoid, mostly of the \u003cem\u003ebrevipes\u003c/em\u003e-type, rarely of the \u003cem\u003eexscissa\u003c/em\u003e-type, 20\u0026ndash;30 \u0026times; 7.0\u0026ndash;10.5 \u0026micro;m, basal part clavate or fusoid, sometimes irregular, apical part cylindrical to subulate, thin-walled, without apical crystals. Marginal cells 13\u0026ndash;18 \u0026times; 6.0\u0026ndash;8.5 \u0026micro;m, clavate, subcylindrical, sometimes irregular, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia not seen. Trama hyphae\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;cylindrical, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 12(‒15) \u0026micro;m wide. Pileipellis a cutis composed of \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;cylindrical, interwoven, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, 3.0‒9.0 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed, rarely suberect, cylindrical, narrowly clavate, obtuse, thin-walled; vacuolar pigment brown. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, smooth, up to 6.0 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae. Caulocystidia 14\u0026ndash;30 \u0026times; 8.0\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, clavate or subfusoid, less frequently subcylindrical, \u0026plusmn; irregular, thin-walled. Clamp connections absent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEcology\u003c/em\u003e. On soil under \u003cem\u003eCupressus arizonica\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. According to the original macroscopic description (Bon \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003ea) \u003cem\u003erufipes\u003c/em\u003e differs from newly proposed \u003cem\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/em\u003e (see below) by the presence of purpurascent or red tinges at stipe base and rusty brown stipe base context. Microscopically (holotype) it has smaller, (5.8‒)6.5‒7.5(‒8.0) \u0026times; 4.6‒6.0 \u0026micro;m (average 7.0 \u0026times; 5.2 \u0026micro;m), and distinctly broader ellipsoid (Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.28) basidiospores, shorter, 20‒30 \u0026times; 7.0‒10.5 \u0026micro;m large cheilocystidia and the absence of a caulohymenium. Therefore, the latter taxon is described as a new species below.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMicroscopically, the closest species seems to be \u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/em\u003e with (6.0‒)6.5‒8.0 \u0026times; 4.0‒6.0 \u0026micro;m (average 7.2 \u0026times; 4.9 \u0026micro;m, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.47) large basidiospores. However, it differs by a pileus dark grey-brown to brown or pale brown with a darker brown centre, a stipe brownish to grey-brown or dark brown and distinctly floccose to floccose-tomentose at apex, a paler coloured context in the stipe base, larger cheilocystidia (18\u0026ndash;55 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;11 \u0026micro;m) and the presence of a caulohymenium (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor a final confirmation of the taxonomic position of this species, it is necessary to obtain recent collections of the species, preferably those from the type locality or its vicinity in France, to provide detailed morphological and molecular analyses.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMelanoleuca romanensis\u003c/span\u003e Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ďuriška, Jančovičov\u0026aacute;, Para, Ševč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; \u0026amp; Tomšovsk\u0026yacute;, \u003cb\u003esp. nov.\u003c/b\u003e (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003ee‒f and 6d)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMycoBank MB ******\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eDiagnosis. Melanoleuca fontenlae\u003c/em\u003e differs by a smaller, 9‒39 mm broad, whitish grey, grey-brown or dark brown pileus pallescent up to ochraceous brown to brown, an ochraceous yellowish to brownish stipe at centre and larger cheilocystidia (19\u0026ndash;65 \u0026times; 3.0\u0026ndash;10 \u0026micro;m).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eHolotype\u003c/em\u003e. Ravenna, Lido di Dante, on sandy dunes under \u003cem\u003ePinus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eQuercus\u003c/em\u003e, 9 Nov. 2000 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 00.239 and A. Hausknecht (BRNM 772193).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEtymology\u003c/em\u003e. Named after eastern part of the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, the area of distribution of the species.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePileus 15\u0026ndash;55 mm broad, broadly conical with distinct obtuse central umbo and inflexed to shortly involute margin, then \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;applanate with small sometimes up to indistinct central umbo and depressed around it and with inflexed margin, margin sometimes shortly costate, hygrophanous, not translucently striate or shortly translucently striate at margin only, smooth, glabrous, but sometimes apparently finely tomentose at centre, finger test 0, light brown to dark brown (6D4 to 7E5, 6E‒F6) at centre and paler, brownish orange, brown (6C3 to 6D‒E4, 6‒7E3‒6) towards margin, sometimes ivory greyish, whitish or blackish. Lamellae moderately close, L\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;c. 40\u0026ndash;50, l\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2\u0026ndash;4, emarginate and attached with tooth, mostly sinuate, sometimes furcate near stipe, white or yellow cream coloured, with slightly beige reflex, with concolorous, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 25\u0026ndash;60 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;7 mm, cylindrical or slowly broadened towards base, straight or curved, slightly broadened at apex, subcylindrical to clavate-bulbose (up to 12 mm) at base, finely pubescent to flocculose at apex, longitudinally (sometimes silvery) (distinctly) fibrillose otherwise, sometimes twisted, brownish orange (6C4) at apex, darker, brown to dark brown (6D‒E4‒5, \u0026plusmn;7D4) or greyish brown with fleshy tinge towards base; basal tomentum white. Context whitish in pileus, brownish under pileipellis, fibrillose in stipe, orangish brown, dark brown (7D7) in base, with indistinct to earthy smell and mild but astringent taste.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasidiospores 7.5\u0026ndash;10 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;7.0 \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.6 \u0026times; 5.7 \u0026micro;m, E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.29\u0026ndash;1.8, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.41\u0026ndash;1.59, (broadly) ellipsoid, fusoid-ellipsoid, verruculose, warts variable in size, \u0026plusmn; regular. Basidia 30\u0026ndash;39 \u0026times; (8.0‒)10\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 15\u0026ndash;40 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;13 \u0026micro;m, clavate, subcylindrical, subfusoid. Cheilocystidia urticoid, mostly of the \u003cem\u003ebrevipes\u003c/em\u003e-type, 27\u0026ndash;48 \u0026times; 6.0\u0026ndash;9.0 \u0026micro;m, basal part fusoid, subcylindrical, clavate, sometimes irregular, apical part 2.5\u0026ndash;3.0 \u0026micro;m wide, cylindrical to subulate, thin-walled, muricate or not. Marginal cells 12\u0026ndash;30 \u0026times; (3.5‒)6.0\u0026ndash;11 \u0026micro;m, clavate, fusoid, (sub)cylindrical, vesiculose, often irregular, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia not seen. Trama hyphae cylindrical to (sub)inflated, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 20 \u0026micro;m wide. Pileipellis an (ixo)cutis (margin) to ixotrichoderm (centre) composed of cylindrical, \u0026plusmn; thin-walled, non-dextrinoid, up to 10 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed to suberect, 17\u0026ndash;58 \u0026times; (2.0‒)6.0\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, cylindrical, narrowly clavate, (sub)fusoid, obtuse, thin-walled. