Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a disease characterized by presence of endometrial tissue in locations other than the uterus. The exact pathogenesis of endometriosis is unknown; however, theories include retrograde menstruation, hematogenous or lymphatic transport, stem cells from bone marrow, and coelomic metaplasia. This chapter discusses the background of the disease, including its classification, incidence/prevalence, economic impact, etiology, and pathology/pathogenesis. It provides information on the screening, primary prevention and secondary prevention of the disease. The chapter describes the differential diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, and laboratory diagnosis along with a list of diagnostic tests, as well as potential pitfalls/common errors made regarding diagnosis of endometriosis. It also discusses the treatment options, including prevention/management of complications, and prognosis for endometriosis. Symptoms of endometriosis can be successfully managed with medical and surgical therapy. There is no cure for endometriosis and it can recur after medical and surgical treatment.