Comparative analysis of maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies complicated and not complicated with hyperemesis gravidarum necessitating hospitalization

Abstract Background Hyperemesis gravidarum is considered to be one of the most common causes of hospitalization during the first half of pregnancy, and is a potentially life-threatening condition. The purpose of this study to evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancies complicated and not complicated with hyperemesis gravidarum necessitating hospitalization.Methods A total of 386 women with singleton deliveries between March 2015 and March 2019 were included in this retrospective single-center study. Of 386 women, 186 women who were hospitalized with hyperemesis gravidarum within the first 20 weeks of gestation comprised the hyperemetic pregnancy group, while 200 women without hyperemesis gravidarum during pregnancy served as a control group. Fisher’s exact test, Pearson Chi-Square test, Fisher Freeman Halton Test (Monte Carlo) and Mann-Whitney U test were used for data analysis.Results No significant difference was noted between the hyperemesis gravidarum and control groups in terms of maternal characteristics, gestational age (median 38.6 and 39.0 weeks, respectively), type of delivery (normal spontaneous delivery in 78.0% and 80.0%, respectively), fetal gender (female: 53.2% and 48.5%, respectively), birthweight (median 3250 g and 3275 g, respectively) and 5-min APGAR scores (≥7 in 97.3% and 97.5%, respectively). Adverse pregnancy outcomes were also similar between groups including preterm birth (8.1% and 11.0%, respectively), SGA (5.9% and 9.5%, respectively), hypertensive disorder (5.4% and 7.5%, respectively), placental abruption (1.1% and 0.5%, respectively), stillbirth (0.0% and 0.5%, respectively) and GDM (3.8% and 2.5%, respectively). Weight loss during pregnancy was evident in 94.0% of women in the hyperemesis gravidarum group, while none of women in the control group had weight loss during pregnancy (p<0.001).Conclusion The findings of this study revealed that pregnancies complicated with hyperemesis gravidarum were not associated with increased risk for adverse fetal and maternal outcomes compared with the healthy control pregnancies.