Efficacy of Recent Immunotherapies in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review (2019-2024)

Efficacy of Recent Immunotherapies in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review (2019-2024) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Systematic Review Efficacy of Recent Immunotherapies in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review (2019-2024) Mohammed Alhamood, Hussam Al-Din Suleiman, Imad Saadeh, Amin Abbass This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4851265/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles. The pathophysiology involves autoantibodies targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction or muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). Recent advancements in immunotherapies have shown promise in managing MG symptoms, offering new treatment avenues and hope for patients who are refractory to conventional treatments. Objective This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of recent immunotherapies in the treatment of MG from 2019 to 2024. The review synthesizes evidence from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and limitations of these therapies, aiming to inform clinical practice and future research directions. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in several major databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, using keywords related to Myasthenia Gravis and immunotherapy, spanning the publication years from 2019 to 2024. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on human subjects and clearly defined outcome measures. Data were extracted and analyzed using rigorous statistical methods, including meta-analyses where applicable, to provide pooled estimates of treatment effects. Results The review includes 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies cover a range of immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, complement inhibitors, and T-cell modulators. The findings suggest significant improvements in muscle strength and reduction in symptom severity with the use of specific immunotherapies. Detailed statistical analyses and subgroup assessments are presented to delineate the efficacy across different patient populations. Conclusion Recent immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy in managing MG, with notable improvements in clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients. However, the high cost and potential adverse effects necessitate further research to optimize treatment protocols and enhance accessibility. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4851265","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Systematic Review","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":337020749,"identity":"0bf922f6-d7f9-4cfa-8e52-61f9ac925d07","order_by":0,"name":"Mohammed Alhamood","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCQYDEMXYIMF8AMSVIUULWwKIy0OKFh4wg7AW3dnNG5hu1GyT7Zfu+fzqRo0FDwP74aMb8Gkxu3OsgDnn2G3jmXPObrPOOQZ0GE9a2g28Wm7kGDDnsN1O3HAjd5txDhtQiwSPGRFa/oG05DwzzvlHrJbcNrAW5se5bURpSSs4nNsH9MuMNDPm3D4JHjbCfkne+Djn223Zfonkx59zvtXJ8bMfPoZXCwgcgNJsEmCSkHJkwPyBFNWjYBSMglEwcgAAJqNM/z2stJkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Tishreen Military Hospital","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohammed","middleName":"","lastName":"Alhamood","suffix":""},{"id":337020752,"identity":"b9a46e24-6d9b-4010-a696-980a2a604ac7","order_by":1,"name":"Hussam Al-Din Suleiman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tishreen Military Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hussam","middleName":"Al-Din","lastName":"Suleiman","suffix":""},{"id":337020754,"identity":"e2eec7c5-b753-4155-a04b-257393dfb944","order_by":2,"name":"Imad Saadeh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tishreen Military Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Imad","middleName":"","lastName":"Saadeh","suffix":""},{"id":337020756,"identity":"615becea-fb11-4524-99f5-ce03be28c1d2","order_by":3,"name":"Amin Abbass","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tishreen Military Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amin","middleName":"","lastName":"Abbass","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-03 04:06:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4851265/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4851265/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":63087195,"identity":"a9cc56dc-59d9-4a11-b33d-578fc686ec4d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-23 03:21:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":8290522,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SystematicReviewRecenttreatmentofMG.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4851265/v1_covered_95d71456-e1ae-4266-acdc-4bfbd50ef7e0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Efficacy of Recent Immunotherapies in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review (2019-2024)","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4851265/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4851265/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles. The pathophysiology involves autoantibodies targeting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction or muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). Recent advancements in immunotherapies have shown promise in managing MG symptoms, offering new treatment avenues and hope for patients who are refractory to conventional treatments.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective \u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of recent immunotherapies in the treatment of MG from 2019 to 2024. The review synthesizes evidence from multiple studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the benefits and limitations of these therapies, aiming to inform clinical practice and future research directions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e A comprehensive search was conducted in several major databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library, using keywords related to Myasthenia Gravis and immunotherapy, spanning the publication years from 2019 to 2024. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria focusing on human subjects and clearly defined outcome measures. Data were extracted and analyzed using rigorous statistical methods, including meta-analyses where applicable, to provide pooled estimates of treatment effects.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e The review includes 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. These studies cover a range of immunotherapies, including monoclonal antibodies, complement inhibitors, and T-cell modulators. The findings suggest significant improvements in muscle strength and reduction in symptom severity with the use of specific immunotherapies. Detailed statistical analyses and subgroup assessments are presented to delineate the efficacy across different patient populations.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026nbsp;Recent immunotherapies have demonstrated efficacy in managing MG, with notable improvements in clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients. However, the high cost and potential adverse effects necessitate further research to optimize treatment protocols and enhance accessibility.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Efficacy of Recent Immunotherapies in Myasthenia Gravis: A Systematic Review (2019-2024)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-23 02:56:55","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4851265/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":1}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8061feef-6ee3-41b6-b89e-a9d74b131c09","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 23rd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-23T02:56:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-23 02:56:55","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4851265","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4851265","identity":"rs-4851265","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}