Inequitable Access: Factors Associated with Incomplete Referrals to Pediatric Cardiology

Objective: To assess the variables associated with unscheduled and incomplete cardiology clinic visits among referred pediatric patients with a focus on equity gaps. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective chart review for patients less than 18 years of age who were referred to cardiology clinics at a single quaternary referral center from 2017 to 2019. We collected patient demographic data including race, an index of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation linked to a patient’s geocoded address, referral information, and cardiology clinic information. The primary outcome was an incomplete clinic visit. The secondary outcome was an unscheduled appointment. Independent associations were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results: There were 10,610 new referrals; 6,954 (66%) completed new cardiology clinic visits. Black race (OR 1.41; 95% CI 1.22-1.63), public insurance (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.14-1.46), and a higher deprivation index (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.08-1.61) were associated with higher odds of incomplete visit compared to the respective reference groups of White race, private insurance, and a lower deprivation index. The findings for unscheduled visit were similar. A shorter time elapsed from the initial referral to when the appointment was made was associated with lower odds of incomplete visit (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.52-0.74). Conclusion: Race, insurance type, neighborhood deprivation, and time from referral date to appointment made were each associated with incomplete referrals to pediatric cardiology. Interventions directed to understand such associations and respond accordingly could help to equitably improve referral completion.