Implants equipped with blades aiming to control the lateral pressure on the cortical bone. An experimental study in dogs

Background: To avoid cortical compression, several implant systems have included dedicated drills aimed at widening the cortical region of osteotomy. However, the manual execution of this operation does not guarantee the necessary precision. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the optimal size of the recipient site at the level of the alveolar crest in relation to the size of the coronal region of the implant to achieve the best healing result. Materials and methods: Blades of different diameters were incorporated into the coronal part of the implant to prepare the cortical region of the bone crest in different dimensions in relation to the collar of the implant. The differences in diameter of the blades in relation to the collar of the implant were as follows: one control group, -175 µm, and three test groups, 0 µm, + 50 µm, or + 200 µm. Results: The marginal bone loss (MBL) at the buccal aspect was 0.7 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.2 mm, and 0.7 mm in the − 175 µm, 0.0 µm, + 50 µm, + 200 µm groups, respectively. The differences were statistically significant between group + 50 µm and control group − 175 µm (p = 0.019), and between + 50 µm and + 200 µm (p < 0.01) groups. The level of osseointegration at the buccal aspect was more coronally located in the test groups than in the control group, whereas the bone-to-implant contact percentage was higher in the + 50 µm and + 200 µm groups. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The lowest bone crest resorption and highest levels of osseointegration were observed in the 0.0 µm and + 50 µm groups. Only the difference between the + 50 µm and control + 200 µm groups was significant. The cortical region where the blades had performed their cutting action showed regular healing with perfect sealing in all the groups. Cortical blades gathered bone particles, particularly in the + 200 µm group, which were incorporated into the newly formed bone. The results from the present experiment provide support to the use of blades that produce a marginal gap of 50 µm after implant insertion.