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, \u0026plusmn; thin-walled, smooth, up to 7.0 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae. Caulohymenium of (1) 17\u0026ndash;43 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;9.0(‒11) \u0026micro;m, cylindrical, clavate or subfusoid, sometimes irregular, thin-walled cells, and (2) urticoid to hair-like cystidia, (25‒)33\u0026ndash;40 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;5.0(‒6.0) \u0026micro;m, fusoid, narrowly lageniform, rostrate, subulate, thin-walled usually without apical crystals. Clamp connections absent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEcology\u003c/em\u003e. On sandy soil in grass under \u003cem\u003ePinus pinaster\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eP. pinea\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eQuercus ilex\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eQ. pubescens\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eQ. robur\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eOther specimens examined\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eITALY: Ravenna, Pineta Ramazzotti and dunes di Lido di Dante, alt \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14 m, 5 Nov. 2007 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 07.410 (BRNM 829059). ‒ Ravenna, Pineta di Classe, part Pinarella-Bosconi, alt. \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;10 m, 6. Nov. 2007 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 07.424 (BRNM 829060). ‒ Ravenna, Pineta di Classe, Anello di Dante, alt. \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;12 m, 9. Nov. 2007 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 07.444 (BRNM 829061). ‒ Lazio Prov., Sabaudia, in a wood of \u003cem\u003eQuercus ilex\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePinus\u003c/em\u003e on sandy soil, behind the dunes, alt. 7 m, 17 Nov. 2006, leg. R. Fontenla \u0026amp; R. Para (ANC M0199). ‒ Ravenna Prov., mouth of the river Bevano of Ravenna, in a mixed forest with \u003cem\u003ePinus pinaster\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eQuercus pubescens\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eQ. ilex\u003c/em\u003e, on sandy soil, alt. 5 m, 6 Jan. 2007, leg. G. Consiglio, G. Perdisa, R. Fontenla \u0026amp; R. Para (ANC M0200)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca romanensis\u003c/em\u003e is characterized by rather small basidiomata with a light brown to dark brown pileus at centre and paler, brownish orange, brown towards margin; yellow cream lamellae; a subcylindrical to clavate-bulbose stipe brownish orange at apex, darker and brown to dark brown towards base; an orangish brown or dark brown context in the stipe base; 7.5\u0026ndash;10 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;7.0 \u0026micro;m basidiospores; present urticoid cheilocystidia; absent pleurocystidia; and present caulohymenium.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhylogenetically and ecologically close \u003cem\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/em\u003e differs by a smaller, 9‒39 mm broad, whitish grey, grey-brown or dark brown pileus pallescent up to ochraceous brown to brown, an ochraceous yellowish to brownish stipe at centre and larger cheilocystidia (19\u0026ndash;65 \u0026times; 3.0\u0026ndash;10 \u0026micro;m); Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e. \u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e (Velen.) K\u0026uuml;hner \u0026amp; Maire differs by a rather long and slender stipe (50\u0026ndash;90 \u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;6 mm) and smaller basidiospores (7.0\u0026ndash;8.5(‒9.5) \u0026times; 4.5\u0026ndash;5.5 \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.9 \u0026times; 5.0 \u0026micro;m).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca juliannae\u003c/em\u003e var. \u003cem\u003edecolorans\u003c/em\u003e has a smaller, 25\u0026ndash;35 mm broad, entirely dark brown pileus then pallescent to (grey-)brown from margin, a smaller, 28\u0026ndash;45 \u0026times; 3\u0026ndash;6 mm stipe, cylindrical to slightly clavate-bulbose (up to 7 mm) at base, dark grey-brown with brown apex (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca luteolosperma\u003c/em\u003e has a uniformly pale ochraceous grey to grey, greyish brown or brown pileus with whitish outermost margin and pale ochraceous yellow or pale grey-brown stipe and slightly smaller basidiospores [(6.0‒)7.0\u0026ndash;9.0 \u0026times; (4.0‒)4.2\u0026ndash;5.5(‒6.5) \u0026micro;m; average 7.7 \u0026times; 5.1 \u0026micro;m]; Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca humilis\u003c/em\u003e differs by a grey-brown pileus, greyish or beige lamellae, a stipe dark watery brown when moist and greyish when dried-out and it mostly grows on ruderalised or anthropogenous habitats (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMelanoleuca brachyspora\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003eHarmaja\u003c/b\u003e, Karstenia 25: 44, 1985. (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003ea‒d and 6a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e= \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca brevispora\u003c/em\u003e Harmaja, Karstenia 18: 30, 1979, non \u003cem\u003eM. brevispora\u003c/em\u003e Singer, Sydowia 8: 115, 1954.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eHolotype\u003c/em\u003e. Finland, Varsinais-Suomi (V/Ab). Karkkila (Pyh\u0026auml;j\u0026auml;rvi), Haavisto, fen 500 m E of the small lake Iitalampi, 25 Sep. 1969 leg. H. Harmaja (H 6003414!).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePileus 30\u0026ndash;85 mm broad, convex or plano-convex, with applanate centre with almost indistinct or rather distinct broad obtuse umbo, margin reflexed and involute, not translucently striate or only slightly striate at margin, smooth, glabrous, finger test 0, entirely brownish grey (6D3, Y50M40C40) or brown to dark brown (6E7‒8, 7E‒F6‒7, Y70M50C40) and sometimes light brown (6‒7D5, Y50M30C2) at margin or sometimes with the whitish outermost margin (in places where pileipellis reach beyond lamellae). Lamellae moderately close, L\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;c. 40\u0026ndash;60, l\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2\u0026ndash;7 (irregular), emarginate and attached to shortly decurrent with tooth, \u0026plusmn; horizontal, whitish (between S00Y00M00 a S00Y10M00), dirty cream or yellowish cream (4A3, S10Y40M10) coloured, sometimes with greyish tinge, with concolorous, uneven, finely pubescent edge. Stipe 45\u0026ndash;100 \u0026times; 4.5\u0026ndash;10 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, subcylindrical to clavate (7‒15 mm) at base, longitudinally fibrillose, finely floccose or pubescent at apex, whitish, later pale grey-brown or light brown (6‒7D4, 7D3‒4, 7D‒E7, 6C4, Y50M30C20; Y70M50C40); basal tomentum white. Context watery whitish, fibrillose in stipe, white in stipe, without any darker base, under pileipellis brown, grey-brown in stipe cortex, with fungoid smell and mild, after short time adstringent taste.