Bacteria distribution and drug resistance of a tertiary teaching hospital between 2020 and 2021 in Anhui Province, China

Background: Antimicrobial resistance has become a worldwide problem.This study aimed to analyze the pathogen distribution and drug resistance of hospital to provide evidence for clinical rational drug use and prevention and control of hospital acquired infection. Methods: : All data were obtained by the application of WHONET 5.6 software. The tested data of microbial specimens were collected during 2 years study period (January 2020- December 2021) to analyze and summarize the pathogens distribution with their resistance spectrum. Results: : We isolated 3246 pathogen strains from inpatients during 2020-2021, including 2434 strains of Gram-negative bacteria (75.0%) and 812 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (25.0%). The top five strains were Escherichia coli (26.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa ) (11.3%), Acinetobacter baumannii ( A . baumannii ) (8.5%), Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) (8.9%). Bacteria were mainly isolated from urine (31.2%), sputum (26.6%), secretions(20.1%) and blood samples (16.6%). The top three departments of isolation were ICU, Urology Surgery, Neurosurgery Dept. The resistance rates of the main gram-negative bacilli to the second and third generation cephalosporins were between 42%-55%, P. aeruginosa was sensitive to most antibiotics, A . baumannii was generally resistant to common antibiotics. S. aureus , Enterococcus faecalis ( E. faecalis ) and Enterococcus faecium ( E. faecium ) were 100% sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, teicolanin and tegacycline. For most antibiotics, methicillin-resistant S. aureus showed a higher resistance rate to the same antibiotic compared to methicillin-sensitive S.aureus . E. faecalis wasmore sensitive to antibiotics than E. faecium . Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was detected as 83.7% in 2021. Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae increased with Serratia marcescens as a representative. The resistance rate to ertapenem of Serratia marcescens reached to 88.9%. Conclusion: Gram-negative bacteria were the main bacteria detected. A. baumannii has severe drug resistance. Most multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) increased by years. It is very necessary to strengthen the rational application of antimicrobial agents and implement the combined prevention measures of MDRO.