Evaluation of the Quality and Reliability of Turkish and English YouTube Video Contents on Gingival Recession Treatment

Evaluation of the Quality and Reliability of Turkish and English YouTube Video Contents on Gingival Recession Treatment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Evaluation of the Quality and Reliability of Turkish and English YouTube Video Contents on Gingival Recession Treatment Murtaza Yelbay, Fatma Karacaoglu, Meriç Kurumlu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5330219/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality and reliability of Turkish and English YouTube video contents regarding the treatment of gingival recession. Material Methods: The terms "gingival recession treatment", "receding gum treatment", and "gingival recession surgery" were searched on the YouTube video platform using Turkish and English. 42 Turkish and 67 English videos that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Video title, origin, content type, duration, upload date, number of views, number of likes/dislikes, viewing rate and interaction index of the videos were recorded. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the DISCERN tool were used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the videos. Results In the study, the reliability scores of Turkish and English videos were found to be 2 and 3, respectively, according to DISCERN criteria. Both the content evaluation score and reliability scores of Turkish videos were found to be lower than those of English videos. The majority of Turkish videos were scored as GQS 1, while the majority of English videos were scored as GQS 2. 97% of both Turkish and English videos had low quality content. Conclusion In this study, we found that 97% of the evaluated videos had low quality content. In order to prevent the spread of misinformation and to ensure that patients can access accurate information, it would be beneficial for educational institutions and specialist to prepare interesting videos with comprehensive content that are easy to understand for patients and share them on internet platforms such as YouTube. Health sciences/Diseases Health sciences/Health care Health sciences/Health occupations Health sciences/Medical research gingival recession YouTube social media video content GQS DISCERN 1. INTRODUCTION Gingival recession is a common dental health problem worldwide [ 1 ]. Susceptibility factors such as gingival biotype, abnormal frenulum attachment, keratinized tissue width (KTW), and modifiable conditions such as plaque-related inflammation, traumatic force, and smoking can lead to gingival recession [ 2 ]. Gingival recession and the subsequent exposure of the root surface can cause problems such as dentin sensitivity, unaesthetic appearance, carious lesions on the exposed root surface, and non-carious cervical lesions. One of the long-term goals of periodontal treatment is to close exposed root surfaces with surgical treatments. Many surgical techniques [ 3 – 10 ] have been developed to cover exposed root surfaces. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, indications, and contraindications. Additionally, success rates vary depending on the case. Although surgical treatments are well-studied, safe, and effective methods that result in covering the recession defect, relieving pain, and preventing further progression of the recession [ 11 ], patients are not always willing to undergo invasive surgical treatments. In addition, reasons such as the presence of systemic problems may constitute contraindications for surgical treatments. In such cases, nonsurgical treatments aimed at the cause of the disease and existing symptoms should be considered. Treatment of gingival recession is possible with professional procedures recommended by dentists and proper dental care. However, many individuals consult online resources as well as physicians to obtain information about gingival recession and understand treatment options [ 12 ]. Today, the internet has become the world's primary and most common source of information. Information about medicine and dentistry, provided by experts trained in the relevant field in the past, has also become widespread on this platform today. Although the propensity to seek medical information on the internet potentially varies by age, habit, and location, the majority of people have been reported to use the internet for this purpose [ 13 ]. However, the ease of accessing this information has also increased the risk of exposure to health-related misinformation and incorrect recommendations. YouTube, a social media platform where people from all over the world upload, share, and watch videos in a simple and integrated way, is the second largest search engine after Google in terms of the number of visits [ 14 ]. YouTube offers a huge amount of content for both amateur and professional users about general, oral, and dental health. Since the content of the videos is not supervised by experts, it raises a question mark about the reliability and quality of the information presented [ 15 ]. Therefore, evaluating the quality of videos published on this platform is becoming increasingly important [ 16 ]. To our knowledge, there are few previous studies evaluating the quality of YouTube videos on periodontal treatments [ 12 , 17 ]. However, all of the studies include video content in English. According to the 2023 English Proficiency Index [ 18 ] data, Turkey ranked 66th among 113 countries within the scope of the research and was in the 'low level' category in English proficiency. Therefore, the reliability and quality of Turkish video content, as well as English video content, are of greater importance for the Turkish people. In this regard, our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the quality and reliability of both Turkish and English YouTube video contents regarding the treatment of gingival recession. 2. MATERIAL AND METHOD Since this study was not conducted on humans or with samples taken from humans and was conducted using a public website, ethics committee approval was not required. In the Google Trends application, the most searched term regarding gingival recession treatment was found to be "gingival recession treatment". In order to evaluate more videos using different search terms, it was decided to use the terms "gingival recession treatment", "receding gum treatment", and "gingival recession surgery" in Turkish and English in our study. Previous studies in the literature have reported that YouTube users click on the first 30–60 videos [ 19 ]. Based on this, 180 Turkish and 180 English videos, including the first 60 videos for each search term, were included in this study. Since the YouTube algorithm provides content by taking user interactions into account, the search was carried out by opening a new YouTube account that had not been used before. Additionally, since search results may change on different days, 6 different watch lists for videos were created and saved according to search terms. The videos were then sorted using the "Sort by number of views in YouTube advanced search" option. Videos longer than 15 minutes were not included in the study, as previous studies reported that longer videos are less likely to attract the viewer's attention [ 13 ]. Repetitive videos, videos without sound or explanation, videos in languages other than Turkish and English, and videos unrelated to the topic were excluded from the study. 42 of the 180 Turkish and 67 of the 180 English videos were found to meet the criteria and were evaluated. For each video; Video title, Origin (country), Content type (Patient information, patient experience, advertisement), Duration, Upload date, Number of views, Number of likes/dislikes were recorded. Taking this information into consideration, the viewing rate and viewer’s interaction index of the videos were calculated and recorded according to the following formulas; Viewing rate = number of views X100 / number of days since uploaded Viewer’s interaction index = (number of likes- dislikes) X100 / number of views The evaluated videos were divided into 5 groups according to their upload sources: Dentist; Patient; Blogger; Media organization; Health institutions. The content quality of the videos was evaluated by looking at 8 different parameters. These parameters: (1) Definition of gingival recession, (2) Etiology, (3) Findings, (4) Treatment procedures, (5) Treatment indications, (6) Treatment contraindications, (7) Limitations, (8) Postoperative information. For each parameter, one of three scores was given; 0: no information, 1: missing information; 2: detailed information is provided. Each video was evaluated out of 16 points. Videos rated 0–7 are of low quality; Videos with a score of 8 or above are categorized as having acceptable content. The reliability of the videos was assessed using the 5-point DISCERN tool [ 20 ]. It was pre-modified for use with YouTube to consist of five questions addressing clarity, reliability, bias/balance, the provision of additional sources of information, and whether areas of uncertainty were mentioned [ 21 ]. For each feature discussed in the videos, a yes answer receives 1 point, a no answer receives 0 points, and the possible score varies between 0 and 5 points. The criteria used in this analysis are as follows; Reliability Score (Adapted from DISCERN) 1. Are the goals clear and achieved? 