Analysis of human factors in aircraft accidents on the apron based on H-S-TER model

Analysis of human factors in aircraft accidents on the apron based on H-S-TER model | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Analysis of human factors in aircraft accidents on the apron based on H-S-TER model Yanan Zhang, Boyuan Wang, Zhenyue Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6489403/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To enhance the comprehensiveness and systematicness of human factor analysis in aircraft accidents on the apron, this paper integrates the environmental adaptability of the SHEL model, the failure traceability mechanism of the HFACS model, and the accident chain tracking advantage of the TER model to construct the H-S-TER composite analysis model. This model, through the ternary structure of trigger factors, unsafe behaviors, and result events, realizes the multi-level deconstruction of human-caused factors from organizational management to the operation interface. Based on the weighted directed network topology analysis, combined with indicators such as node weighted degree, network density, average path length, and clustering coefficient, the risk transmission mechanism is quantified, and key causal nodes are identified. The case analysis shows that the coupling of operational layer mistakes (pilot judgment errors) and organizational layer loopholes (lack of training supervision) is the core cause of the accident, and the network topological features (density 0.3333, average path 0.9444) further amplify the risk transmission efficiency. In addition, through the coordinate axis method and trigger factor classification, the commonalities of multiple events are revealed, and multi-dimensional collaborative defense strategies are proposed. It is verified that the system control of low-weight high-association nodes can effectively suppress risks. The research shows that the H-S-TER model significantly optimizes the apron safety prevention and control efficiency through a "low input - high benefit" path, providing theoretical support and practical reference for aviation human factor analysis. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Engineering/Aerospace engineering human factor Aviation safety SHEL model HFACS model H-S-TER model Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6489403","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":451958997,"identity":"4274e144-ee18-4375-b3d5-d6a7e5563dfe","order_by":0,"name":"Yanan Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAu0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgcJP2x4+PkbiNfCbPCxJ01GcsYB4rWwCc5gO2xj0JBApHr5GbnHmHl4zvMYMBxg/PAxhwgtjDPy0h7zWNzmMWduYJacuY0ILcwSOebGPDy3eSwbDrAx8xKjhU0ix0yah+0cj8GBBCK18AC1SM5gO0CCFgmeN8bAQE7mkZxxsJk4v8i35xgCo9LOnp+/+eCHj8RoYRBIgLEYG4hRDwT8B4hUOApGwSgYBSMXAAB7KzIvyArrZwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Civil Aviation University of China","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":451958998,"identity":"bd1995e1-580d-4ffa-af03-7140c8b8bb0c","order_by":1,"name":"Boyuan Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Civil Aviation University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Boyuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":451958999,"identity":"1cc85ea9-e92a-4d3f-b5c2-d7ad7c38fdfd","order_by":2,"name":"Zhenyue Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Civil Aviation University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhenyue","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-20 13:08:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6489403/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6489403/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":85540757,"identity":"091de39d-3550-456b-852c-044f56907663","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-27 06:38:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":649175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AnalysisofhumanfactorsinaircraftaccidentsontheapronbasedonHSTERmodel.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6489403/v1_covered_405c815c-d7e8-48f7-8280-de9d28486e12.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of human factors in aircraft accidents on the apron based on H-S-TER model","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"human factor, Aviation safety, SHEL model, HFACS model, H-S-TER model","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6489403/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6489403/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo enhance the comprehensiveness and systematicness of human factor analysis in aircraft accidents on the apron, this paper integrates the environmental adaptability of the SHEL model, the failure traceability mechanism of the HFACS model, and the accident chain tracking advantage of the TER model to construct the H-S-TER composite analysis model. This model, through the ternary structure of trigger factors, unsafe behaviors, and result events, realizes the multi-level deconstruction of human-caused factors from organizational management to the operation interface. Based on the weighted directed network topology analysis, combined with indicators such as node weighted degree, network density, average path length, and clustering coefficient, the risk transmission mechanism is quantified, and key causal nodes are identified. The case analysis shows that the coupling of operational layer mistakes (pilot judgment errors) and organizational layer loopholes (lack of training supervision) is the core cause of the accident, and the network topological features (density 0.3333, average path 0.9444) further amplify the risk transmission efficiency. In addition, through the coordinate axis method and trigger factor classification, the commonalities of multiple events are revealed, and multi-dimensional collaborative defense strategies are proposed. It is verified that the system control of low-weight high-association nodes can effectively suppress risks. 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