Parallel processes of temporal control in the supplementary motor area and the frontoparietal circuit

Parallel processes of temporal control in the supplementary motor area and the frontoparietal circuit | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Parallel processes of temporal control in the supplementary motor area and the frontoparietal circuit Xuanyu Wang, Shunyu Shi, Yan Bao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1064153/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Dec, 2023 Read the published version in PsyCh Journal → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Durations in the several seconds' range are cognitively accessible during active timing. Functional neuroimaging studies suggest the engagement of basal ganglia (BG) and supplementary motor area (SMA). However, their functional relevance and arrangement remain unclear because non-timing cognitive processes temporally coincide with the active timing. To examine the potential contamination by parallel processes, we introduced a sensory control and a motor control to the duration reproduction task. By comparing their hemodynamic functions, we decomposed the neural activities in multiple brain loci linked to different cognitive processes. Our results show a dissociation of two cortical neural circuits: the SMA for both active timing and motor preparation, followed by a prefrontal-parietal circuit related to duration working memory. We argue that these cortical processes represent duration as the content but at different levels of abstraction, while the subcortical structures including BG and thalamus provide the logistic basis of timing by coordinating temporal framework across brain structures. Psychology Cognitive Neuroscience Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging basal ganglia (BG) supplementary motor area (SMA) active timing sensory and motor control Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementFigures.pdf Supplemental Material Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Dec, 2023 Read the published version in PsyCh Journal → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1064153","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":62373110,"identity":"87a5d2a5-4f3b-4edd-a9b4-9b964089ddb6","order_by":0,"name":"Xuanyu Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABCklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHADxgaDhAobEKPxAJFamA8UPDiTBtZLrBa2hI8P2w6DmXi1GBw/e/g1b5tdnsGNHMMNiW3n7da2HwbaUmMTjVPLmbw0y5ltycVALcYGCeduJ287kwjUciwttwGHFrMDOWYGH9uYEzfcADISym4nmx0AamFsOIxby/k3ZgaJbfUgLeY/EtjOJZudf0hAC9A9Dz62HQZqSUswSGg7YGd2g4At9jfemDHOOHc8ceaZxwcMEs4kJ5jdANqSgMcvkv05xp95yqoT+44nNhj+qLCzNzuf/vDBhxobnFqAgE0CRCocgPASwSoTcCsHAeYPIFIeaqg9fsWjYBSMglEwEgEAriJxV0tta9IAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2458-8115","institution":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuanyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":62373111,"identity":"9703cd05-a9e7-4edf-99fe-0b3dbbdfa154","order_by":1,"name":"Shunyu Shi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shunyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""},{"id":62373112,"identity":"813aad1e-0280-4798-8c04-a9e93404153f","order_by":2,"name":"Yan Bao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Peking University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yan","middleName":"","lastName":"Bao","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-11-09 12:06:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1064153/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1064153/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pchj.701","type":"published","date":"2023-12-17T06:52:13+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":15681664,"identity":"312199b5-7111-485a-990c-fb86c6ad5ab9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-11-18 15:41:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":899056,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptTimeRepWXYNatNeu.Submit.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1064153/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":15681662,"identity":"d701982b-e7ab-42d8-918c-f1d96aa88416","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-11-18 15:41:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":406707,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplemental Material","description":"","filename":"SupplementFigures.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1064153/v1/c82a710f81b3ab136d3dad16.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Parallel processes of temporal control in the supplementary motor area and the frontoparietal circuit","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1064153/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"basal ganglia (BG), supplementary motor area (SMA), active timing, sensory and motor control","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1064153/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1064153/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Durations in the several seconds' range are cognitively accessible during active timing. 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