2. Are reliable information sources used? 3. Is the information presented balanced and unbiased? 4. Are additional sources of information listed for patient reference? 5. Are areas of uncertainty mentioned? The quality of the videos is subjectively classified according to the Global Quality Scale (GQS), as follows [ 20 ]: Global Quality Score (GQS) Five-point Scale Score Description 1. Poor quality, poor video stream, most information missing, not helpful at all for patients 2. Overall poor quality and poor flow; some of the information is listed, but many important items are missing, and its use is very limited for patients. 3. Fair quality, suboptimal flow, some important information adequately discussed but others not sufficiently discussed, little useful to patients 4. Content is of good quality and generally smooth. Most of the relevant information is listed, but some topics are not covered, which is useful for patients. 5. Excellent quality and flow, very beneficial for patients The content quality of the videos, DISCERN, and GQS ratings were made by two periodontologists. When there was a disagreement between evaluators during scoring, the decision was made by discussing the current literature. Statistical Analysis Data analysis was performed with the SPSS Statistics Version 22 package program. The Kruskall Wallis H test was used for comparisons between three or more groups that were not normally distributed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-group comparisons. The Descriptive statistical method was used when evaluating the study data. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate categorical data. The relationship between variables was examined with correlation analysis. All the results obtained were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. 3. RESULTS 42 Turkish videos and 67 English videos that met the criteria were included in the study. Descriptive information regarding the videos included in the study is given in Table 1 . While there is no statistically significant difference between the viewing rate, content evaluation scores, and reliability scores according to the upload source, the interaction index of videos uploaded by media organizations or health institutions was found to be significantly lower than others (p < 0.05). The duration of videos uploaded by bloggers was found to be significantly higher than all other groups (p < 0.05) (Table 2 ). Table 1 Descriptive information of the videos TR n (%) International n (%) Total n (%) Upload Sources Dentist 27 (64.3) 33 (49,3) 60 (55,0) Blogger 3 (7.1) 5 (7,5) 8 (7,3) Media Organization 8 (19.0) 19 (28,4) 27 (24,8) Healthcare Organization 4 (9.5) 10 (14,9) 14 (12,8) Distribution of Countries TR 42 (100) 0 42 (38,5) USA 0 50 (74,6) 50 (45,9) UAE 0 2 (3,0) 2 (1,8) Greece 0 2 (3,0) 2 (1,8) India 0 7 (10,4) 7 (6,4) Switzerland 0 1 (1,5) 1 (0,9) Italy 0 1 (1,5) 1 (0,9) UK 0 4 (6,0) 4 (3,7) Content Patient Information 42 (100) 63 (94,0) 105 (96,3) Advertising 0 1 (1,5) 1 (0,9) Educational 0 1 (1,5) 1 (0,9) Patient Experience 0 2 (3,0) 2 (1,8) Content Level Low Quality 41 (97.6) 65 (97,0) 106 (97,2) Acceptable 1 (2.4) 2 (3,0) 3 (2,8) Table 2 Upload Sources and Viewing rate, interaction index, content evaluation scores, reliability scores and duration of the videos Dentist (n = 60) Blogger (n = 8) Media Organization (n = 27) Healthcare Institution (n = 14) p Viewing Rate 3720,24 (8,53- 343336,57) 8677,49 (507,57-118885,88) 1844,9 (39,83-27475,28) 924,85 (144,35- 88003,13) 0,104 Interaction Index 0,81 (-0,12 − 4,04) 1,48 (0,29 − 2,14) 0,54 (0,02 − 1,98) * 0,66 (0,12 − 2,58) ** 0,011 Content Evaluation Scores 2 (0–8) 2,5 (0–9) 2 (0–6) 3,5 (1–6) 0,549 Reliability Scores 3 (0–4) 1,5 (0–5) 2 (0–4) 3 (0–3) 0,101 Duration of Videos 2,65 (0,60 − 11,83) 6,3 (1,62 − 8,17) " 2,63 (0,68 − 14,78) 1,62 (0,73 − 5,87) 0,035 Values are given as median (min-max) (Kruskall-Wallis H Test) * Media organization is significantly higher than dentists and bloggers. ** Healthcare Institution is significantly higher than dentists and bloggers. " Bloggers are significantly higher than the other three groups. The average duration of a Turkish video was 2.16 minutes (0.60–6.88), and that of an English video was 3.38 minutes (0.68–14.78). While the duration of English videos was significantly longer than Turkish videos (p < 0.05), the average duration of a total of 109 videos was recorded as 2.60 minutes (0.60-14.78) (Table 3 ). The interaction indexes of Turkish and English videos were calculated as 0.49 (-0.12-3.13) 0.87 (0-4.04), respectively. While there was no statistically significant difference between the viewing rates of Turkish and English videos, the interaction indexes of English videos were found to be significantly higher than those of Turkish videos (p < 0.05). Table 3 Viewing rate, interaction index, content evaluation scores, reliability scores and duration of the videos for Turkish and English videos Turkish (n = 42) English (n = 67) Total (n = 109) p Viewing Rate 2240,78 (8,53-88003,13) 3448,07 (30,58-343336,57) 2973,06 (8,53-343336,57) 0,584 Interaction Index 0,49 (-0,12 − 3,13) 0,87 (0,00–4,04) 0,72 (-0,12 − 4,04) 0,042 Content Evaluation Scores 1,00 (0,00–8,00) 3,00 (0,00–9,00) 2,00 (0,00–9,00) 0,005 Reliability Scores 2,00 (0,00–4,00) 3,00 (0,00–5,00) 3,00 (0,00–5,00) 0,001 Duration of Videos 2,16 (0,60 − 6,88) 3,38 (0,68 − 14,78) 2,60 (0,60 − 14,78) 0,001 Values are given as median (min-max) (Mann-Whitney U Test) The content evaluation score of the Turkish videos was 1 (0–8), the content evaluation score of the English videos was 3 (0–9), and the reliability scores of the Turkish and English videos were 2 (0–4) and 3 (0–5), respectively. The average reliability score of 109 videos on the subject was recorded as 3 (0–5). Both the content evaluation score and reliability scores of Turkish videos were found to be lower than those of English videos, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, no one received a full score out of 16 points in the content evaluation of Turkish and English videos. Only 1 (2.4%) of the 42 Turkish videos watched were found to have an acceptable content level similarly, 2 (3%) of the 67 English videos watched were found to have an acceptable content level. Global Quality Scores for Turkish and English videos are also given in Table 4 . Since only 1 of the 109 videos evaluated received a GQS 5 score, GQS 4 and 5 were combined in the statistical analysis. None of the Turkish videos received a GQS 5 score, and only 1 of the English videos received a GQS 5 score. Of the 109 videos watched, 23.9% received GQS 1, 49.5% received GQS 2, 18.3% received GQS 3, 7.3% received GQS 4, and 0.9% received GQS 5. It was found that 97% of both Turkish and English videos had low quality content. Table 4 Global Quality Scores for Turkish and English Videos Turkish (42) English (67) p GQS 1 16 (38,1) 10 (14,9) 0,017 GQS 2 15 (35,7) 39 (58,2) GQS 3 6 (14,3) 14 (20,9) GQS 4–5 5 (11,9) 4 (6,0) Values are given as n (%) (Chi- Squared Test). In this study, it was shown that as the video duration increased, the viewing rate, interaction index, reliability score, and global quality score increased. As the interaction index and viewing rate increase, the reliability scores of the videos increase. Similarly, it was found that as the reliability score increased, the GQS increased (Table 5 ). Table 5 Correlations between Viewing rate, Interaction Index, Content Evaluation Score, Reliability Score and Duration (Spearman correlation coefficients, r) Interaction Index Reliability Score GQS Length of Videos Viewing Rate r 0,187 0,280 0,175 0,455 p 0,056 0,003 0,069 < 0.001 Interaction Index r - 0,201 0,182 0,490 p - 0,040 0,062 < 0.001 Reliability Score r - - 0,773 0,414 p - - < 0.001 < 0.001 GQS r - - - 0,368 p - - - < 0.001 Global Quality Score: GQS 4. DISCUSSION Since the content of YouTube videos, which people all over the world share and watch in a simple and integrated way, is not supervised by experts, it raises a question mark about the reliability and quality of the information presented [ 15 ]. Therefore, evaluating the quality of videos published on this platform is becoming increasingly important [ 16 ]. Gingival recession, is a condition that creates problems for patients in terms of aesthetics and comfort as the root surface becomes visible. When patients notice receding gums themselves or when their dentists tell them that existing recessions need to be treated, they tend to search for information on the internet to address their concerns and learn about the treatment procedures available to them. Past studies have evaluated the content of YouTube videos on various oral health-related topics [ 12 , 19 , 22 , 23 ]. To our knowledge, there is no study in the literature evaluating videos on the treatment of gingival recession. In the study published by Hamdan et al. [ 12 ] "gingival recession" was used as the YouTube search term, and it was stated that surgical procedures related to the treatment were not included in the study. In addition, in the current studies, internationally valid English videos were included in the research. Therefore, in our study, both Turkish and English YouTube video contents were evaluated to comprehensively evaluate the national and international quality and reliability of information on gingival recession treatment. The YouTube algorithm shows uploaded videos in the list of recommended videos based on the video title and added keywords. In our study, although the most searched term regarding gingival recession treatment in the Google Trends application was found to be "gingival recession treatment", different search terms were also used in order to evaluate a larger number of videos. 