A Comparison of Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Tanzania According to HIV Status during the HAART era

A Comparison of Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Tanzania According to HIV Status during the HAART era | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Comparison of Clinical Profile and Treatment Outcome of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in Tanzania According to HIV Status during the HAART era Mercy M Mbai, Emmanuel Mduma, Samuel Thuo, Eulad Rugengamanzi, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3943102/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background The incidence of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) in HIV-positive individuals is approximately 19X more than in HIV-negative persons. Most HIV-HL patients present at an advanced stage (Ann Arbor stage III-IV), have “B” symptoms and extranodal involvement. HAART's development has led to a significant change in the natural history and risk stratification of HIV-HL. Therefore, this study aimed to determine differences in clinicopathological and survival patterns of HL among individuals with and without HIV disease in Tanzania in the HAART era. Methodology This hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at the ORCI, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare proportions. Student t-test was used to compare means. The log-rank test was applied to the variables in univariate analysis to identify factors that predict survival. The factors that were significant in univariate analysis were then analyzed in multivariate fashion using a Cox regression model. Results 83 patients with HL were recruited, and the prevalence of HIV-positive status was 27.7%. Most of the patients with HIV-HL had an age of more than 30 years (73.9%), while most of the non-HIV-HL patients had an age of less than 30 years (63.3%) (P = 0.02). The 2-year OS rate for HIV-HL was 34%, while that for non-HIV-HL was 67%. Among the HIV-HL patients, predictors of a poorer outcome were a CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/mm3 (P = 0.05), lack of HAART use (P = 0.00), and the use of HAART for ≤ 10 months (P = 0.00). Conclusion The prevalence of HIV-HL was 27.7% among HL patients. HIV positivity is still a poor prognostic factor in our setting, especially for patients not on HAART, on HAART for less than ten or ten months, or with a low CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3.Patients with HIV-HL were older and had higher LDH levels, whereas patients with non-HIV-HL were younger and had low LDH levels. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma clinical profile overall survival predictors of survival HIV Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Apr, 2024 Reviews received at journal 29 Feb, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Feb, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Feb, 2024 Editor invited by journal 12 Feb, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 12 Feb, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 12 Feb, 2024 First submitted to journal 09 Feb, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3943102","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":272501647,"identity":"b7322563-4144-4b42-82cd-65a20d488ada","order_by":0,"name":"Mercy M Mbai","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNhCRwMDMfABIS8gQoYMZpoUtAaSFhwQtDDwGIAZhLboz8o89+Ni2LY+/nefzqxs1FjwM7IePbsCnxexGMrvhzLbbxRKHebdZ5xwDOownLe0GAS1s0rxttxMbgFqMc9iAWiR4zAhr+QvUMv8wzzPjnH/EamEEatlwmIf5cW4bMVrOPDaT7Dl3u9jwMJsZc26fBA8bQb8cT3wm8aPsdp7c+cOPP+d8q5PjZz98DK8WZMAmASaJVQ4CzB9IUT0KRsEoGAUjBwAAVr5HzvTRfjkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mercy","middleName":"M","lastName":"Mbai","suffix":""},{"id":272501648,"identity":"bf2b449a-705f-47f2-a87a-57ae418bd999","order_by":1,"name":"Emmanuel Mduma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Rabininsia Memorial Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emmanuel","middleName":"","lastName":"Mduma","suffix":""},{"id":272501649,"identity":"68037309-ff14-478a-b75c-fd58831a967c","order_by":2,"name":"Samuel Thuo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Samuel","middleName":"","lastName":"Thuo","suffix":""},{"id":272501650,"identity":"d9c36c59-047b-43d1-8ddb-217139096f7e","order_by":3,"name":"Eulad Rugengamanzi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eulad","middleName":"","lastName":"Rugengamanzi","suffix":""},{"id":272501651,"identity":"cfc17a6a-e2dc-4b0e-ad02-ed88a64d0e87","order_by":4,"name":"Christina V Malichewe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Christina","middleName":"V","lastName":"Malichewe","suffix":""},{"id":272501652,"identity":"5a006b16-5ea3-47c0-b348-6ac54b66c1c9","order_by":5,"name":"Emmanuel L. 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Most HIV-HL patients present at an advanced stage (Ann Arbor stage III-IV), have “B” symptoms and extranodal involvement. HAART's development has led to a significant change in the natural history and risk stratification of HIV-HL. Therefore, this study aimed to determine differences in clinicopathological and survival patterns of HL among individuals with and without HIV disease in Tanzania in the HAART era.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethodology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at the ORCI, Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare proportions. Student t-test was used to compare means. The log-rank test was applied to the variables in univariate analysis to identify factors that predict survival. 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