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasidiospores (5.0‒)6.0\u0026ndash;9.0(‒9.5) \u0026times; (3.8‒)4.5\u0026ndash;7.0 \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.32 \u0026times; 5.28 \u0026micro;m, E = (1.09‒)1.17\u0026ndash;1.70, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.25\u0026ndash;1.47, broadly ellipsoid, subovoid, subamygdaloid, irregularly verruculose (warts up to 0.75 \u0026micro;m high), with rare connections, warts up to 0.5 \u0026times; 0.5 \u0026micro;m, amyloid. Basidia 16\u0026ndash;42 \u0026times; 9.0\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, 4-spored, clavate or subfusoid. Basidioles 14\u0026ndash;41 \u0026times; 4.0\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, clavate to cylindrical. Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia not seen; cystidioid hairs rarely present. Marginal cells 15\u0026ndash;36 \u0026times; 3.5\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, cylindrical, clavate, fusoid, mostly irregular to subcoralloid, thin-walled, sometimes scattered. Trama hyphae cylindrical to subinflated, thin-walled, 3.0‒15 \u0026micro;m wide. Pileipellis an (ixo)cutis, sometimes transient to (sub)ixotrichoderm at centre, composed of radially arranged, cylindrical or subfusoid, smooth or minutely incrusted, 4.0‒10 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed to (sub)erect, narrowly clavate, cylindrical, subfusoid, obtuse, thin-walled, up to 70 \u0026times; 4.0‒10 \u0026micro;m wide. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, 3.0‒7.0 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae. Caulohymenium of (1) cystidia 15\u0026ndash;60(‒95) \u0026times; 2.0\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, in groups, (long) cylindrical, (narrowly) clavate, (narrowly) fusoid, thin-walled, and (2) basidia, 31\u0026ndash;38 \u0026times; 8.0\u0026ndash;11 \u0026micro;m, 4-spored, clavate, sometimes seem absent. Clamp connections absent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEcology\u003c/em\u003e. On soil in grass and mosses under \u003cem\u003ePicea abies\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eSalix\u003c/em\u003e sp., in mossy grass under \u003cem\u003ePinus\u003c/em\u003e on serpentinite, and a tree clearing, along the forest path, and a fire place in a spruce forest.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eOther specimens examined\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCZECH REPUBLIC: Česk\u0026eacute; Šv\u0026yacute;carsko National Park, Doubice, Divok\u0026aacute; rokle valley, 13 Oct. 2010 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 10.384 and S. Kom\u0026iacute;nkov\u0026aacute; (BRNM 772200). \u0026ndash; Ibid., leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 10.391 (BRNM 829072). ‒ Česk\u0026yacute; Šternberk, Vr\u0026aacute;bov, 4 Nov. 2011 leg. J. Borovička (BRNM 829069). ‒ Bernartice \u0026ndash; Borovsko, Hadce u Želivky National Nature Monument, 26 Oct. 2012 leg. J. Borovička (BRNM 829067). ‒ Ibid., 26. Nov. 2014 leg. J. Borovička (BRNM 829068). ‒ Bernartice, 11 Nov. 2021 leg. J. Borovička (PRM 958041). ‒ Novohradsk\u0026eacute; hory Mts., Malonty, Hodonick\u0026yacute; potok, 29 Sep. 2003 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 03.79 (BRNM 829070). DENMARK: Ronde, 19. Oct. 2012 leg. R. Ejrnaes (SLO1691). SLOVAKIA: Veporsk\u0026eacute; vrchy Mts., Hriňov\u0026aacute;, Biele Vody, alt. 900\u0026ndash;1000 m, 26 Sep. 2009 leg. J. Holec (Anton\u0026iacute;n 09.283, BRNM 829071). ‒ Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Podbansk\u0026eacute;, 25 Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičov\u0026aacute; (SLO1552). ‒ Ibid., 26 Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1565, SLO1564). ‒ Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry Mts., Tich\u0026aacute; dolina, 25. Oct. 2012 leg. O. Ďuriška (SLO1554). ‒ Poľana, Sp\u0026aacute;len\u0026yacute; vrch, 16. Sep. 1995 leg. S. Glejdura (M363, SLO1685).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e has a brownish grey, brown to dark brown pileus sometimes light brown or whitish at margin; dirty cream or yellowish cream lamellae; a pale grey-brown or light brown stipe; a white context in the stipe base; rather broad basidiospores; absent cheilocystidia; and present caulohymenium composed of simple cystidia and basidia. The holotype specimen (H 6003414) differs by the distinctly smaller basidiospores [(4.8‒)5.5\u0026ndash;7.0(‒7.5) \u0026times; (3.8‒)4.5\u0026ndash;6.6 \u0026micro;m, average 6.2 \u0026times; 4.9 \u0026micro;m] which are more distinctly subglobose to broadly ellipsoid (E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.10\u0026ndash;1.40, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.26).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe only one cheilocystidium of the \u003cem\u003ebrevipes\u003c/em\u003e-type, 29 \u0026times; 6 \u0026micro;m, was observed in the specimen SLO1565 (Slovakia, Podbansk\u0026eacute;, M229) as a result of the observation of several preparations. Likewise, caulocystidia of the \u003cem\u003ebrevipes\u003c/em\u003e-type, 15‒77 \u0026times; 3.0‒20 \u0026micro;m, with or without septum, were observed in specimens SLO1552, SLO1564 and SLO1554 (all from Slovakia, Podbansk\u0026eacute;), always the only one-two in each specimens. Because these cystidia were very rare and always unusually twisted, and may represent some aberrant cells.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelated \u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e differs by a brownish to brown context in the stipe base. Morphologically very close \u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e differs by an always distinctly clavate or bulbose stipe base and the absence of the caulohymenium.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompared to other species without cystidia, \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e differs by slightly larger basidiospores [(6.7‒)7.2\u0026ndash;10(‒11) \u0026times; 5\u0026ndash;7.2(‒7.5) \u0026micro;m, average 8.2 \u0026times; 6.1 \u0026micro;m] (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e); M. \u003cem\u003emicrocephala\u003c/em\u003e differs by a differently coloured, centrally (greyish) brown or beige-grey or greyish, otherwise uniformly greyish brown pileus, a stipe usually longer than the pileus width, 22\u0026ndash;105 \u0026times; 2\u0026ndash;5.5 mm, a pale to dark (reddish) brown to black-brown context in the stipe base and slightly larger basidiospores [7.0\u0026ndash;9.5(‒10) \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;7.0 \u0026micro;m, average 8.3 \u0026times; 5.8 \u0026micro;m] (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eMelanoleuca stridula\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003e(Fr.) Singer\u003c/b\u003e, Cavanillesia 7: 129 (1935). (Figs.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003ee and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003ec)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eAgaricus stridulus\u003c/em\u003e Fr., Epicrisis Systematis Mycologici: 85, 1836. ‒ \u003cem\u003eCollybia stridula\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Qu\u0026eacute;l., M\u0026eacute;moires de la Soci\u0026eacute;t\u0026eacute; d\u0026rsquo;\u0026eacute;mulation de Montb\u0026eacute;liard II, 5: 237, 1872. ‒ \u003cem\u003eGyrophila stridula\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Qu\u0026eacute;l., Enchiridion Fungorum: 28, 1886. ‒ \u003cem\u003eTricholoma stridulum\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Sartory \u0026amp; Maire, Synopsis du genre \u003cem\u003eTricholoma\u003c/em\u003e: 26, 1918. ‒ \u003cem\u003eOudemansiella stridula\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) M.M. Moser, Zeitschrift f\u0026uuml;r Pilzkunde 19: 9, 1955 (comb. inval.).