64 of the Turkish videos and 19 of the English videos scanned at the beginning of the study were excluded from the study due to irrelevant content. In the analysis, it was determined that the number of keywords used in Turkish videos was higher than in English videos. We think this is for the purpose of increasing viewing rates of Turkish videos. In previous studies, data regarding the relationship between interaction index, viewing rate, and content level differed [ 15 , 24 ]. In our study, there was no significant difference between the viewing rates, while the interaction indexes of English videos were found to be significantly higher than Turkish videos (p < 0.05). Although the viewing rates of Turkish and English videos are similar, the difference in interaction indexes is due to the low number of likes and dislikes in Turkish videos. This situation can be explained by the fact that people watching Turkish videos are indifferent about likes/dislikes. Considering the variability of the results of studies in the literature, it should be kept in mind that the quality of highly interactive videos may not be high for every research topic. Previous studies on the quality and reliability of YouTube videos have highlighted the importance of professionals' contribution to high-quality videos as relevant sources of patient information [ 25 , 26 ]. Although 64.3% of the Turkish videos and 49.3% of the English videos were uploaded by dentists, no significant difference was found between the content level and upload source. Although there are studies that do not detect a significant relationship between video duration and content level [ 27 , 28 ], most of the studies have shown that as the duration of the videos increases, the content level increases [ 29 – 32 ]. In this study, it was shown that as the video duration increased, the viewing rate, interaction index, reliability score, and GQS also increased. This correlation between video duration and content level can be explained by the fact that disclosing accurate and complete information requires longer time, and longer videos cover the relevant topic more adequately. The contents of the videos in our study were scored according to the parameters determined for the subject. In the 109 videos included in the study, none received a full score out of 16 points in the content evaluation. When the content level of 109 videos was evaluated, it was determined that 97.2% had low quality content. The reason for these findings is the fact that complications and postoperative instructions are not included in most of the videos, and indications and restrictions are rarely mentioned. None of the videos in this study addressed all elements necessary to fully understand the treatment procedures from the patient perspective. It was determined that natural treatment methods were recommended as treatment options in both Turkish and English videos, although they were more common in Turkish videos. This is an important finding because such information can lead to non-evidence-based practices or treatments [ 33 ], and viewers can be easily influenced by video content, even if it is inaccurate or of poor quality [ 34 ]. While it is expected that videos uploaded by the general public will always have the risk of spreading misinformation, it seems more concerning that this problem also occurs in videos uploaded by professionals. In our study, the content evaluation score of English videos was found to be significantly higher than Turkish videos. Since the average duration of English videos is longer than Turkish videos, they seem to have more comprehensive content. However, it was determined that 29 of the 67 English videos watched (43.2%) were related to a surgical technique that was introduced to the literature in 2012. Almost all of these videos, uploaded by different dentists from different states and various media organizations, used the same visual animations; no indications, contraindications, or restrictions of the applied technique were mentioned, and the advantages of the technique were prioritized. In previous studies, different tools were used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the videos [ 17 , 20 , 23 , 34 ]. It was found that there is no widely used, standardized tool for assessing the quality of YouTube videos [ 35 ] and evaluating the reliability of the videos. As a result, the GQS was used to evaluate the videos’ contributions to patients according to the quality and flow of information. Both the content evaluation score and reliability scores of Turkish videos were found to be lower than those of the English videos, and the difference was statistically significant. The fact that the results may differ depending on the viewing date of the videos since YouTube is a dynamic platform, and the fact that people can try different keywords to access relevant information on different topics are the most important limitations in YouTube studies. In order to overcome these problems in our study, a watchlist consisting of video names and URLs was prepared and saved immediately after searches were made for the selected search terms, and the analysis of the same videos was evaluated by two researchers. In addition, the number of evaluated videos was increased by using different search terms in addition to the most searched term in the Google Trend application. Unlike other studies, due to the low level of English proficiency in Turkish society, our study included not only English videos but also Turkish videos. This presented the opportunity to evaluate the quality of the videos in Turkish and English, both within and between each other. 5. CONCLUSION It is the user's responsibility to verify the reliability and quality of the information, presented on social media and websites. Therefore, healthcare professionals should warn their patients about using online platforms where they may encounter misleading and inaccurate information and recommend alternative, reliable online sources. In order to prevent the spread of misinformation and ensure that patients can access accurate information, it would be beneficial for educational institutions and specialist physicians to prepare videos that will draw public interest with comprehensive content that is easy to understand for patients and share them on internet platforms such as YouTube. Smith JJ. The world of science. Am J Sci. 1999;36:234-5. Declarations All manuscripts must contain the following sections under the heading 'Declarations': Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable Consent for publication: Not applicable Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interest Funding: Not applicable Author Contribution Authors' contributionsMY: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing- Original draft preparation FK: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing- Original draft preparation MK: Writing - Review & Editing Acknowledgements: Not applicable Data Availability The search strings and data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request References Vignolett, F., Di Martino, M., Clementini, M., Di Domenico, G. L. & de Sanctis, M. Prevalence and risk indicators of gingival recessions in an Italian school of dentistry and dental hygiene: a cross-sectional study. 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(Basel) . 17 (4), 571. 10.3390/children9040571 (2022). PMID: 35455615; PMCID: PMC9031524. Di Spirito, F. et al. Reliability and Accuracy of YouTube Peri-Implantitis Videos as an Educational Source for Patients in Population-Based Prevention Strategies. Healthc. (Basel) . 11 (14), 2094. 10.3390/healthcare11142094 (2023). PMID: 37510535; PMCID: PMC10378864. Lena, Y. & Dindaroğlu, F. Lingual orthodontic treatment: A YouTube™ video analysis. Angle Orthod. 88 (2), 208–214. 10.2319/090717-602.1 (2018). Epub 2017 Dec 19. PMID: 29257704; PMCID: PMC8312536. Tozar, K. N. & Yapıcı Yavuz, G. Reliability of information on YouTube™ regarding pediatric dental trauma. Dent. Traumatol. 