Gd-Doped Ceria with Extraordinary Oxygen-Ion Conductivity for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Gd-Doped Ceria with Extraordinary Oxygen-Ion Conductivity for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Gd-Doped Ceria with Extraordinary Oxygen-Ion Conductivity for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Prerna Vinchhi, Abhijit Ray, Kaushik Mallik, Ranjan Pati This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849786/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Doped ceria has been extensively explored as an efficient electrolyte material for intermediate to low temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Among other ceria electrolytes, gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) is one of the most extensively studied electrolyte materials for low temperature SOFC applications. Here, co-precipitation method is employed to synthesize GDC composites with stoichiometric ratio of Gd x Ce 1−x O 2−δ ( with 0 \(\le\) x \(\le 0.\) 20). In this process, the molecular water of the precursors has been utilized during the co-precipitation to avoid possible agglomeration caused by hydrogen bonding. The cubic phase formation was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman profile ascribing absence of other phases. The granularity of the sample was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with elemental mapping by EDS. The electrochemical behavior was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which was taken between the temperature ranges of 350–700°C. It is observed from the EIS study that ceria doped with 15 mol % Gd 3+ (Gd 0.15 Ce 0.85 O 2−δ ) is having highest grain boundary ionic conductivity of about 0.104 S cm − 1 at 700°C with an activation energy of 0.81 eV. This work demonstrates the correlation between oxygen vacancy generation and the enhancement of ionic conductivity with Gd 3+ doping in ceria. Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Physics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 18 Feb, 2024 Reviews received at journal 12 Feb, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Feb, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 01 Feb, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 25 Jan, 2024 Editor invited by journal 25 Jan, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Jan, 2024 First submitted to journal 10 Jan, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3849786","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":269618918,"identity":"bcd141e2-4567-4ad9-83ba-222c92439a34","order_by":0,"name":"Prerna Vinchhi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Prerna","middleName":"","lastName":"Vinchhi","suffix":""},{"id":269618919,"identity":"596cb39a-db01-4e13-8744-eafa925e0b48","order_by":1,"name":"Abhijit Ray","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abhijit","middleName":"","lastName":"Ray","suffix":""},{"id":269618920,"identity":"95b94a64-db2f-4045-86cc-00b6873927b2","order_by":2,"name":"Kaushik Mallik","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Johannesburg","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kaushik","middleName":"","lastName":"Mallik","suffix":""},{"id":269618921,"identity":"689fca5b-4649-45f8-9015-fcc304328593","order_by":3,"name":"Ranjan Pati","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACAwjF2PgAwkiAUGwEtbAxNhsQrQWmgk0CRQsuYN5+9kDBzx0Mefzzm9sqf/yxYTBnzz0mwVBjx8An3YBVi8yZvATD3jMMxRLHGNtu87alMVj2vEuTYDiWzMAmcwCrFgmGHAMD3jaGxAaQFsaGwwwGN3LMJBjYDgDdid2FEvxvDAz/ArXMB2op/PHnP1TLPzxaJHIMjEG2bABqYeABGg7WwtiGT8sbA2PZNoliw2OJzdK8bck8QL8kWyT2JfPgdliOmeHbNps8ucPHH3788cdODhhiB298+GYnJz8DuxYgYAPGIMJAHgMGHnDU8OBSDwTMDxiQo88Ar+JRMApGwSgYiQAAdQ1UAlIIHboAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ranjan","middleName":"","lastName":"Pati","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-01-10 09:00:55","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849786/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849786/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59030-6","type":"published","date":"2024-08-16T15:57:05+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63070921,"identity":"c426de00-3c01-4028-96bd-95135c9fc304","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-22 19:57:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1232741,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GDCmanuscript04012024.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3849786/v1_covered_03bcda85-5351-4473-9544-98888eac0a59.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Gd-Doped Ceria with Extraordinary Oxygen-Ion Conductivity for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849786/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849786/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDoped ceria has been extensively explored as an efficient electrolyte material for intermediate to low temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Among other ceria electrolytes, gadolinia doped ceria (GDC) is one of the most extensively studied electrolyte materials for low temperature SOFC applications. Here, co-precipitation method is employed to synthesize GDC composites with stoichiometric ratio of Gd\u003csub\u003ex\u003c/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e1\u0026minus;x\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u0026minus;δ (\u003c/sub\u003ewith 0\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\le\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003ex \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\le 0.\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e20). In this process, the molecular water of the precursors has been utilized during the co-precipitation to avoid possible agglomeration caused by hydrogen bonding. The cubic phase formation was examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman profile ascribing absence of other phases. The granularity of the sample was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with elemental mapping by EDS. The electrochemical behavior was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which was taken between the temperature ranges of 350\u0026ndash;700\u0026deg;C. It is observed from the EIS study that ceria doped with 15 mol % Gd\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.15\u003c/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.85\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2\u0026minus;δ\u003c/sub\u003e) is having highest grain boundary ionic conductivity of about 0.104 S cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e at 700\u0026deg;C with an activation energy of 0.81 eV. This work demonstrates the correlation between oxygen vacancy generation and the enhancement of ionic conductivity with Gd\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e doping in ceria.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Gd-Doped Ceria with Extraordinary Oxygen-Ion Conductivity for Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-01-29 20:18:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3849786/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-02-19T04:49:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-02-12T06:28:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"2ed2f530-ebcf-4d45-80d3-a5708c8b05f9_SNPRID","date":"2024-02-01T12:33:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-02-01T12:30:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-01-25T08:55:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-01-25T07:27:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-01-25T05:41:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-01-10T08:59:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8ccb0d11-9ecd-4093-a335-408ea00146d4","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 29th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":28407901,"name":"Physical sciences/Energy science and technology"},{"id":28407902,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"},{"id":28407903,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-22T19:30:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-3849786","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59030-6","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-08-16 15:57:05","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 16th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-01-29 20:18:05","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-59030-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59030-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3849786","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3849786","identity":"rs-3849786","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}