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eNeotype\u003c/em\u003e. Italia, Posatora (AN), growing on the ground, among pine needles and the grass, under \u003cem\u003ePinus halepensis\u003c/em\u003e, 200 m a.s.l., leg. M. Gottardi, det. R. Fontenla, M. Gottardi, R. Para (ANC M0007, Fontenla et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePileus 18\u0026ndash;50 mm broad, broadly conical, almost applanate to applanate, depressed or slightly depressed at centre with low and broad umbo, surface of pileus sometimes with small depressions, straight, inflexed to involute at margin, finger test 0, glabrous, apparently slightly pruinose at margin, finely granulose-rugulose (lens), uniformly rather dark (grey-)brown or dark brown (6E4‒5, 6‒7E5‒7, 7E‒F6, Y90M70C60, S30Y40M20), sometimes slightly darker (7F6) at centre. Lamellae rather close, L\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;c. 35\u0026ndash;50, l\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3\u0026ndash;5, emarginate and attached to decurrent with tooth, sinuate, rather narrow (up to 6 mm), cream coloured with beige reflex, edge concolorous, pubescent, sometimes uneven. Stipe 40\u0026ndash;95 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;6 mm, cylindrical, slightly broadened at apex, cylindrical, but mostly clavate to subbulbose (up to 11 mm) at base, finely floccose-pubescent at apex, entirely (distinctly) longitudinally striate, dirty whitish, brownish or grey-brownish (Y70M50C40) at apex, grey-brown to dark brown (6D5, 6E3‒4, 7‒8E3‒4, Y90M80C80) towards base; basal tomentum white. Context whitish in pileus, fibrillose, whitish to grey-brown in stipe, brownish to dark brown or black-brown (Y90M80C80, Y90M90C90) in stipe base, with indistinct or slightly fungoid smell and mild, sometimes slightly adstringent taste.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBasidiospores 6.0\u0026ndash;8.5(‒9.0) \u0026times; 4.0\u0026ndash;6.0 \u0026micro;m, average\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7.3 \u0026times; 5.2 \u0026micro;m, E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.16\u0026ndash;1.80, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.32\u0026ndash;1.59, (broadly) ellipsoid, subovoid, verruculose, warts up to 0.75 \u0026micro;m high irregular in size and shape, amyloid. Basidia (15‒)29\u0026ndash;40 \u0026times; 7\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, 4-spored, clavate. Basidioles 12\u0026ndash;35 \u0026times; 4.0\u0026ndash;12 \u0026micro;m, clavate, cylindrical. Cheilo- and pleurocystidia not seen; rarely rostrate marginal cells slightly similar to urticoid cheilocystidia present. Marginal cells 11\u0026ndash;40(‒45) \u0026times; 4.0\u0026ndash;13 \u0026micro;m, clavate, (sub)cylindrical, subfusoid, mostly irregular, thin-walled. Trama hyphae cylindrical to subinflated, thin-walled, hyaline, non-dextrinoid, up to 12(‒20) \u0026micro;m wide. Pileipellis an ixocutis to subixotrichoderm (centre) composed of cylindrical, \u0026plusmn; thin-walled, radially arranged, smooth or incrusted, non-dextrinoid, up to 10 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae; terminal cells adpressed to erect, up to 50 \u0026times; 12 \u0026micro;m, clavate, subfusoid, cylindrical, thin-walled; pigmentation grey in KOH. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, \u0026plusmn; thin-walled, up to 8.0 \u0026micro;m wide hyphae. Caulocystidia 20\u0026ndash;80 \u0026times; 3.0\u0026ndash;8.0 \u0026micro;m, sometimes in form of urticoid cystidia of the \u003cem\u003eexscissa\u003c/em\u003e-type, cylindrical, subulate, obtuse, thin-walled, sometimes with crystals (found in one collection), 15\u0026ndash;38 \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;8.0 \u0026micro;m, clavate, cylindrical, subfusoid, thin-walled (in three collections). Clamp connections absent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eEcology\u003c/em\u003e. On soil in grass (\u003cem\u003eMolinia\u003c/em\u003e), along the roads (under \u003cem\u003ePicea abies\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ePinus sylvestris\u003c/em\u003e) near a stream (\u003cem\u003ePicea\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSorbus aucuparia\u003c/em\u003e), and in mosses on spruce wood scrap, and under \u003cem\u003ePinus\u003c/em\u003e on sandy soil, and under \u003cem\u003eLarix decidua\u003c/em\u003e in a montane forest.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eOther specimens examined\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAUSTRIA: Tyrol, Ehrwald, 4 Sep. 2011 leg. H. Huijser (Anton\u0026iacute;n 11.121, BRNM 825717). FRANCE: Hautes Alpes Dept., Arvieux, Lac de Roue, 1850 m alt., 15 Aug. 2019 leg. F.-X. Boutard (BRNM 829065). ITALY: Ravenna Prov., Parco Regionale del Delta del Po, Bedalassona, \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3 m alt., 4 Nov. 2007 leg. A. Verbeken and V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 07.406 (BRNM 761903). SLOVAKIA: Str\u0026aacute;žovsk\u0026eacute; vrchy LPA, Suľovsk\u0026eacute; vrchy hills, Podskalie, a stream valley SE of Podskalsk\u0026yacute; Roh\u0026aacute;č Mt., alt. 480\u0026ndash;550 m, 6 Oct. 2005 leg. V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 05.204 and M. Vašutov\u0026aacute; (BRNM 825716). ‒ Beliansk\u0026eacute; tatry Mts., Tatransk\u0026aacute; Kotlina, Dolina siedmich prameňov valley, 1150\u0026ndash;1300 m alt., 6 Sep. 2001 leg V. Anton\u0026iacute;n 01.241 (BRNM 761902). ‒ Považsk\u0026yacute; Inovec, Bojn\u0026aacute;, 1. Nov. 2007 leg. L. Hagara (BRA CR 15526 and BRNM 772202). ‒ Liptovsk\u0026aacute; kotlina, Hybe, 21. Oct. 2012 leg. V. Kautman (SLO1543). ‒ Vysok\u0026eacute; Tatry, K\u0026ocirc;prov\u0026aacute; dolina, 25. Oct. 2012 leg. S. Jančovičov\u0026aacute; (SLO1557). ‒ Čergov, Sedlice, 18. Oct. 2008 leg. P. Kešeľ\u0026aacute;k (SLO1586).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca stridula\u003c/em\u003e has small to moderately large basidiomata; a rather dark (grey-)brown or dark brown pileus, sometimes slightly darker at centre; an entirely (distinctly) longitudinally striate, grey-brown to dark brown stipe; a brownish to dark brown or black-brown context in the stipe base; absent cheilocystidia; and absent caulohymenium. The presence of several cheilocystidia of the \u003cem\u003ebrevipes\u003c/em\u003e-type, 17\u0026ndash;35 \u0026times; 6‒10 \u0026micro;m, were observed in the collection BRA CR 15526.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe detailed historical overview of \u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e, including the neotype proposal, was published by Fontenla et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e). Lange (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1933\u003c/span\u003e) described \u003cem\u003eTricholoma stridulum\u003c/em\u003e var. \u003cem\u003epallidipes\u003c/em\u003e J.E. Lange. This taxon was considered a form (Favre \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1948\u003c/span\u003e), later a variety of \u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e (Bon \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1978\u003c/span\u003e), and, finally a separate species \u003cem\u003eM. pallidipes\u003c/em\u003e (J.E. Lange) Bon (comb. inval., Bon \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e). However, Lange (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1935\u003c/span\u003e) drawn this species with smooth spores. Therefore, it does not belong to the genus \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRelated \u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e differs by a white context in the stipe base. \u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e differs by more robust basidiomata, slightly larger basidiospores and the constant absence of the caulohymenium.