Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Furan: Development of A Green Process Using Chromium-exchanged Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid: Effect of Support, Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling

Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Furan: Development of A Green Process Using Chromium-exchanged Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid: Effect of Support, Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Furan: Development of A Green Process Using Chromium-exchanged Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid: Effect of Support, Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling Deepak S. Desai, Ganapati D. Yadav This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-234024/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy → Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The Friedel-Crafts acylation of furan with acetic anhydride to produce 2-acyl furan is industrially important. With an aim of replacing the highly polluting process, it this study, supported but modified heteropoly acids were used. Metal exchanged dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP) was loaded on three different supports and its effect on acylation was evaluated. Thus, chromium exchanged DTP was supported on K-10, SiO 2 , and ZrO 2 using the incipient wetness impregnation method. 20% w/w Cr 0.66 -DTP/K-10 having the best activity for the acylation of furan with acetic anhydride was chosen for full characterization and reaction kinetics. Under optimized condition, the catalyst to furan ratio was 9.6%, significantly less as per prior art, which gave 88% conversion with 100% selectivity. The prepared catalysts were characterized by sophisticated techniques, namely, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, NH 3 -TPD, TGA, and BET. The Eley-Rideal mechanism was found to fit the kinetic data. The activation energy was found to be 18.03 kcal/mol. The reaction is green and clean as no chlorinated chemicals, reagents, and catalysts were used. Environmental Policy Friedel Crafts Acylation Heteropoly acid Chromium exchanged dodecatungstophosphoric acid Clay Eley-Rideal Mechanism Kinetics Green Chemistry Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the latest manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Tables Table 1. NH 3 -TPD and Surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of K-10 supported catalysts. Sr. No. Catalyst Acidity (mmol of NH 3 g-1) Surface area (m 2 g) Pore diameter (nm) Pore volume (cm 3 /g) Weak Moderate/Strong Total 1 K-10 0.68 0.19 0.86 240 6 0.39 2 20% w/w DTP/K-10 0.77 1.02 1.79 107.3 7.4 0.32 3 20% w/w Cr 0.66 -DTP/K-10 0.85 1.22 2.07 145.6 7 0.3 4 Reused 20% w/w Cr 0.66 -DTP/K-10 0.83 1.21 2.04 143.1 7.1 0.3 Table 2. Kinetic parameters of acylation of furan with acetic anhydride at various temperature. Sr. No. T (K) k (cm 6 mol -1 g -1 s -1 ) K B (cm 3 mol -1 ) Activation energy (E) (kcal mol -1 ) 1. 303 0.036 0.014 2. 313 0.082 0.011 18.03 3. 323 0.240 0.007 4. 333 0.510 0.004 Supplementary Files 4.ESIDSDGDY11012021.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy → Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 11 Feb, 2021 First submitted to journal 11 Feb, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 10 Feb, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-234024","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":11723958,"identity":"86bd1b38-bb55-465f-9d7f-6020f23a8e39","order_by":0,"name":"Deepak S. Desai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Chemical Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Deepak","middleName":"S.","lastName":"Desai","suffix":""},{"id":11723959,"identity":"28983f2d-d46f-42aa-a591-06be789b8268","order_by":1,"name":"Ganapati D. Yadav","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCBAYGHgYGOTBJkhZj0rUkNhCtRd49x/DDm5rD6RuOnz344AODnZxuAwEthmfeGEvOOXY4d8OZvGTDGQzJxmYHCGmZkWMgzcOWlrvhQI6ZNA/DgcRtRGgx/s3zLy3d4PwbIrXISwAN522zSTC4QawtBjzPyizn9tkYzrzxxthwhgERfpFvT9584803CXm+8zmGDz5U2MkR1GJwgMMAzFAAqzQgoBxsSwP7AyiDCNWjYBSMglEwMgEAoSFD3Ab4pUkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8603-3959","institution":"Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ganapati","middleName":"D.","lastName":"Yadav","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-02-11 13:20:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-234024/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-234024/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02162-4","type":"published","date":"2021-07-23T15:02:25+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":6327567,"identity":"4184171f-6d77-44d9-a9f6-0af5070923e0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-24 20:47:14","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":34215,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"XRD of (a) K-10, (b) 20% w/w DTP/K-10, (c) 20% w/w Cr0.66-DTP/K-10, and (d) reused 20% w/w Cr0.66-DTP/K-10.","description":"","filename":"f1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-234024/v1/0521e463ba69dc0207a2d5a8.jpg"},{"id":6327568,"identity":"a1f45567-74a8-4b89-b6b0-712fbb136f0f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-24 20:47:14","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30082,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"FT-IR of (a) K-10, (b) 20% w/w DTP/K-10, (c) 20% w/w Cr0.66-DTP/K-10, and (d) reused 20% w/w Cr0.66-DTP/K-10.","description":"","filename":"f2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-234024/v1/80e74b50607bef52ee751362.jpg"},{"id":6327494,"identity":"d9478606-9041-4ebc-afb2-2bb0ef560c39","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-24 20:44:14","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":25330,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of various catalysts on conversion of furan: Furan 2.50 g (0.036 mol), acetic anhydride 18.74 g (0.18 mol), catalyst loading 0.0125 g/cm3, speed of agitation 1000 rpm, temperature 50 ºC, total volume 20 cm3, reaction time 180 min.","description":"","filename":"f3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-234024/v1/66a7a8beeb3cd1e2bb6c2be2.jpg"},{"id":6327598,"identity":"20291255-a9a5-4561-abe2-11cc97951a75","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-24 20:50:15","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":23321,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of temperature on conversion of furan: Furan 2.50 g (0.036 mol), acetic anhydride 18.74 g (0.18 mol), catalyst loading 0.0125 g/cm3, speed of agitation 1000 rpm, total volume 20 cm3, reaction time 180 min.","description":"","filename":"f4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-234024/v1/6edac8e8ce45b529d5bc1401.jpg"},{"id":6327500,"identity":"3c9639a1-8142-46c6-8c56-a1f8dc0e56d6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-24 20:44:15","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":94581,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(a). Plot of -ln (1-XB) + [XB/(1-XB)] vs. time for M = 1.(b). Plot of ln (1 - XB) + M [ln ((M - XB)/M)] vs. time for M = 3.