Voltage detected single spin dynamics in diamond at ambient conditions

Voltage detected single spin dynamics in diamond at ambient conditions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Voltage detected single spin dynamics in diamond at ambient conditions Boris Naydenov, Sergei Trofimov, Klaus Lips This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4719159/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Defect centres in crystals like diamond or silicon find a wide application in quantum technology, where the detection and control of their quantum states is crucial for their implementation as quantum sensors and qubits. The quantum information is usually encoded in the spin state of these defect centres, but they also often possess a charge which is typically not utilized. We report here the detection of elementary charges bound to single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres several nanometres below the diamond surface using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) under laser illumination. Moreover, the measured voltage depends on the NV's electron spin state, thus allowing to perform a non-optical single spin readout, a technique we refer to as ``Voltage Detected Magnetic Resonance'' (VDMR). Our method opens a novel way of coherent spin dynamics detection for quantum sensing applications and could be applied to other solid state systems. We believe that this voltage-based readout would help to simplify the design of devices for quantum technology. Physical sciences/Physics/Condensed-matter physics/Magnetic properties and materials Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Qubits Physical sciences/Physics/Condensed-matter physics/Electronic properties and materials Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Quantum mechanics Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files TrofimovetalSupplementaryMaterial.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 14 Apr, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Communications → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4719159","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":346322085,"identity":"b444c9b7-c8c4-4989-8703-1bf8714ed0e0","order_by":0,"name":"Boris Naydenov","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-3880","institution":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Boris","middleName":"","lastName":"Naydenov","suffix":""},{"id":346322086,"identity":"78e1089d-741d-4e38-bb1e-c0ed448ea4f7","order_by":1,"name":"Sergei Trofimov","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9718-2845","institution":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sergei","middleName":"","lastName":"Trofimov","suffix":""},{"id":346322087,"identity":"b36379a3-b02a-411d-8148-2cbd815d4b21","order_by":2,"name":"Klaus Lips","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Klaus","middleName":"","lastName":"Lips","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-10 16:05:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4719159/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4719159/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58635-3","type":"published","date":"2025-04-14T04:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":80607426,"identity":"e1fb88f9-f174-4807-877d-afca0bfd759b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-15 07:05:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":439329,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TrofimovetalManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4719159/v1_covered_3db3a6a7-5a2e-4308-b7d7-77745381cca0.pdf"},{"id":63507482,"identity":"71abdfd9-e12d-4fc5-8caf-727c1ee70785","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-29 02:21:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":7447476,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"TrofimovetalSupplementaryMaterial.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4719159/v1/7a8b65ac6da1d6506c5e89ab.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Voltage detected single spin dynamics in diamond at ambient conditions","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4719159/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4719159/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Defect centres in crystals like diamond or silicon find a wide application in quantum technology, where the detection and control of their quantum states is crucial for their implementation as quantum sensors and qubits. 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