Flexible Dissolving Microneedle Array for Efficient DNA Vaccination by Electroporation-assisted Transdermal Immunization

Flexible Dissolving Microneedle Array for Efficient DNA Vaccination by Electroporation-assisted Transdermal Immunization | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Flexible Dissolving Microneedle Array for Efficient DNA Vaccination by Electroporation-assisted Transdermal Immunization Huiting Zhao, Xu Wang, Tianjiao Ma, Zhanhui Geng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3180797/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract DNA vaccination has emerged as an innovative approach for preventing and treating different diseases, including infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmune diseases. Although the results of ongoing clinical trials are promising, several limitations compromise the immunogenicity of these vaccines. Here, we presented a novel immune strategy that combined intradermal immunization with skin electroporation to enhance the immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine. A flexible dissolving microneedle array (FDMNA) was developed, comprising 400 pyramidal microneedles. The microneedle array included dissolving needles for delivering DNA vaccine and a flexible needle substrate for good tissue surface coverage. The FDMNA was completely dissolved within 10 minutes after being inserted into the skin and transported the DNA into the immune-cell-rich epidermis and dermis layer. In vivo immunogenicity test was performed to observe the ability of FDMNA-mediated intradermal electroporation to induce immune response. The electroporation voltage, pulse number and pulse duration were 100 V, 6 pulses and 50 ms, respectively. The result showed that, compared with the intramuscular vaccination, the FDMNA induced higher levels of antibody immune response against ovalbumin in mice. These findings demonstrated the potential utility of a Flexible Dissolving Microneedle Array(FDMNA)-based immune strategy for enhanced DNA vaccination. DNA vaccine Dissolving microneedle array Intradermal immunization Electroporation Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3180797","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":221212791,"identity":"48916ccc-f545-43d1-919d-d542a27e73bc","order_by":0,"name":"Huiting Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huiting","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":221212792,"identity":"63edd2f2-d0fb-455c-970b-2a79af18608d","order_by":1,"name":"Xu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":271891794,"identity":"23f18d0e-1642-405e-ad52-c2ea8e7ed385","order_by":2,"name":"Tianjiao Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Academy of Military Sciences of People's Liberation Army","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tianjiao","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":221212793,"identity":"debc2935-662e-4aad-bd20-fcb9343c8620","order_by":3,"name":"Zhanhui Geng","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACeWbmAwc+GPyT42dvPsaQABI6QECLYTtb4sMZFQeMJXuOpTEkJBChheE8j7Exz5kDiQY3cswYGIjRwtjMYCbB23YnQXJGzrcHD38wyPHdSGD8XIBHCzszQ5qEZNuzPH6et9sNgA4zlryRwCw9A78txyQM25iLJdtzt0kAtSRuuJHAxsyDz2WHGdskEtuYEzccyHkG0lJPhBZmZoMDZw4nbjiRwwbSkmBASIthMxvjw4aKNFAgmxskpEkYzjzzsFkanxZ5/vMfDv8xsAFF5bOHP2xs5PmOJx/8jNdhaEACiBkbSNAwCkbBKBgFowAbAADvrlKZoK7muQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Academy of Military Sciences of People's Liberation Army","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhanhui","middleName":"","lastName":"Geng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-07-18 08:59:17","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"coiExplicitlySet":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3180797/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3180797/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":50929822,"identity":"1ddf1fb5-6fbd-4d98-9a7c-886ea82fb588","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-09 17:49:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":933285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FlexibleDissolvingMicroneedleArrayforEfficientDNAVaccinationbyElectroporationassistedTransdermalImmunization.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3180797/v2_covered_cc1b9998-5fde-4e5e-88cc-2cb73cf58fa2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eFlexible Dissolving Microneedle Array for Efficient DNA Vaccination by Electroporation-assisted Transdermal Immunization\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"DNA vaccine, Dissolving microneedle array, Intradermal immunization, Electroporation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3180797/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3180797/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eDNA vaccination has emerged as an innovative approach for preventing and treating different diseases, including infectious diseases, cancers and autoimmune diseases. 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