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompared to other species without cystidia, \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e differs by larger basidiospores [(6.7‒)7.2\u0026ndash;10(‒11) \u0026times; 5\u0026ndash;7.2(‒7.5) \u0026micro;m, average 8.2 \u0026times; 6.1 \u0026micro;m] (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e); M. \u003cem\u003emicrocephala\u003c/em\u003e differs by a differently coloured, greyish brown, beige-grey or greyish pileus, slightly larger basidiospores [7.0\u0026ndash;9.5(‒10) \u0026times; 5.0\u0026ndash;7.0 \u0026micro;m, average 8.3 \u0026times; 5.8 \u0026micro;m] (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eDoubtful Taxa\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca electropoda\u003c/em\u003e Maire \u0026amp; Malen\u0026ccedil;on, in Malen\u0026ccedil;on \u0026amp; Bertault, Champignon Sup\u0026eacute;rieurs du Maroc 33: 77, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026equiv; \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca paedida\u003c/em\u003e f. \u003cem\u003eelectropoda\u003c/em\u003e (Maire \u0026amp; Malen\u0026ccedil;on) Fontenla, Para \u0026amp; Vizzini, Mycotaxon 118: 376, 2011.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eHolotype\u003c/em\u003e. Morocco, Bou-Jirirh, 4. Nov. 1943, herb. G. Malen\u0026ccedil;on 1425, MPU.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eType revision.\u003c/em\u003e Basidiospores 6‒7.4 \u0026times; 4.8‒6 \u0026micro;m, average 6.70 \u0026times; 5.48 \u0026micro;m, E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.02‒1.50, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.23, small, subglobose to shortly ellipsoid, with large, isolated, round warts, amyloid. Cheilocystidia rare, typically urticoid, with abundant apical crystals. Pleurocystidia not observed. Stipitipellis not observed. Pileipellis a cutis of interwoven hyphae.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. Vizzini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e): Subclade A4.2 (1.0 BPP, 99% MLB) encompasses two specimens of \u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eM.\u003c/em\u003e sp. 2 (specimen ANC M0188; JN616477), and \u003cem\u003eM. electropoda\u003c/em\u003e (specimen ANC M0187; JN616430). The two \u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e collections are consistent with the protologue and the observations by Fontenla et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e sp. 2 is an acystidiate form of \u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca electropoda\u003c/em\u003e was reported by Bon (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1991\u003c/span\u003e) as a macrocystidiate species (subg. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e, sect. \u003cem\u003eOreineae\u003c/em\u003e). After observation of typical urticoid cheilocystidia in the type collection of \u003cem\u003eM. electropoda\u003c/em\u003e, Fontenla et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2003\u003c/span\u003e) considered \u003cem\u003eM. rufipes\u003c/em\u003e Bon a later synonym of this species (see comments about \u003cem\u003eM. rufipes\u003c/em\u003e above). Based on DNA sequence data, both sequences JN616430 and JN616477 of \u003cem\u003eM.\u003c/em\u003e sp. 2 and \u003cem\u003eM. electropoda\u003c/em\u003e group with \u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e. The differences in several nucleotides among the sequences are crowded at the beginning or the ends of the sequences and very probably are caused by sequencing errors undetected before the sequence analyses. Both species are close also morphologically; \u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e differs only slightly by the pileus colour and always white lamellae. Therefore \u003cem\u003eM. electropoda\u003c/em\u003e can represent only a form of \u003cem\u003eM. paedida\u003c/em\u003e as proposed by Vizzini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca striimarginata\u003c/em\u003e M\u0026eacute;trod ex Bon, Documents Mycologiques 20 (79): 59, 1990.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026equiv; \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca striimarginata\u003c/em\u003e M\u0026eacute;trod, Revue de Mycologie 7: 94, 1942, nom inval.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eHolotype\u003c/em\u003e. France, Champagnole, in small groups among plants and mosses in a old pasture, IX.‒X.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eType revision\u003c/em\u003e. [\u003cem\u003e406\u003c/em\u003e \u0026ndash; PC GMC38] Basidiospores 5.7‒9.1 \u0026times; 4.8\u0026ndash;6.7 \u0026micro;m, average 7.4 \u0026times; 5.8 \u0026micro;m, E\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.08‒1.49, Q\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1.28, with coarse warts, moderately dense, isolated or round. Cheilocystidia not seen, it is not possible to distinguish the lamellar edge with certainty. Pleurocystidia rare, fusiform macrocystidia, with pointed apex, usually devoid of crystals. Stipitipellis consisting of long and narrow hyphae, with rare cylindrical hairs, caulocystidia absent. Pileipellis not observable in the type specimen.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. According to Vizzini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e) M. \u003cem\u003estriimarginata\u003c/em\u003e belongs to their subclade A3.1 comprising four acystidiate taxa, \u003cem\u003eM\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003estriimarginata\u003c/em\u003e M\u0026eacute;trod ex Bon, \u003cem\u003eM. \u0026ldquo;paratristis,\u0026rdquo; M\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003egraminicola\u003c/em\u003e (Velen.) K\u0026uuml;hner \u0026amp; Maire, and \u003cem\u003eM\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cem\u003eangelesiana\u003c/em\u003e A.H. Sm. (=\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e here). However, their sequences of \u003cem\u003eM. paratristis\u003c/em\u003e (MCVE12645, JF908357), \u003cem\u003eM. striimarginata\u003c/em\u003e (ANC M0202, JN616468) and \u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e (ANC M0201, JN616438) group with \u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e. Moreover, macrocystidioid pleurocystidia were found in the type species of \u003cem\u003eM. striimarginata\u003c/em\u003e. Therefore, we consider this species an unclear taxon.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003col\u003e \u003cspan\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eIdentification key to European species of the subgenus\u003c/b\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/span\u003e \u003c/ol\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis key is based on Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e and this publication.