37 (6), 772–778. 10.1111/edt.12708 (2021). Epub 2021 Jul 21. PMID: 34289239. Gaş, S., Zincir, Ö. Ö. & Bozkurt, A. P. Are YouTube Videos Useful for Patients Interested in Botulinum Toxin for Bruxism? J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 77 (9), 1776–1783. 10.1016/j.joms.2019.04.004 (2019). Epub 2019 Apr 12. PMID: 31077674. Pons-Fuster, E., Ruiz Roca, J., Tvarijonaviciute, A. & López-Jornet, P. YouTube information about diabetes and oral healthcare. Odontology 108 (1), 84–90. 10.1007/s10266-019-00445-3 (2020). Epub 2019 Aug 8. PMID: 31396751. de Boer, M. J., Versteegen, G. J. & van Wijhe, M. Patients' use of the Internet for pain-related medical information. Patient Educ. Couns. 68 (1), 86–97. 10.1016/j.pec.2007.05.012 (2007). Epub 2007 Jun 27. PMID: 17590563. Desai, T. et al. Is content really king? An objective analysis of the public's response to medical videos on YouTube. PLoS One . 18 (12), e82469. 10.1371/journal.pone.0082469 (2013). PMID: 24367517; PMCID: PMC3867348. Drozd, B., Couvillon, E. & Suarez, A. Medical YouTube Videos and Methods of Evaluation: Literature Review. JMIR Med Educ ; 12;4(1): e3. doi: (2018). 10.2196/mededu.8527 . PMID: 29434018; PMCID: PMC5826977. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Dec, 2024 Reviews received at journal 11 Dec, 2024 Reviews received at journal 11 Dec, 2024 Reviews received at journal 01 Dec, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Nov, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 21 Nov, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 21 Nov, 2024 Editor invited by journal 21 Nov, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 19 Nov, 2024 First submitted to journal 25 Oct, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5330219","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":384684040,"identity":"8a427ec1-cd28-4527-8805-8aabd1ef3000","order_by":0,"name":"Murtaza Yelbay","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Murtaza","middleName":"","lastName":"Yelbay","suffix":""},{"id":384684041,"identity":"447518a0-c7d3-4975-afb9-2e63c81fbe82","order_by":1,"name":"Fatma Karacaoglu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC9gYgwdjAYABiMROlhecAM1QLzwGStUgkEKuF/fzRDT932BjzS74x/FxQYcPA396dgF8LTzLbzd4zaWaSs3OMpWecSWOQOHN2A14t9gzJbDd42w7bGNzOMZAGMhgMJHLxa+Hhf8x28y9Qi/3NM8a/idMikcx2G6jSzECCx4xIWyQem92WPZNmLHEmrcya50waD0G/8PAnPrv5doeNYX/74c23eSps5Pjbe/FrQQIcBmAziFUOAuwPSFE9CkbBKBgFIwgAADV4RSiYpomuAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fatma","middleName":"","lastName":"Karacaoglu","suffix":""},{"id":384684043,"identity":"6bfc661d-aad6-4eb7-886e-ef6bfbfcc896","order_by":2,"name":"Meriç Kurumlu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Meriç","middleName":"","lastName":"Kurumlu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-25 07:08:28","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5330219/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5330219/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99371-4","type":"published","date":"2025-04-25T15:57:01+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81569533,"identity":"c90ddd2e-ec7f-4974-b571-b078ffee6830","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-28 16:05:27","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":899815,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5330219/v1/22451dc9-3f27-498b-b334-63c959d49649.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Evaluation of the Quality and Reliability of Turkish and English YouTube Video Contents on Gingival Recession Treatment","fulltext":[{"header":"1. INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eGingival recession is a common dental health problem worldwide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. Susceptibility factors such as gingival biotype, abnormal frenulum attachment, keratinized tissue width (KTW), and modifiable conditions such as plaque-related inflammation, traumatic force, and smoking can lead to gingival recession [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Gingival recession and the subsequent exposure of the root surface can cause problems such as dentin sensitivity, unaesthetic appearance, carious lesions on the exposed root surface, and non-carious cervical lesions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the long-term goals of periodontal treatment is to close exposed root surfaces with surgical treatments. Many surgical techniques [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR4 CR5 CR6 CR7 CR8 CR9\" citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] have been developed to cover exposed root surfaces. Each of these techniques has its own advantages and disadvantages, indications, and contraindications. Additionally, success rates vary depending on the case. Although surgical treatments are well-studied, safe, and effective methods that result in covering the recession defect, relieving pain, and preventing further progression of the recession [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e], patients are not always willing to undergo invasive surgical treatments. In addition, reasons such as the presence of systemic problems may constitute contraindications for surgical treatments. In such cases, nonsurgical treatments aimed at the cause of the disease and existing symptoms should be considered. Treatment of gingival recession is possible with professional procedures recommended by dentists and proper dental care. However, many individuals consult online resources as well as physicians to obtain information about gingival recession and understand treatment options [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToday, the internet has become the world's primary and most common source of information. Information about medicine and dentistry, provided by experts trained in the relevant field in the past, has also become widespread on this platform today. Although the propensity to seek medical information on the internet potentially varies by age, habit, and location, the majority of people have been reported to use the internet for this purpose [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the ease of accessing this information has also increased the risk of exposure to health-related misinformation and incorrect recommendations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYouTube, a social media platform where people from all over the world upload, share, and watch videos in a simple and integrated way, is the second largest search engine after Google in terms of the number of visits [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. YouTube offers a huge amount of content for both amateur and professional users about general, oral, and dental health. Since the content of the videos is not supervised by experts, it raises a question mark about the reliability and quality of the information presented [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, evaluating the quality of videos published on this platform is becoming increasingly important [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo our knowledge, there are few previous studies evaluating the quality of YouTube videos on periodontal treatments [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. However, all of the studies include video content in English. According to the 2023 English Proficiency Index [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] data, Turkey ranked 66th among 113 countries within the scope of the research and was in the 'low level' category in English proficiency. Therefore, the reliability and quality of Turkish video content, as well as English video content, are of greater importance for the Turkish people. In this regard, our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the quality and reliability of both Turkish and English YouTube video contents regarding the treatment of gingival recession.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. MATERIAL AND METHOD","content":"\u003cp\u003eSince this study was not conducted on humans or with samples taken from humans and was conducted using a public website, ethics committee approval was not required.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the Google Trends application, the most searched term regarding gingival recession treatment was found to be \"gingival recession treatment\". In order to evaluate more videos using different search terms, it was decided to use the terms \"gingival recession treatment\", \"receding gum treatment\", and \"gingival recession surgery\" in Turkish and English in our study. Previous studies in the literature have reported that YouTube users click on the first 30\u0026ndash;60 videos [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Based on this, 180 Turkish and 180 English videos, including the first 60 videos for each search term, were included in this study. Since the YouTube algorithm provides content by taking user interactions into account, the search was carried out by opening a new YouTube account that had not been used before. Additionally, since search results may change on different days, 6 different watch lists for videos were created and saved according to search terms.