(c). Plot of ln (1 - XB) + M [ln ((M - XB)/M)] vs. time for M = 5.","description":"","filename":"f5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-234024/v1/69a69e1a6727207b6ae7a5b6.jpg"},{"id":6327496,"identity":"d31d528f-f8b1-4b53-9d46-98e8b8bee135","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-24 20:44:14","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":20088,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Arrhenius Plot","description":"","filename":"f6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-234024/v1/517accfa3eaca569ce064c26.jpg"},{"id":13672030,"identity":"613306c7-8e07-4c85-a032-bd6ea51a6a47","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 11:11:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":309977,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-234024/v1/2d4d4224-b9ef-4a7d-92bc-9ac050d0bc45.pdf"},{"id":6327570,"identity":"6a26fd95-9da8-4290-9a4f-f9c95ca7474d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-24 20:47:15","extension":"docx","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":518812,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"4.ESIDSDGDY11012021.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-234024/v1/2801e32123e00d72daa98670.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Furan: Development of A Green Process Using Chromium-exchanged Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid: Effect of Support, Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the latest manuscript can be downloaded and \u003ca href='/article/rs-234024/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003e accessed as a PDF.\u003c/a\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 200%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);'\u003eTable 1.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:16px;line-height:200%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eNH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-TPD and Surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of K-10 supported catalysts.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border: none;width:519.7pt;border-collapse:collapse;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:41.35pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:45.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eSr. No.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:125.3pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:45.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eCatalyst\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:191.15pt;border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:45.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eAcidity (mmol of NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e g-1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:61.35pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:45.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eSurface area (m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003eg)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:53.3pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:45.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePore diameter (nm)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:47.25pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:45.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePore volume (cm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e/g)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eWeak\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:93.0pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eModerate/Strong\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:42.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:17.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eK-10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.35pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.68\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:93.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp 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Policy","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Friedel Crafts Acylation, Heteropoly acid, Chromium exchanged dodecatungstophosphoric acid, Clay, Eley-Rideal Mechanism, Kinetics, Green Chemistry","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-234024/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-234024/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe Friedel-Crafts acylation of furan with acetic anhydride to produce 2-acyl furan is industrially important. With an aim of replacing the highly polluting process, it this study, supported but modified heteropoly acids were used. Metal exchanged dodecatungstophosphoric acid (DTP) was loaded on three different supports and its effect on acylation was evaluated. Thus, chromium exchanged DTP was supported on K-10, SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, and ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e using the incipient wetness impregnation method. 20% w/w Cr\u003csub\u003e0.66\u003c/sub\u003e-DTP/K-10 having the best activity for the acylation of furan with acetic anhydride was chosen for full characterization and reaction kinetics. Under optimized condition, the catalyst to furan ratio was 9.6%, significantly less as per prior art, which gave 88% conversion with 100% selectivity. The prepared catalysts were characterized by sophisticated techniques, namely, XRD, FT-IR, SEM, NH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e-TPD, TGA, and BET. The Eley-Rideal mechanism was found to fit the kinetic data. The activation energy was found to be 18.03\u0026nbsp;kcal/mol. The reaction is green and clean as no chlorinated chemicals, reagents, and catalysts were used.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Furan: Development of A Green Process Using Chromium-exchanged Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid: Effect of Support, Mechanism and Kinetic Modelling","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-02-24 20:44:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-234024/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-02-12T00:00:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy","date":"2021-02-11T08:20:25+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-02-11T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"clean-technologies-and-environmental-policy","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ctep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy](https://www.springer.com/journal/10098)","snPcode":"10098","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10098/3","title":"Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5c963d28-35b4-40a7-b066-78c656f06216","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 24th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":2612518,"name":"Environmental Policy"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-08-22T15:13:24+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-234024","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02162-4","journal":{"identity":"clean-technologies-and-environmental-policy","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy"},"publishedOn":"2021-07-23 15:02:25","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 23rd, 2021"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-02-24 20:44:13","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s10098-021-02162-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-021-02162-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-234024","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-234024","identity":"rs-234024","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}