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eRemarks\u003c/em\u003e. The confirmation of the presence or absence of cheilocystidia is often rather difficult in species of subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e. If their presence is not seen in the first preparation, the microscopic observation should be to repeated with additional 4‒5 preparations to sure, if cheilocystidia are present or absent. The best places for cheilocystidia study seem to be near the lamellae insertion to the stipe. The similar problems can appear with observation of pleurocystidia and also caulocystidia or caulobasidia at the stipe (caulohymenium). The presence/absence of caulobasidia is also depending on quality of drying process when caulobasidia may easily collapse. Some species have a typically large pileus, but basidiomata having smaller pilei sometimes occur depending on growing conditions. We strongly recommend to combine both morphological and molecular data to identify species within subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e properly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1a. Stipe with distinct dark brown or black-brown squamules \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. verrucipes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1b. Stipe without such dark squamules 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2a. Cheilocystidia present, in the form of macrocystidia; lamellae cream ochraceous, ochraceous brown, orangish ochraceous or salmon orange\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. cognata\u003c/span\u003e (the only species of subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e with macrocystidia)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2b. Cheilocystidia present or absent, if present then only in the form of urticoid cystidia; lamellae with different colour 3\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3a. Context in the stipe base white or whitish (rarely pale grey-whitish, brown-whitish or with fine orange-brown tinge in their outermost margin) 4\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3b. Context in the stipe base differently coloured (orange, orange-brown, yellowish brown, rusty brown, brown, pale brown, dark brown, black-brown, grey, grey-brown, grey-blue, blue, violaceous) 14\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4a. Pleurocystidia absent 5\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4b. Pleurocystidia present 12\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5a. Cheilocystidia absent 6\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5b. Cheilocystidia present 9\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6a. Caulocystidia absent \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. paedida\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6b. Caulocystidia present 7\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7a. Pileus 20‒50 mm broad; stipe 30‒70 \u0026times; 2‒7 mm, cylindrical or only slightly broadened at base \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7b. Basidioma usually larger, pileus 25‒175 mm broad and stipe 30‒100 \u0026times; 3‒17 mm; stipe always broadened, clavate to distinctly bulbose at base 8\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8a. Pileus 25‒175 mm broad; stipe 30‒80(‒155) \u0026times; 3‒17 mm, surface rather distinctly longitudinally fibrillose or longitudinally striate, entirely (especially at apex), floccose \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. monticola\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8b. Pileus 30‒85 mm broad; stipe 45‒100 \u0026times; 4.5‒10 mm, only at apex finely floccose or pubescent \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9a. Stipe small 5\u0026ndash;25 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;5 mm \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. galbuserae\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9b. Stipe larger (longer and/or wider) 10\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10a. Basidioma robust, pileus 54\u0026ndash;170(‒260) mm broad, stipe width 7\u0026ndash;15 mm \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. grammopodia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10b. Basidioma smaller, pileus 20\u0026ndash;75 mm broad, stipe width 2\u0026ndash;10 mm 11\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11a. Cheilocystidia 18\u0026ndash;50 \u0026times; 5\u0026ndash;11 \u0026micro;m, scattered \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11b. Cheilocystidia 50\u0026ndash;74 \u0026times; 5\u0026ndash;10 \u0026micro;m, very numerous \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. paedida\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12a. Caulocystidia absent \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. paedida\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12b. Caulocystidia present 13\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13a. Stipe 20\u0026ndash;70 \u0026times; 2.5\u0026ndash;7 mm, caulobasidia present \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. exscissa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13b. Stipe 50\u0026ndash;60 \u0026times; 7\u0026ndash;11 mm, caulobasidia absent \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. rasilis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14a. Context in the stipe base with blue, blue-grey (or violaceous) shades \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. juliannae\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14b. Context in the stipe base without blue, blue-grey (or violaceous) shades 15\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15a. Purpurascens or red tinges at the stipe base \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. rufipes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15b. Not such colours at the stipe base 16\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16a. Margin of the pileus white \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. luteolosperma\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16b. Margin of the pileus not white 17\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17a. Context in the stipe base pale yellowish/orange \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17b. Context in the stipe base differently coloured (darker) 18\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18a. Caulobasidia present 19\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e18b. Caulobasidia absent 20\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19a. Mainly 4-spored, but also less frequent 2-spored, clavate caulobasidia present \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. stepposa\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e19b. Mainly (always?) 2-spored, clavate caulobasidia present \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. malenconii\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20a. Cheilocystidia absent 21\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e20b. Cheilocystidia present 23\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21a. Average length of basidiospores over 8.3 \u0026micro;m \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. microcephala\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e21b. Average length of basidiospores under 8.3 \u0026micro;m 22\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22a. Pileus uniformly rather dark (grey-)brown or dark brown, sometimes slightly darker at centre \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. stridula\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e22b. Pileus whitish grey, grey-brown, dark brown, pallescent up to ochraceous brown to brown, margin paler than centre in young specimens \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23a. Caulocystidia absent 24\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e23b. Caulocystidia present 26\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24a. Lamellae grey (greyish when