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe videos were then sorted using the \"Sort by number of views in YouTube advanced search\" option. Videos longer than 15 minutes were not included in the study, as previous studies reported that longer videos are less likely to attract the viewer's attention [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Repetitive videos, videos without sound or explanation, videos in languages other than Turkish and English, and videos unrelated to the topic were excluded from the study. 42 of the 180 Turkish and 67 of the 180 English videos were found to meet the criteria and were evaluated. For each video; Video title, Origin (country), Content type (Patient information, patient experience, advertisement), Duration, Upload date, Number of views, Number of likes/dislikes were recorded. Taking this information into consideration, the viewing rate and viewer\u0026rsquo;s interaction index of the videos were calculated and recorded according to the following formulas;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViewing rate\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cem\u003enumber of views X100 / number of days since uploaded\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eViewer\u0026rsquo;s interaction index = \u003cem\u003e(number of likes- dislikes) X100 / number of views\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe evaluated videos were divided into 5 groups according to their upload sources: Dentist; Patient; Blogger; Media organization; Health institutions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe content quality of the videos was evaluated by looking at 8 different parameters. These parameters: (1) Definition of gingival recession, (2) Etiology, (3) Findings, (4) Treatment procedures, (5) Treatment indications, (6) Treatment contraindications, (7) Limitations, (8) Postoperative information. For each parameter, one of three scores was given; 0: no information, 1: missing information; 2: detailed information is provided. Each video was evaluated out of 16 points. Videos rated 0\u0026ndash;7 are of low quality; Videos with a score of 8 or above are categorized as having acceptable content.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe reliability of the videos was assessed using the 5-point DISCERN tool [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. It was pre-modified for use with YouTube to consist of five questions addressing clarity, reliability, bias/balance, the provision of additional sources of information, and whether areas of uncertainty were mentioned [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. For each feature discussed in the videos, a yes answer receives 1 point, a no answer receives 0 points, and the possible score varies between 0 and 5 points.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe criteria used in this analysis are as follows;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"1\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Score (Adapted from DISCERN)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Are the goals clear and achieved?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Are reliable information sources used?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Is the information presented balanced and unbiased?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Are additional sources of information listed for patient reference?\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Are areas of uncertainty mentioned?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe quality of the videos is subjectively classified according to the Global Quality Scale (GQS), as follows [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"1\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Quality Score (GQS) Five-point Scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eScore Description\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Poor quality, poor video stream, most information missing, not helpful at all for patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Overall poor quality and poor flow; some of the information is listed, but many important items are missing, and its use is very limited for patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Fair quality, suboptimal flow, some important information adequately discussed but others not sufficiently discussed, little useful to patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Content is of good quality and generally smooth. Most of the relevant information is listed, but some topics are not covered, which is useful for patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Excellent quality and flow, very beneficial for patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe content quality of the videos, DISCERN, and GQS ratings were made by two periodontologists. When there was a disagreement between evaluators during scoring, the decision was made by discussing the current literature.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData analysis was performed with the SPSS Statistics Version 22 package program. The Kruskall Wallis H test was used for comparisons between three or more groups that were not normally distributed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-group comparisons. The Descriptive statistical method was used when evaluating the study data. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate categorical data. The relationship between variables was examined with correlation analysis. All the results obtained were considered statistically significant at p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003e42 Turkish videos and 67 English videos that met the criteria were included in the study. Descriptive information regarding the videos included in the study is given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. While there is no statistically significant difference between the viewing rate, content evaluation scores, and reliability scores according to the upload source, the interaction index of videos uploaded by media organizations or health institutions was found to be significantly lower than others (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The duration of videos uploaded by bloggers was found to be significantly higher than all other groups (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive information of the videos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTR\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInternational n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUpload Sources\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (64.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 (49,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (55,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlogger\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (7,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (7,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedia Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (19.0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 (28,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (24,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealthcare Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (9.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (14,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (12,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDistribution of Countries\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTR\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (38,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (74,6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (45,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUAE\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (3,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGreece\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (3,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (10,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (6,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSwitzerland\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItaly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUK\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (3,7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContent\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient Information\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42 (100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63 (94,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105 (96,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvertising\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (1,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (0,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatient