Multimorbidity Prevalence and Contributing Factors in Saudi Arabia

Purpose: This study aims to examine the prevalence of multimorbidity in Saudi Arabia and identify the contributing factors. Methods: : A population-based cross-sectional study of 23,098 participants was conducted in 2020 across all 13 administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. Univariable and Multivariable logistic regression models were run to measure the effect of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors on multimorbidity. Results: : A total of 23,098 participants from the 13 administrative regions completed the interview. Fifty percent of the participants were female, with a mean of 36.9 years (SD 13.9 years; range: 18—90 years). The majority of participants were Saudi nationals (95.2%). The overall prevalence of multimorbidity in this sample is 23.3%, with no differences between genders. This study has found that consuming vegetables and fruits and smoking (cigarettes, shisha/waterpipe, and electronic cigarettes) were significantly associated with multimorbidity status. It was also found that performing intense and moderate physical activity was negatively associated with multimorbidity. Conclusion: This research has estimated the prevalence of multimorbidity in Saudi Arabia to be 23.3%. Judging by international research and the health profile of Saudi Arabia, this prevalence rate seems to be an underestimate. More research is needed to confirm the accurate prevalence of multimorbidity in Saudi Arabia.