young) \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. tristis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e24b. Lamellae white to whitish or cream coloured (sometimes with greyish reflex), then pale ochraceous or greyish, with beige reflex 25\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25a. Spores (broadly) ellipsoid, verruculose, warts mostly irregularly shaped and sized, sometimes up to 0.75 \u0026micro;m high, sometimes with rare ridges \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e25b. Spores ellipsoid, less frequently fusoid-ellipsoid, verruculose, warts isolated, rarely connected, up to 1.0 \u0026micro;m high \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26a. Cheilocystidia mainly of the \u003cem\u003eexscissa\u003c/em\u003e-type 27\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e26b. Cheilocystidia mainly of the \u003cem\u003ebrevipes\u003c/em\u003e-type 31\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27a. Only other than urticoid caulocystidia present 28\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e27b. Urticoid caulocystidia present (but other type of caulocystidia may be also present) 29\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28a. Stipe dark yellowish brown, basally blackish brown \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. zaaminensis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e28b. Stipe pale ochraceous (ochraceous-grey, grey) \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. diverticulata\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29a. Lamellae grey (greyish when young) \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. tristis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e29b. Lamellae white to whitish or cream-coloured (sometimes with greyish reflex), then pale ochraceous or greyish, with beige reflex 30\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30a. Spores (broadly) ellipsoid, verruculose, warts mostly irregularly shaped and sized, sometimes up to 0.75 \u0026micro;m high, sometimes with rare ridges \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e30b. Spores ellipsoid, less frequently fusoid-ellipsoid, verruculose, warts isolated, rarely connected, up to 1.0 \u0026micro;m high \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31a. Urticoid caulocystidia absent \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. zaaminensis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e31b. Urticoid caulocystidia present (but other type of caulocystidia may be also present) 32\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32a. Only urticoid caulocystidia present \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. juliannae var. decolorans\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e32b. Urticoid caulocystidia and also other type of caulocystidia present 33\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33a. Lamellae crowded, L\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;c. 70\u0026ndash;80, l\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3\u0026ndash;4 \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. humilis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e33b. Lamellae moderately close to rather close, L\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;c. 30\u0026ndash;65, l\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2\u0026ndash;5 34\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34a. Pileus uniformly rather dark (grey-)brown, sometimes slightly darker at centre \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. stridula\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e34b. Pileus whitish grey, grey-brown, dark brown, pallescent up to ochraceous brown to brown, margin paler than centre in young specimens 35\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35a. Stipe brownish orange at apex, brown to dark brown towards base \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e35b. Stipe lustrous whitish to slightly brownish at apex, ochraceous yellowish to brownish at centre, dark grey-brown towards base \u003cspan type=\"BoldItalic\" class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\"\u003eM. fontenlae\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe taxonomic revision of European \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e revealed several examples of taxonomic problems: A) Incorrectly used name because type specimens belong to another species. In such cases the new name should be proposed. This issue was revealed at \u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e (up to now treated as American species \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e) in this study. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca fontenlae\u003c/em\u003e (treated in past as \u003cem\u003eM. pseudopaedida\u003c/em\u003e \u0026ndash; the type of \u003cem\u003eM. pseudopaedida\u003c/em\u003e is conspecific with \u003cem\u003eM. luteolosperma\u003c/em\u003e) and \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e (treated as \u003cem\u003eM. robertiana\u003c/em\u003e \u0026ndash; the type of \u003cem\u003eM. robertiana\u003c/em\u003e belongs to \u003cem\u003eM. pallidicutis\u003c/em\u003e having macrocystidia) are another example of this phenomenon (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). B) Phylogeneticaly different but morphologicaly and ecologicaly similar species across the continents deserve attention of fungal taxonomists \u0026ndash; \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e has a North American sister species \u003cem\u003eM.\u003c/em\u003e aff. \u003cem\u003eacystidiata.\u003c/em\u003e In general, \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e diversity in North America deserve a separate study. C) Rather high variability in ITS sequences of several species (\u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca, M. exscissa, M. luteolosperma, M. stridula\u003c/em\u003e) which is not supported by the sequence variability of other genes (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; this study). Special attention could be paid to \u003cem\u003eM. diverticulata \u0026ndash; M. rasilis\u003c/em\u003e group. Although the species have identical ITS and tef1 sequences, they differ in rpb2 (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). The species are kept separately due to morphological differences, but the detailed study of more specimens the taxa is desirable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring description of new species special attention should be paid on DNA sequence data processing, especially if the new species is based on a single collection: Recently proposed \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca chalcibasis\u003c/em\u003e Voto, Maraia \u0026amp; Milanese (Voto et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) was delimited due to isolated position of the sequences of the specimen in the ITS, tef1a and concatenated phylogentic trees. Anyway, after examination of the sequences of holotype specimen (MZ621144\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;ITS, MZ962408\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;tef1) kindly provided by the 1st author of the paper, the substantial errors were revealed: about 105 first nucleotide positions in ssu-ITS1 region are completely erroneous (Suppl. Figure\u0026nbsp;1) and therefore biased the phylogenetic analyses. If these erroneous nucletides are excluded, the ITS sequence undoubtly groups among \u003cem\u003eM. luteolosperma\u003c/em\u003e specimens. Therefore \u003cem\u003eM. chalcibasis\u003c/em\u003e is a synonym of \u003cem\u003eM. luteolosperma.