Experience\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (3,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (1,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContent Level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLow Quality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (97,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106 (97,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAcceptable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (3,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (2,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUpload Sources and Viewing rate, interaction index, content evaluation scores, reliability scores and duration of the videos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentist (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlogger (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedia Organization (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;27)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealthcare Institution (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eViewing Rate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3720,24 (8,53- 343336,57)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8677,49 (507,57-118885,88)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1844,9 (39,83-27475,28)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e924,85 (144,35- 88003,13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInteraction Index\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,81 (-0,12\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4,04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,48 (0,29\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2,14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,54 (0,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1,98) *\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,66 (0,12\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2,58) **\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,011\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContent Evaluation Scores\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (0\u0026ndash;8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,5 (0\u0026ndash;9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (0\u0026ndash;6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,5 (1\u0026ndash;6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,549\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReliability Scores\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (0\u0026ndash;4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,5 (0\u0026ndash;5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 (0\u0026ndash;4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 (0\u0026ndash;3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,101\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDuration of Videos\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,65 (0,60\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;11,83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,3 (1,62\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;8,17)\u003cb\u003e\"\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,63 (0,68\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14,78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,62 (0,73\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;5,87)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eValues are given as median (min-max) (Kruskall-Wallis H Test)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e* Media organization is significantly higher than dentists and bloggers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e** Healthcare Institution is significantly higher than dentists and bloggers.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\"\u003c/b\u003e Bloggers are significantly higher than the other three groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe average duration of a Turkish video was 2.16 minutes (0.60\u0026ndash;6.88), and that of an English video was 3.38 minutes (0.68\u0026ndash;14.78). While the duration of English videos was significantly longer than Turkish videos (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05), the average duration of a total of 109 videos was recorded as 2.60 minutes (0.60-14.78) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). The interaction indexes of Turkish and English videos were calculated as 0.49 (-0.12-3.13) 0.87 (0-4.04), respectively. While there was no statistically significant difference between the viewing rates of Turkish and English videos, the interaction indexes of English videos were found to be significantly higher than those of Turkish videos (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eViewing rate, interaction index, content evaluation scores, reliability scores and duration of the videos for Turkish and English videos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurkish (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;42)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnglish (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;67)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;109)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eViewing Rate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2240,78\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(8,53-88003,13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3448,07\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(30,58-343336,57)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2973,06\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(8,53-343336,57)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,584\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInteraction Index\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,49\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(-0,12\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;3,13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,87\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,00\u0026ndash;4,04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,72\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(-0,12\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4,04)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,042\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContent Evaluation Scores\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,00\u0026ndash;8,00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,00\u0026ndash;9,00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,00\u0026ndash;9,00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,005\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReliability Scores\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,00\u0026ndash;4,00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,00\u0026ndash;5,00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,00\u0026ndash;5,00)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDuration of Videos\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,16\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,60\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;6,88)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,38\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,68\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14,78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,60\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e(0,60\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;14,78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eValues are given as median (min-max) (Mann-Whitney U Test)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe content evaluation score of the Turkish videos was 1 (0\u0026ndash;8), the content evaluation score of the English videos was 3 (0\u0026ndash;9), and the reliability scores of the Turkish and English videos were 2 (0\u0026ndash;4) and 3 (0\u0026ndash;5), respectively. The average reliability score of 109 videos on the subject was recorded as 3 (0\u0026ndash;5). Both the content evaluation score and reliability scores of Turkish videos were found to be lower than those of English videos, and the difference was statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). However, no one received a full score out of 16 points in the content evaluation of Turkish and English videos. Only 1 (2.4%) of the 42 Turkish videos watched were found to have an acceptable content level similarly, 2 (3%) of the 67 English videos watched were found to have an acceptable content level.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Quality Scores for Turkish and English videos are also given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Since only 1 of the 109 videos evaluated received a GQS 5 score, GQS 4 and 5 were combined in the statistical analysis. None of the Turkish videos received a GQS 5 score, and only 1 of the English videos received a GQS 5 score. Of the 109 videos watched, 23.9% received GQS 1, 49.5% received GQS 2, 18.3% received GQS 3, 7.3% received GQS 4, and 0.9% received GQS 5. It was found that 97% of both Turkish and English videos had low quality content.