Priors and Prejudice: Hierarchical predictive processing in (ambiguous) intergroup perception

Predictive processing has become a popular framework by which to understand cognitive processes. However, relatively little has been done to understand how predictive processing in the brain can be applied to understanding intergroup perception, particularly under conditions of sensory ambiguity. Here, we suggest that predictive processing may provide utility as both an explanatory and hypothesis generating device for explaining biased intergroup perception, which can then result in biased decision making and actions. We first outline predictive processing, and describe its theoretical deviation and advantages compared to competing perceptual frameworks. We then synthesize ostensibly divergent literatures that relate to intergroup perception, outlining how this evidence may lend credence to the predictive processing framework. We then end with predictions that the predictive processing approach would offer for intergroup perception, offering specific methodologies and paradigms which could evaluate them. In sum, we posit that utilizing predictive processing in explaining biased intergroup perception could offer a theoretical step forward for explaining biased social perception more broadly. Such an integration has important implications for future research on prejudice at the interpersonal, intergroup, and societal levels. We hope that a deeper understanding of how (racial) bias influences early perception could lead to novel interventions.