Association between glycemic control and risk of venous thromboembolism in diabetic patients: A nested case-control study

Abstract Background:Previous studies suggested an elevated risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with a possible sex difference. The impact of glycemic control on the risk of VTE is unclear. Our objective was to analyze the association between glycemic control and the risk of unprovoked (idiopathic) VTE in men and women with T2DM. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control analysis (1:4 matching) within a cohort of patients with incident T2DM between 1995–2019 using data from the CPRD GOLD. We excluded patients with known risk factors for VTE prior to onset of DM. Cases were T2DM patients with an unprovoked treated VTE. The exposure of interest was glycemic control measured as HbA1c levels. We conducted conditional logistic regression analyses adjusted for several confounders. Results: We identified 3’896 VTE cases and 15’584 controls (56% females). We found no association between the HbA1c level and the risk of VTE in our main analysis. However, when the most recent HbA1c value was within 90 days before the index date, women with HbA1c levels > 7.0% had an 18–35% increased relative risk of VTE when compared to women with HbA1c > 6.5-7.0%. Conclusions: Our study raises the possibility that female T2DM patients with HbA1c levels > 7% may have a slightly higher risk for unprovoked VTE compared to women with HbA1c level > 6.5-7.0%. This increase may not be causal and may reflect differences in life style or other characteristics. We observed no effect of glycemic control on the risk of VTE in men.