The Infinite Universe Framework (IUF): An Infinite, Non-Expanding Cosmos Grounded in Physical Law and Photon Energy Transfer

This manuscript introduces the Infinite Universe Framework (IUF), a physically grounded and testable alternative to expansion-based cosmology. Rather than invoking a Big Bang origin, metric expansion, or dark energy, the IUF posits that the universe is infinite in both space and time, and governed by consistent physical laws and structured energy interactions. The IUF integrates two core components: - The Physical Universe Theory (PUT), which asserts that cosmic behavior can be explained through enduring physical principles, without invoking singular origins or speculative constructs; and - The Cumulative Photon Energy Transfer (C-PET) Model, which attributes cosmological redshift to cumulative, non-scattering energy transfer between photons and the cosmic medium across vast distances. The IUF accounts for a broad range of empirical observations, including high-redshift galaxies observed by JWST, surface brightness dimming, and the cosmic microwave background through known, well-characterized photon–medium interactions within structured intergalactic environments. The framework preserves conservation laws and offers testable predictions. Drawing on data from Voyager, JWST, and deep-field galaxy surveys, the IUF offers a falsifiable, physically consistent explanation for observed cosmological phenomena. By reframing redshift as a path-integrated energy transfer process, the IUF provides an alternative to ΛCDM that remains grounded in physical law and observational data.