Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence Among Patients Attended Ambo Town Health Centers, West Shoa, Ethiopia: A Four Years Retrospective Study

Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence Among Patients Attended Ambo Town Health Centers, West Shoa, Ethiopia: A Four Years Retrospective Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence Among Patients Attended Ambo Town Health Centers, West Shoa, Ethiopia: A Four Years Retrospective Study Mulugeta Getachew, Chala Kumsa, Edosa Kebede, Amanuel Teferi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6226676/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background : Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria is still one of the leading causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, with serious medical, economic, and social consequences. Regarding malaria prevalence, numerous studies have been done in different parts of Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of information in Ambo town. Thus, this study aimed to assess the 4-year trend of malaria prevalence in Ambo town, West Shoa, Ethiopia. Methods : A four-year (2020-2023) retrospective review of the laboratory registration book was performed at the Ambo and Awaro health centers in Ambo town from 1 to 30 September 2024. The collected data included the year and month of examination, age, sex, and laboratory results of the blood smears, including the identified Plasmodium species. Data were collected using KoboToolbox and analyzed using SPSS. Data were summarized and displayed through tables and figures to present the results. Logistic regression was used to see the association. Results : Over four years, 2665 blood smears were analyzed at Ambo and Awaro health centers. Of the total blood smears analyzed, 285 (10.7%) were microscopically confirmed as Plasmodium species. Plasmodium vivax , Plasmodium falciparum , and mixed infections ( comprising Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax) accounted for 5.7%, 4.1%, and 0.9% of the cases, respectively. The highest malaria prevalence was recorded from September to November. Seasonal variation was statistically significant (autumn [AOR = 1.704 (95% CI: 1.181 - 2.458, P 0 .004] and summer [AOR = 1.693 (95% CI: 1.166 - 2.457, P 0.006]) with malaria prevalence. Malaria prevalence was substantially higher among those aged ≥15 years ([AOR = 4.172 (95% CI: 1.312 - 13.27, P= 0.016]). Malaria prevalence was not statistically significant with gender ([AOR = 1.109 (95% CI: 0.867-1.418, P= 0.409]), although a higher rate among males. Conclusion : Plasmodium vivax was the dominant Plasmodium species in the area. Malaria prevalence was substantially greater among those aged ≥15 years. Malaria cases increased in 2021 and then remained stable in 2022, before increasing sharply in 2023. Furthermore, this study found that malaria cases were reported throughout the year, with the highest prevalence observed between September and November. Malaria prevalence showed no significant difference by sex. So, enhancing malaria control actions is critical in reducing the malaria burden to achieve the nation’s malaria elimination goal by 2030. Ambo Ethiopia Malaria Prevalence Retrospective Trend Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6226676","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":493248987,"identity":"54b2f827-6d51-11f0-907b-06cc9d20a69f","order_by":0,"name":"Mulugeta Getachew","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Ambo University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mulugeta","middleName":"","lastName":"Getachew","suffix":""},{"id":493249026,"identity":"5be46771-6d51-11f0-907b-06cc9d20a69f","order_by":1,"name":"Chala Kumsa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ambo University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chala","middleName":"","lastName":"Kumsa","suffix":""},{"id":493249099,"identity":"64c4faef-6d51-11f0-907b-06cc9d20a69f","order_by":2,"name":"Edosa Kebede","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ambo University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Edosa","middleName":"","lastName":"Kebede","suffix":""},{"id":493249187,"identity":"6d428569-6d51-11f0-907b-06cc9d20a69f","order_by":3,"name":"Amanuel Teferi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ambo University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amanuel","middleName":"","lastName":"Teferi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-14 13:23:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6226676/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6226676/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":88002154,"identity":"7ca7d223-7a3d-4092-8823-8b8677040604","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-31 10:26:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":603177,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Malariatrend.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6226676/v1_covered_edd9dde1-a4f5-423a-97f1-ea9651835f62.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eTrend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence Among Patients Attended Ambo Town Health Centers, West Shoa, Ethiopia: A Four Years Retrospective Study\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":true,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Ambo, Ethiopia, Malaria, Prevalence, Retrospective, Trend","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6226676/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6226676/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003e: Despite being preventable and treatable, malaria is still one of the leading causes of human morbidity and mortality worldwide, with serious medical, economic, and social consequences. Regarding malaria prevalence, numerous studies have been done in different parts of Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of information in Ambo town. Thus, this study aimed to assess the 4-year trend of malaria prevalence in Ambo town, West Shoa, Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods\u003c/strong\u003e: A four-year (2020-2023) retrospective review of the laboratory registration book was performed at the Ambo and Awaro health centers in Ambo town from 1 to 30 September 2024. The collected data included the year and month of examination, age, sex, and laboratory results of the blood smears, including the identified \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium\u003c/em\u003especies. Data were collected using KoboToolbox and analyzed using SPSS. Data were summarized and displayed through tables and figures to present the results. Logistic regression was used to see the association.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e: Over four years, 2665 blood smears were analyzed at Ambo and Awaro health centers. Of the total blood smears analyzed, 285 (10.7%) were microscopically confirmed as \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium\u003c/em\u003e species. \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium vivax\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium falciparum\u003c/em\u003e, and mixed infections (\u003cem\u003ecomprising Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax) accounted for\u003c/em\u003e 5.7%, 4.1%, and 0.9% of the cases, respectively. The highest malaria prevalence was recorded from September to November. Seasonal variation was statistically significant (autumn [AOR = 1.704 (95% CI: 1.181 - 2.458, P 0 .004] and summer [AOR = 1.693 (95% CI: 1.166 - 2.457, P 0.006]) with malaria prevalence. Malaria prevalence was substantially higher among those aged ≥15 years ([AOR = 4.172 (95% CI: 1.312 - 13.27, P= 0.016]). Malaria prevalence was not statistically significant with gender ([AOR = 1.109 (95% CI: 0.867-1.418, P= 0.409]), although a higher rate among males.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e: \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium vivax\u003c/em\u003e was the dominant \u003cem\u003ePlasmodium\u003c/em\u003e species in the area. Malaria prevalence was substantially greater among those aged ≥15 years. Malaria cases increased in 2021 and then remained stable in 2022, before increasing sharply in 2023. Furthermore, this study found that malaria cases were reported throughout the year, with the highest prevalence observed between September and November. Malaria prevalence showed no significant difference by sex. So, enhancing malaria control actions is critical in reducing the malaria burden to achieve the nation’s malaria elimination goal by 2030.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence Among Patients Attended Ambo Town Health Centers, West Shoa, Ethiopia: A Four Years Retrospective Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-31 10:18:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6226676/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2b56232e-49f4-4607-85cf-599fd2e98a1d","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 31st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-31T10:18:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-31 10:18:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6226676","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6226676","identity":"rs-6226676","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}