Seasonal patterns in melasma incidence and correlation to Google Trends search volume: A cross-sectional analysis

Melasma is a hyperpigmenting disorder primarily affecting darker-skinned individuals and women of reproductive age. Melasma has being associated with photoaging and sun exposure. As such, in this study we investigate seasonal trends in melasma diagnoses, considering race and ethnicity, and seasonal Google search trends. We utilized the Mass General Brigham Research Patient Data Registry (RPDR) and Google Trends data from 2015 to 2022. Among 3,895 melasma patients identified in RPDR, the mean age of diagnosis was 43.9 years. We found the highest melasma incidence was seen in Fall, especially among White, Asian, and Hispanic patients. Black patients exhibited dual peaks in incidence in both the Spring and Fall. Google Trends search data showed increased search during Summer, suggesting a delay between melasma development, and therefore searches, and formal dermatologist evaluation. Overall, this study highlights the seasonal periodicity of melasma and underscores the importance of year-round sun protection and counseling for individuals of all Fitzpatrick skin types.