Radiological Risk Assessment of Mined Trona Commonly Consumed in Minna, Niger State, North-central Nigeria

Radiological Risk Assessment of Mined Trona Commonly Consumed in Minna, Niger State, North-central Nigeria | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Radiological Risk Assessment of Mined Trona Commonly Consumed in Minna, Niger State, North-central Nigeria Abdullahi Muhammad, Mathew T. Tsepav, Aliyu A. Ibrahim, Olalekan Ihinkalu, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6808402/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study reports the concentration of naturally occurring radionuclide materials in mined salts ( Trona ) generally consumed in Minna, Niger State north-central Nigeria. Because of the increase in the consumption of Trona in Minna, the government is considering enacting a policy that will regulate the radiological effects of trona in the general population. Eight (8) varieties of Trona currently in the market were purchased. The samples were analyzed using NaI(TI) gamma ray spectrometry. The radiological parameters, such as radium equivalent (Raeq), annual effective dose (AED), internal hazard index (Hin), and total cancer risk (fatality plus hereditary) were used to estimate the radiological risk associated with the ingestion of mined Trona . The average activity concentration of 40 K, 226 Ra, and 232 Th varied from 331.12 Bqkg − 1 , 19.39 Bqkg − 1 , and 6.42 Bqkg − 1 , respectively. Raeq, Hin, and AED were estimated at 54.08 Bqkg − 1 , 0.19, and 40.28 mSv/y, respectively. These results were within the acceptable limits by UNSCEAR and USEPA and there is no apparent justification for radiological risk concern in the current Trona consumption rate in Minna. Trona annual effective dose radiological risk gamma-spectrometry hazard indices Niger State Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6808402","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":468337425,"identity":"350c8fcc-f18f-4d6f-89f1-10205d8d6d25","order_by":0,"name":"Abdullahi Muhammad","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCQbmBgbGBmYGPnYGNobEf//kQKIHHuDVwgjRwgZEDAlsB4zBWhKI1sLAdiCxASSMT4tk+8HGBz93WCe2MTM/e/CA5076/LDDD4G22MnpNmDXIs2T2GzYeyYdqIXN3CBB4lnuxttpBkAtycZmB7BrkWNIbJPgbTsM1MJgJpFgwJy7cXYCSMuBxG24tPA/bP/5F6yF/ZtEQgJzuuHs9A94tUhLABVDbOEB2nLgcIK8dA5+WyRnPGyWlj2TbgzUUiaR2JBmuEE6p+BAggFuv0icTz748e0Oa9l+9vZtkj8bbOTlZ6dv/vChwk4OlxZMYABWaUCschCQbyBF9SgYBaNgFIwEAAAYh2LPtmFLugAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-7536","institution":"Ibrahim badamasi Babangida University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdullahi","middleName":"","lastName":"Muhammad","suffix":""},{"id":468337426,"identity":"85a95c4c-1370-475d-adc1-44158cdf86b1","order_by":1,"name":"Mathew T. 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Because of the increase in the consumption of \u003cem\u003eTrona\u003c/em\u003e in Minna, the government is considering enacting a policy that will regulate the radiological effects of \u003cem\u003etrona\u003c/em\u003e in the general population. Eight (8) varieties of \u003cem\u003eTrona\u003c/em\u003e currently in the market were purchased. The samples were analyzed using NaI(TI) gamma ray spectrometry. The radiological parameters, such as radium equivalent (Raeq), annual effective dose (AED), internal hazard index (Hin), and total cancer risk (fatality plus hereditary) were used to estimate the radiological risk associated with the ingestion of mined \u003cem\u003eTrona\u003c/em\u003e. The average activity concentration of \u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003eK, \u003csup\u003e226\u003c/sup\u003eRa, and \u003csup\u003e232\u003c/sup\u003eTh varied from 331.12 Bqkg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, 19.39 Bqkg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, and 6.42 Bqkg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, respectively. Raeq, Hin, and AED were estimated at 54.08 Bqkg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, 0.19, and 40.28 mSv/y, respectively. These results were within the acceptable limits by UNSCEAR and USEPA and there is no apparent justification for radiological risk concern in the current \u003cem\u003eTrona\u003c/em\u003e consumption rate in Minna.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Radiological Risk Assessment of Mined Trona Commonly Consumed in Minna, Niger State, North-central Nigeria","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-19 04:20:10","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6808402/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"56b3c7fc-cf7d-4259-9092-31727992d625","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-12T18:32:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-19 04:20:10","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6808402","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6808402","identity":"rs-6808402","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}