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobal Quality Scores for Turkish and English Videos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurkish (42)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnglish (67)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGQS 1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 (38,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (14,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGQS 2\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (35,7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (58,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGQS 3\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (14,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 (20,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGQS 4\u0026ndash;5\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5 (11,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (6,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eValues are given as n (%) (Chi- Squared Test).\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, it was shown that as the video duration increased, the viewing rate, interaction index, reliability score, and global quality score increased. As the interaction index and viewing rate increase, the reliability scores of the videos increase. Similarly, it was found that as the reliability score increased, the GQS increased (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrelations between Viewing rate, Interaction Index, Content Evaluation Score, Reliability Score and Duration (Spearman correlation coefficients, r)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInteraction Index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReliability Score\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGQS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLength of Videos\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eViewing Rate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,187\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,280\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,175\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,455\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,056\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,003\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,069\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInteraction Index\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,201\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,490\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,040\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,062\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReliability Score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,773\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGQS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003er\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,368\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eGlobal Quality Score: GQS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eSince the content of YouTube videos, which people all over the world share and watch in a simple and integrated way, is not supervised by experts, it raises a question mark about the reliability and quality of the information presented [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, evaluating the quality of videos published on this platform is becoming increasingly important [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGingival recession, is a condition that creates problems for patients in terms of aesthetics and comfort as the root surface becomes visible. When patients notice receding gums themselves or when their dentists tell them that existing recessions need to be treated, they tend to search for information on the internet to address their concerns and learn about the treatment procedures available to them. Past studies have evaluated the content of YouTube videos on various oral health-related topics [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. To our knowledge, there is no study in the literature evaluating videos on the treatment of gingival recession. In the study published by Hamdan et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] \"gingival recession\" was used as the YouTube search term, and it was stated that surgical procedures related to the treatment were not included in the study. In addition, in the current studies, internationally valid English videos were included in the research. Therefore, in our study, both Turkish and English YouTube video contents were evaluated to comprehensively evaluate the national and international quality and reliability of information on gingival recession treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe YouTube algorithm shows uploaded videos in the list of recommended videos based on the video title and added keywords. In our study, although the most searched term regarding gingival recession treatment in the Google Trends application was found to be \"gingival recession treatment\", different search terms were also used in order to evaluate a larger number of videos. 64 of the Turkish videos and 19 of the English videos scanned at the beginning of the study were excluded from the study due to irrelevant content. In the analysis, it was determined that the number of keywords used in Turkish videos was higher than in English videos. We think this is for the purpose of increasing viewing rates of Turkish videos.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn previous studies, data regarding the relationship between interaction index, viewing rate, and content level differed [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, there was no significant difference between the viewing rates, while the interaction indexes of English videos were found to be significantly higher than Turkish videos (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Although the viewing rates of Turkish and English videos are similar, the difference in interaction indexes is due to the low number of likes and dislikes in Turkish videos. This situation can be explained by the fact that people watching Turkish videos are indifferent about likes/dislikes. Considering the variability of the results of studies in the literature, it should be kept in mind that the quality of highly interactive videos may not be high for every research topic.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrevious studies on the quality and reliability of YouTube videos have highlighted the importance of professionals' contribution to high-quality videos as relevant sources of patient information [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Although 64.3% of the Turkish videos and 49.3% of the English videos were uploaded by dentists, no significant difference was found between the content level and upload source.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough there are studies that do not detect a significant relationship between video duration and content level [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e], most of the studies have shown that as the duration of the videos increases, the content level increases [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR30 CR31\" citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. In this study, it was shown that as the video duration increased, the viewing rate, interaction index, reliability score, and GQS also increased. This correlation between video duration and content level can be explained by the fact that disclosing accurate and complete information requires longer time, and longer videos cover the relevant topic more adequately.