Almanac Copilot: Towards Autonomous Electronic Health Record Navigation

preprint OA: closed CC-BY-4.0
📄 Open PDF Full text JSON View at publisher
Full text 11,981 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Almanac Copilot: Towards Autonomous Electronic Health Record Navigation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Almanac Copilot: Towards Autonomous Electronic Health Record Navigation Cyril Zakka, Joseph Cho, Gracia Fahed, Rohan Shad, Michael Moor, and 7 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6102516/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Clinicians spend large amounts of time on clinical documentation, and inefficiencies impact quality of care and increase clinician burnout. Despite the promise of electronic medical records (EMR), the transition from paper-based records has been negatively associated with clinician wellness, in part due to poor user experience, increased burden of documentation, and alert fatigue. In this study, we present Almanac Copilot, an autonomous agent capable of assisting clinicians with EMR-specific tasks such as information retrieval and order placement. On EHR-QA, a synthetic evaluation dataset of 300 common EHR queries based on real patient data, Almanac Copilot obtains a successful task completion rate of 74% (n = 221 tasks) with a mean score of 2.45/3 (95% CI:2.34-2.56). By automating routine tasks and streamlining the documentation process, our findings highlight the significant potential of autonomous agents to mitigate the cognitive load imposed on clinicians by current EMR systems. Biological sciences/Biotechnology Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6102516","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":429515291,"identity":"0a79c446-ab1c-4e48-9103-3944cc49c4ae","order_by":0,"name":"Cyril Zakka","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACZsYGBhsw6wOQA6QSiNKSxsDDwMA4gxQth0nQwt9/+LHhjJrz9vbsZw82fNxjzcDPnmOAV4vEgWPGiRuO3U7s4clLbJzxLJ1BsucNfi0GjA3GBx+w3U7gYcgxf8xz4DCDwQ0Cthgws38++ODfOXse/jeGzSAt9gS1sPEYJ25sO8DYI5ED0WIgQcgvZ3iKDWf2JSf23Hhj2DjjQDqPxJlnBXi18Pcf3yzZ883Onr0/x7DhwwFrOf725A14tWAAHtKUj4JRMApGwSjACgDL8UfZRoF3mwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cyril","middleName":"","lastName":"Zakka","suffix":""},{"id":429515292,"identity":"2b344117-44ae-4fad-bdea-4c2dc7b4a34f","order_by":1,"name":"Joseph Cho","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joseph","middleName":"","lastName":"Cho","suffix":""},{"id":429515293,"identity":"1e82e649-bda2-48df-b362-c5f9e70a243b","order_by":2,"name":"Gracia Fahed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gracia","middleName":"","lastName":"Fahed","suffix":""},{"id":429515294,"identity":"2f357370-8a9e-4763-8549-c2b001fa84b3","order_by":3,"name":"Rohan Shad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Pennsylvania","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rohan","middleName":"","lastName":"Shad","suffix":""},{"id":429515295,"identity":"d589162f-aa98-42c1-94a0-a0651b0a8c1c","order_by":4,"name":"Michael Moor","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"ETH Zurich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Michael","middleName":"","lastName":"Moor","suffix":""},{"id":429515296,"identity":"9fcf88f4-08bb-4d9c-a6c4-f15050c8fcf8","order_by":5,"name":"Robyn Fong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Robyn","middleName":"","lastName":"Fong","suffix":""},{"id":429515297,"identity":"e3d78ad1-14bc-42c1-9115-f63651bcabf6","order_by":6,"name":"Dhamanpreet Kaur","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dhamanpreet","middleName":"","lastName":"Kaur","suffix":""},{"id":429515298,"identity":"b289be70-9e71-4565-97e4-e3b021c92eb5","order_by":7,"name":"Vishnu Ravi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vishnu","middleName":"","lastName":"Ravi","suffix":""},{"id":429515299,"identity":"e9172a87-85d6-4af9-99d8-fa4d478322e6","order_by":8,"name":"Oliver Aalami","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oliver","middleName":"","lastName":"Aalami","suffix":""},{"id":429515300,"identity":"189d7f9a-1969-430a-80b4-dc0f01baa47b","order_by":9,"name":"Roxana Daneshjou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Roxana","middleName":"","lastName":"Daneshjou","suffix":""},{"id":429515301,"identity":"8087b742-8b5f-4880-a0ea-7fa3ce0024c7","order_by":10,"name":"Akshay Chaudhari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Akshay","middleName":"","lastName":"Chaudhari","suffix":""},{"id":429515302,"identity":"ecce69f2-8e72-4656-9e1a-acfafffc843d","order_by":11,"name":"William Hiesinger","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"William","middleName":"","lastName":"Hiesinger","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-25 07:38:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6102516/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6102516/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78711999,"identity":"93598b76-3e4c-41eb-882c-074ecc978df6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-18 01:36:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":599025,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"output.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6102516/v1_covered_7e9855a1-2218-422c-8458-d02e00f82c1b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Almanac Copilot: Towards Autonomous Electronic Health Record Navigation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6102516/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6102516/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Clinicians spend large amounts of time on clinical documentation, and inefficiencies impact quality of care and increase clinician burnout. Despite the promise of electronic medical records (EMR), the transition from paper-based records has been negatively associated with clinician wellness, in part due to poor user experience, increased burden of documentation, and alert fatigue. In this study, we present Almanac Copilot, an autonomous agent capable of assisting clinicians with EMR-specific tasks such as information retrieval and order placement. On EHR-QA, a synthetic evaluation dataset of 300 common EHR queries based on real patient data, Almanac Copilot obtains a successful task completion rate of 74\\% (n = 221 tasks) with a mean score of 2.45/3 (95\\% CI:2.34-2.56). By automating routine tasks and streamlining the documentation process, our findings highlight the significant potential of autonomous agents to mitigate the cognitive load imposed on clinicians by current EMR systems.","manuscriptTitle":"Almanac Copilot: Towards Autonomous Electronic Health Record Navigation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-18 01:28:26","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6102516/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b25e4125-e047-4a58-9740-586b16503443","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 18th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":45746409,"name":"Biological sciences/Biotechnology"},{"id":45746410,"name":"Biological sciences/Computational biology and bioinformatics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-03-18T01:28:26+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-18 01:28:26","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6102516","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6102516","identity":"rs-6102516","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. This is a recent paper (2025) — citers typically take a year or two to land, and the OpenAlex reference graph may still be filling in.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-20T01:45:00.602351+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-05-22T02:00:06.705733+00:00
License: CC-BY-4.0