A study on the influences of high soil resistivity on the behavior of the grounding electrodes affected by lightning strokes

This article presents a study for the investigation of the impacts of the high soil resistivity of homogeneous and heterogeneous soils on the behavior of the grounding electrodes affected by lightning strokes when the soil ionization phenomenon is considered. Investigations are done on the performance of the grounding electrode when the soil resistivity is taken between 500 and 2000 Ω.m in homogeneous soil and for positive and negative reflection factors in case of heterogeneous soils. In the proposed model of this study for heterogeneous soils, it is taken into account that each layer of soil has its own resistivity and its own permittivity which are frequency-dependent. The field of the soil ionization around grounding electrode under lightning is investigated. The results are presented to understand the performance of the grounding electrode such as impulse impedance, grounding potential rise, front time of lightning stroke, the peak current of a lightning stroke, and type of grounding electrode and effective length of a grounding electrode. The transmission line approach with the aid of the (ATP) which is defined as hybrid approach is used to compute the transient performance of the vertical and horizontal grounding electrodes under lightning influence. The results are supported by the latest published articles to ensure its credibility.