\u003c/em\u003e The similar but less serious problem of erroneous nucleotides (especially at the beginnings or ends of sequences) occur at tef1 sequence of this paper and several ITS sequences published by Vizzini et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring our previous studies (Anton\u0026iacute;n et al. \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) the phylogenetic position of two remarkable species ‒ \u003cem\u003eM. cognata\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eM. verrucipes\u003c/em\u003e was recognized. Both species are morphologicaly easily distinguishable. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca verrucipes\u003c/em\u003e is especially characterized by the presence of dark brown to black-brown squamules on the white stipe, which is a unique character in this genus. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca cognata\u003c/em\u003e is distinguishable by its orange-yellow to darker brown pileus, orange-yellow to salmon buff coloured lamellae, an ochraceous brown stipe, and its occurrence in spring (Boekhout \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1988\u003c/span\u003e). While \u003cem\u003eM. verrucipes\u003c/em\u003e has a basal position of \u003cem\u003eM exscissa\u003c/em\u003e group and is likely to be closely related to \u003cem\u003eM exscissa\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eM. cognata\u003c/em\u003e has an isolated position between the two, \u003cem\u003eM exscissa\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eM. castaneofusca\u003c/em\u003e groups but more closely related to the later (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The presence of macrocystidia at \u003cem\u003eM. cognata\u003c/em\u003e obviously does not refer to relationship of this species to subg. \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e, where macrocystidia dominate in hymenium but is an apomorphic character of the species.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatements \u0026amp; Declarations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe studies of V.A. and H.\u0026Scaron;. were made possible by the support provided to the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development program for research institutions (DKRVO, ref. MK000094862). The research of T.K. and M. T. was supported by the Czech Ministry for Education, Youth and Sports and the European Regional Development Fund for financing the Project Phytophthora Research Centre Reg. No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000453. The research of O. Ď. was supported by VEGA: VEGA\u0026nbsp;1/0749/21.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAll authors declare they have no financial interests.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and data analysis were performed by Vladim\u0026iacute;r Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ondrej Ďuri\u0026scaron;ka, Soňa Jančovičov\u0026aacute;, Tom\u0026aacute;\u0026scaron; Kudl\u0026aacute;ček, Roberto Para, Hana \u0026Scaron;evč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; and Michal Tom\u0026scaron;ovsk\u0026yacute;. The figures were prepared by Vladim\u0026iacute;r Anton\u0026iacute;n, Soňa Jančovičov\u0026aacute; and Michal Tom\u0026scaron;ovsk\u0026yacute;. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [Vladim\u0026iacute;r Anton\u0026iacute;n, Ondrej Ďuri\u0026scaron;ka, Hana \u0026Scaron;evč\u0026iacute;kov\u0026aacute; and Michal Tom\u0026scaron;ovsk\u0026yacute;] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe data generated during and analysed during the current study are available in the NCBI repository.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe thank the curators of the ANC, H, LIP, MPU, PC, PRM, and SLO herbaria for loans of the type and other specimens, and S. Adamč\u0026iacute;k (Slovakia), M.T. Basso (Italy), M. Beran (Czech Republic), J. Borovička (Czech Republic), F.-X. Boutard (France), M. Caboň (Slovakia), R. Ejrnaes (Denmark), H. Forstinger (Austria), S. Glejdura (Slovakia), L. Hagara (Slovakia), A. Hausknecht (Austria), J. Holec (Czech Republic), H. Huijser (The Netherlands), \u0026nbsp;D. Janda (Czech Republic), O. Jindřich (Czech Republic), V. Kautman (Slovakia), S. Kom\u0026iacute;nkov\u0026aacute; (Czech Republic), J. Novotn\u0026yacute; (Czech Republic), P. Ke\u0026scaron;eľ\u0026aacute;k (Slovakia), E. Suarez (Spain), M. Va\u0026scaron;utov\u0026aacute; (Czech Republic), and A. Verbeken (Belgium) for providing their collections for our studies and our herbaria. R.P. also thanks his friend Roberto Fontenla for collaboration in the study of this genus. The authors also wish to thank Roman Plichta (Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic), for help with the SEM microphotography of the basidiospores. The studies of V.A. and H.\u0026Scaron;. were made possible by the support provided to the Moravian Museum by the Ministry of Culture of the Czech Republic as part of its long-term conceptual development program for research institutions (DKRVO, ref. MK000094862). 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Urticocystis, ITS, rpb2, tef1, systematics ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2404494/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2404494/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cem\u003eMelanoleuca\u003c/em\u003e is one of the taxonomically most complicated genera of Agaricomycetes. The aim of this study is taxonomic revision of European specimens confused with \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e A.H. Sm. and delimitation of four species, \u003cem\u003eM. brachyspora\u003c/em\u003e Harmaja, \u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e (Velen.) K\u0026uuml;hner \u0026amp; Maire, \u003cem\u003eM. rufipes\u003c/em\u003e Bon and \u003cem\u003eM. stridula\u003c/em\u003e (Fr.) Singer. The research is based on macro- and micromorphological characters and the multigene phylogenetic analyses of a combined (ITS, rpb2, and tef1) dataset. According to the result, the two new species are proposed \u0026ndash; \u003cem\u003eM. monticola\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. which accomodates European specimens previously confused with American species \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eM. romanensis\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. from Italy. Moreover, American specimens identified as \u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e belongs to three different phylogenetic species (\u003cem\u003eM. angelesiana\u003c/em\u003e sensu typi, \u003cem\u003eM. acystidiata\u003c/em\u003e aff. and one more separate lineage). \u003cem\u003eM. graminicola\u003c/em\u003e is emended and the respective epitype designated. An identification key of the European species of subg. \u003cem\u003eUrticocystis\u003c/em\u003e is provided.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Melanoleuca monticola and M. romanensis, two new European species of Melanoleuca, and comments to M. graminicola group","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-01-03 14:26:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2404494/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":1}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1ee8708e-8373-4541-bc65-af4fdf4e6f1b","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 3rd, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-01-08T01:14:17+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-01-03 14:26:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2404494","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2404494","identity":"rs-2404494","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}