Comparative genome analysis of the genus Marivirga and proposal of two novel marine species: Marivirga arenosa sp. nov., and Marivirga salinae sp. nov

Comparative genome analysis of the genus Marivirga and proposal of two novel marine species: Marivirga arenosa sp. nov., and Marivirga salinae sp. nov | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Comparative genome analysis of the genus Marivirga and proposal of two novel marine species: Marivirga arenosa sp. nov., and Marivirga salinae sp. nov Neak Muhammad, Forbes Avila, Song-Gun Kim This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4266468/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background The phylum Bacteroidota represents a significant proportion of heterotrophic bacteria found in marine ecosystems. Members of the phylum Bacteroidota are actively involved in the degradation of biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins. Bacteroidota genomes exhibit a significant enrichment of various enzymes, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), carboxypeptidases, esterases, isomerases, peptidases, phosphatases, and sulfatases. The genus Marivirga , a member of the family Marivirgaceae within the phylum Bacteroidota , comprises six documented species. During a microbial diversity study, three novel Marivirga strains (BKB1-2 T , ABR2-2, and BDSF4-3 T ) were isolated from the West Sea, Republic of Korea. Results To explore the taxonomic status and genomic characteristics of the novel isolates, we employed a polyphasic taxonomic approach, which included phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and comprehensive genome analysis. The three isolates were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, moderately halophilic, and had a gliding motility. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values among the two isolates, BKB1-2 T and BDSF4-3 T , and the six reference strains were 70.5–76.5% for ANI and 18.1–25.7% for dDDH. Interestingly, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the strains harbor genes for a comprehensive pathway for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), as well as other nitrogen pathways for the reduction of nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. Additionally, the antiSMASH analysis indicated that the strains contained three to eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, the strains carried a high number of CAZyme ranging from 53 to 152, which was also demonstrated by an in vitro analysis of degradation of the polysaccharide cellulose, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan. Additionally, all the strains carried genes for the metabolism of heavy metals, and exhibited tolerance to heavy metals, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in millimoles (mM) in ranges of Co 2+ (3–6), Cu 2+ (0.2–0.4), Ni 2+ (3–5), Zn 2+ (2–4), Mn 2+ (20–50), and Hg 2+ (0.3). Conclusions Based on polyphasic taxonomic approach, the three isolated strains represent two novel species names Marivirga arenosa sp. nov. (BKB1-2 T = KCTC 82989 T = InaCC B1618 T ), and Marivirga salinae sp. nov. (BDSF4-3 T = KCTC 82973 T = InaCC B1619 T ). Bacteroidota KEGG CAZymes polysaccharide DNRA heavy metals Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Additionalfile1.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 04 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 03 Jun, 2024 Reviews received at journal 30 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 14 May, 2024 Editor invited by journal 13 May, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 03 May, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 03 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 14 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4266468","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":300227875,"identity":"c74d7669-a96f-46f7-bcc6-2526ed18b87c","order_by":0,"name":"Neak Muhammad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Neak","middleName":"","lastName":"Muhammad","suffix":""},{"id":300227876,"identity":"d7660737-e89b-4af0-ba38-78c0ee284a5e","order_by":1,"name":"Forbes Avila","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Forbes","middleName":"","lastName":"Avila","suffix":""},{"id":300227877,"identity":"76f469dc-d07c-49c7-824a-a56a2adfd190","order_by":2,"name":"Song-Gun Kim","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNoYDDBUJDGwSPGCuAZFazpCqhYGxLYGBgWgt8v3LEg/dnJeWzyfde4C5ooLB2LyBgBaDG88OHM7dlmPZJnMugfHMGQYzmQOEtEgcbwBqqTBgk8gxYGxsY7CRIOiwGSAtc2Ba/hGhheF8G9BhDTlQLQ0MZgS1GNxgSziccyzNgA3ol4MNxySMCTus/5jx55yaZAP52b0HHzbU2BjOIOgwiQQE+wCQS1ADAwP/ASIUjYJRMApGwcgGAAdHPb/VAjmmAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Song-Gun","middleName":"","lastName":"Kim","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-14 23:59:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4266468/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4266468/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":56135113,"identity":"25351e06-6ed7-4415-92b2-c8d745e5c2af","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-09 02:46:49","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1040081,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"240411Marivirgamain.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4266468/v1_covered_b01e290b-7009-4203-a657-4e31e0dd1e8f.pdf"},{"id":56134586,"identity":"684c0981-0b5c-4d0f-b611-ff34b9e7b159","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-09 02:38:51","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":2742029,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Additionalfile1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4266468/v1/1a0032f4c88a030a6b186fba.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Comparative genome analysis of the genus Marivirga and proposal of two novel marine species: Marivirga arenosa sp. nov., and Marivirga salinae sp. nov","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-microbiology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"mcro","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Microbiology](http://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/mcro","title":"BMC Microbiology","twitterHandle":"#bmcmicrobiology","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Bacteroidota, KEGG, CAZymes, polysaccharide, DNRA, heavy metals","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4266468/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4266468/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe phylum \u003cem\u003eBacteroidota\u003c/em\u003e represents a significant proportion of heterotrophic bacteria found in marine ecosystems. Members of the phylum \u003cem\u003eBacteroidota\u003c/em\u003e are actively involved in the degradation of biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins. \u003cem\u003eBacteroidota\u003c/em\u003e genomes exhibit a significant enrichment of various enzymes, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), carboxypeptidases, esterases, isomerases, peptidases, phosphatases, and sulfatases. The genus \u003cem\u003eMarivirga\u003c/em\u003e, a member of the family \u003cem\u003eMarivirgaceae\u003c/em\u003e within the phylum \u003cem\u003eBacteroidota\u003c/em\u003e, comprises six documented species. During a microbial diversity study, three novel \u003cem\u003eMarivirga\u003c/em\u003e strains (BKB1-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e, ABR2-2, and BDSF4-3\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e) were isolated from the West Sea, Republic of Korea.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo explore the taxonomic status and genomic characteristics of the novel isolates, we employed a polyphasic taxonomic approach, which included phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and comprehensive genome analysis. The three isolates were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, moderately halophilic, and had a gliding motility. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values among the two isolates, BKB1-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e and BDSF4-3\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e, and the six reference strains were 70.5\u0026ndash;76.5% for ANI and 18.1\u0026ndash;25.7% for dDDH. Interestingly, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the strains harbor genes for a comprehensive pathway for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), as well as other nitrogen pathways for the reduction of nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. Additionally, the antiSMASH analysis indicated that the strains contained three to eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, the strains carried a high number of CAZyme ranging from 53 to 152, which was also demonstrated by an \u003cem\u003ein vitro\u003c/em\u003e analysis of degradation of the polysaccharide cellulose, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan. Additionally, all the strains carried genes for the metabolism of heavy metals, and exhibited tolerance to heavy metals, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in millimoles (mM) in ranges of Co\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (3\u0026ndash;6), Cu\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (0.2\u0026ndash;0.4), Ni\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (3\u0026ndash;5), Zn\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (2\u0026ndash;4), Mn\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (20\u0026ndash;50), and Hg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e (0.3).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on polyphasic taxonomic approach, the three isolated strains represent two novel species names \u003cem\u003eMarivirga arenosa\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. (BKB1-2\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;KCTC 82989\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;InaCC B1618\u003csup\u003eT\u003c/sup\u003e), and \u003cem\u003eMarivirga salinae\u003c/em\u003e sp. nov. 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