Evaluating The Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Medicine on Swiss Albino Mice: An In-Vivo, In-vitro and In-Silico Insights

Evaluating The Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Medicine on Swiss Albino Mice: An In-Vivo, In-vitro and In-Silico Insights | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluating The Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity of Herbal Medicine on Swiss Albino Mice: An In-Vivo, In-vitro and In-Silico Insights Md. Murshid Alom, Md. Rausan Zamir, Nazmul Islam, Md. Khalekuzzaman, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4719074/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Herbal medicine, also known as botanical medicine or phytotherapy, involves using different parts of plants for medicinal purposes, aiming to inhibit various medical conditions and promote overall safety. The adverse health effects and level of toxicity of herbal medicine are not proven by testing, manufacturing, and labeling standards and regulations according to FDA. This analysis was undertaken to examine the hepato-renal toxicity of Carmina, a well‑known Hamdard herbal formulation that is prescribed for balancing of gastric problem. Swiss albino mice considering between 20–25 gram were utilized for conducting this study. The solution of Carmina was given orally at two different doses (0.5 milliliter per kg and 2.5 milliliter per kg body weight) for fourteen consecutive days. Paracetamol for a single lethal hepato-renal toxic dose and allopathic drugs Maxpro were used for standard. Liver and kidney damage were assessed by measuring the levels of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride, total protein (TP), bilirubin, albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urea. Besides, oxidative stress marker (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase activity) and histopathology analysis were evaluated. Finally, in-silico validation was done by applying Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model. Treatment with Carmina exhibited non-significant difference in enzyme levels and oxidative stress marker as compared with saline control group. Normal cellular level was found in the histopathology examination of liver and kidney tissue. There was a considerable toxicity level were found according to QSAR model validation (r 2 & q 2 value). Biochemical parameters from serum, histological evaluation, and oxidative stress parameters of liver and kidney tissue substantiated that the studied herbal medicine does not create the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic disorder on experimented animals. However, there was a considerable toxicity were found through in-silico validation, it was concluded that the studied herbal medicine is pharmacologically safe. Hepatotoxicity Nephrotoxicity Oxidative stress Biochemical Parameter Liver Kidney Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementaryfile1.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4719074","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":332885352,"identity":"97d481a1-1464-4061-8348-6fd39fb540db","order_by":0,"name":"Md. Murshid Alom","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Rajshahi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Md.","middleName":"Murshid","lastName":"Alom","suffix":""},{"id":332885353,"identity":"3d8571e5-6b99-4a86-941b-c9807a2ce47f","order_by":1,"name":"Md. 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The adverse health effects and level of toxicity of herbal medicine are not proven by testing, manufacturing, and labeling standards and regulations according to FDA. This analysis was undertaken to examine the hepato-renal toxicity of Carmina, a well‑known Hamdard herbal formulation that is prescribed for balancing of gastric problem. Swiss albino mice considering between 20\u0026ndash;25 gram were utilized for conducting this study. The solution of Carmina was given orally at two different doses (0.5 milliliter per kg and 2.5 milliliter per kg body weight) for fourteen consecutive days. Paracetamol for a single lethal hepato-renal toxic dose and allopathic drugs Maxpro were used for standard. Liver and kidney damage were assessed by measuring the levels of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglyceride, total protein (TP), bilirubin, albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and urea. Besides, oxidative stress marker (reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, catalase activity) and histopathology analysis were evaluated. Finally, \u003cem\u003ein-silico\u003c/em\u003e validation was done by applying Quantitative structure\u0026ndash;activity relationship (QSAR) model. Treatment with Carmina exhibited non-significant difference in enzyme levels and oxidative stress marker as compared with saline control group. Normal cellular level was found in the histopathology examination of liver and kidney tissue. There was a considerable toxicity level were found according to QSAR model validation (r\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026amp; q\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e value). Biochemical parameters from serum, histological evaluation, and oxidative stress parameters of liver and kidney tissue substantiated that the studied herbal medicine does not create the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic disorder on experimented animals. 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