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe contents of the videos in our study were scored according to the parameters determined for the subject. In the 109 videos included in the study, none received a full score out of 16 points in the content evaluation. When the content level of 109 videos was evaluated, it was determined that 97.2% had low quality content. The reason for these findings is the fact that complications and postoperative instructions are not included in most of the videos, and indications and restrictions are rarely mentioned. None of the videos in this study addressed all elements necessary to fully understand the treatment procedures from the patient perspective. It was determined that natural treatment methods were recommended as treatment options in both Turkish and English videos, although they were more common in Turkish videos. This is an important finding because such information can lead to non-evidence-based practices or treatments [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e], and viewers can be easily influenced by video content, even if it is inaccurate or of poor quality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. While it is expected that videos uploaded by the general public will always have the risk of spreading misinformation, it seems more concerning that this problem also occurs in videos uploaded by professionals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, the content evaluation score of English videos was found to be significantly higher than Turkish videos. Since the average duration of English videos is longer than Turkish videos, they seem to have more comprehensive content. However, it was determined that 29 of the 67 English videos watched (43.2%) were related to a surgical technique that was introduced to the literature in 2012. Almost all of these videos, uploaded by different dentists from different states and various media organizations, used the same visual animations; no indications, contraindications, or restrictions of the applied technique were mentioned, and the advantages of the technique were prioritized.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn previous studies, different tools were used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the videos [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. It was found that there is no widely used, standardized tool for assessing the quality of YouTube videos [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e] and evaluating the reliability of the videos. As a result, the GQS was used to evaluate the videos\u0026rsquo; contributions to patients according to the quality and flow of information. Both the content evaluation score and reliability scores of Turkish videos were found to be lower than those of the English videos, and the difference was statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe fact that the results may differ depending on the viewing date of the videos since YouTube is a dynamic platform, and the fact that people can try different keywords to access relevant information on different topics are the most important limitations in YouTube studies. In order to overcome these problems in our study, a watchlist consisting of video names and URLs was prepared and saved immediately after searches were made for the selected search terms, and the analysis of the same videos was evaluated by two researchers. In addition, the number of evaluated videos was increased by using different search terms in addition to the most searched term in the Google Trend application. Unlike other studies, due to the low level of English proficiency in Turkish society, our study included not only English videos but also Turkish videos. This presented the opportunity to evaluate the quality of the videos in Turkish and English, both within and between each other.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eIt is the user's responsibility to verify the reliability and quality of the information, presented on social media and websites. Therefore, healthcare professionals should warn their patients about using online platforms where they may encounter misleading and inaccurate information and recommend alternative, reliable online sources. In order to prevent the spread of misinformation and ensure that patients can access accurate information, it would be beneficial for educational institutions and specialist physicians to prepare videos that will draw public interest with comprehensive content that is easy to understand for patients and share them on internet platforms such as YouTube.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmith JJ. The world of science. Am J Sci. 1999;36:234-5.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eAll manuscripts must contain the following sections under the heading \u0026apos;Declarations\u0026apos;:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConsent for publication:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interest\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFunding:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributionsMY: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing- Original draft preparation FK: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing- Original draft preparation MK: Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements:\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe search strings and data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVignolett, F., Di Martino, M., Clementini, M., Di Domenico, G. 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PMID: 29434018; PMCID: PMC5826977.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"gingival recession, YouTube, social media, video content, GQS, DISCERN","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5330219/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5330219/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe aim of this study is to evaluate the quality and reliability of Turkish and English YouTube video contents regarding the treatment of gingival recession.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMaterial Methods:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe terms \"gingival recession treatment\", \"receding gum treatment\", and \"gingival recession surgery\" were searched on the YouTube video platform using Turkish and English. 42 Turkish and 67 English videos that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Video title, origin, content type, duration, upload date, number of views, number of likes/dislikes, viewing rate and interaction index of the videos were recorded. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) and the DISCERN tool were used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the videos.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the study, the reliability scores of Turkish and English videos were found to be 2 and 3, respectively, according to DISCERN criteria. Both the content evaluation score and reliability scores of Turkish videos were found to be lower than those of English videos. The majority of Turkish videos were scored as GQS 1, while the majority of English videos were scored as GQS 2. 97% of both Turkish and English videos had low quality content.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, we found that 97% of the evaluated videos had low quality content. In order to prevent the spread of misinformation and to ensure that patients can access accurate information, it would be beneficial for educational institutions and specialist to prepare interesting videos with comprehensive content that are easy to understand for patients and share them on internet platforms such as YouTube.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of the Quality and Reliability of Turkish and English YouTube Video Contents on Gingival Recession Treatment","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-02 15:22:21","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5330219/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-12-16T04:34:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-12-12T04:50:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-12-11T19:05:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-12-01T06:04:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"71422909160037796519629199115659142318","date":"2024-11-28T15:33:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"155839071222996744930935273679118549710","date":"2024-11-27T09:22:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"278172350619818267286495560128750781088","date":"2024-11-22T04:48:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-22T02:41:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-11-22T02:38:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-22T02:33:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-11-19T10:42:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-10-25T06:58:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"53432a2a-1b15-4735-b91b-f79504d17bfa","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 2nd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":40981940,"name":"Health sciences/Diseases"},{"id":40981941,"name":"Health sciences/Health care"},{"id":40981942,"name":"Health sciences/Health occupations"},{"id":40981943,"name":"Health sciences/Medical research"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-28T15:59:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5330219","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99371-4","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-04-25 15:57:01","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 25th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-02 15:22:21","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-99371-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99371-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5330219","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5330219","identity":"rs-5330219","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}