Human Disturbance, Plant Species Composition, Diversity and Community Types of Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Tigray Region, Ethiopia

Human Disturbance, Plant Species Composition, Diversity and Community Types of Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Tigray Region, Ethiopia | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Human Disturbance, Plant Species Composition, Diversity and Community Types of Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Tigray Region, Ethiopia Fitsum Temesgen Hailemariam, Bikila Warkineh Dullo, Addisu Asefa Mitiku This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-230558/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Ethiopia is rich in woodland natural forest although of increasingly subjected to deforestation and forest degradation with extensive expansion of settlement and agricultural practices. In developing countries like Ethiopia forest is one of the vital resources that determine the livelihood of the local communities. Consequently, woodlands’ of the country’s are under heavy pressure by shifting cultivation and charcoal production. Kafta-sheraro national park is newly established woodland area which lacks documented vegetation diversity and human disturbance on the forest. The study was conducted to quantify plant species richness and diversity along altitude; and identify anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation composition and community diversity of the park. Methods: a Systematic sampling method was used to determine species composition, abundance, and diversity. 161 quadrats each (400 m 2 ) lying 200 m far apart for trees and shrubs while sub-plots (1 m 2 ) for herbs and grasses along transects were established over an altitudinal gradient of 539-1111 m.a.s.l. All vascular plant species were collected and brought to National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University for identification.The degree of disturbance data as (low, moderate and heavy) were visually estimated for each plot. Result: a total of 182 plant species: 63 (34.6%) herbs,46 (25.3%) trees, 38 (20.9%) grasses, 18(9.89%) shrubs, 11 climbers (6.04%), and 6 (3.3%) tree ̸ shrub), belonging to 142 genera and 53 families, were identified. Fabaceae was represented by the highest number of species (37 species; 20.3%) followed by Poaceae (36 species; 19.8%) and Asteraceae, 10 species (5.49%). Three plant communities’ types were identified: Acacia mellifera-Balanites aegyptiaca ( 1); Hyphaene thebaica - Ziziphus spina-christi (2); Combretum hartmannianum - Terminalia brownii - Boswellia papyrifera ( 3). Species richness was highest in community 1 (mid-altitude: 607-640 m.a.s.l.).The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H ` =2.82) for the forest was in community 2 (low altitude: 539-610 m.a.s.l.) while evenness (J=0.72) was highest in community 3 (high altitude: 674-1111 m.a.s.l.) There was a significant correlation between species richness (p=0.024) and altitude per plot while species diversity was non significant (p>0.05) over altitude. Human activities also strongly correlated with species richness and diversity of specific community type. Conclusion: the site has pronounced floristic composition and diversity. Altitudinal difference and the degree of human disturbance determine variation in species composition and richness among communities. Altitude is significantly correlated with species richness of all community types while it is more strongly correlated with community type1.Crop cultivation, illegal fire, and overpopulation of livestock grazing are the main threats in community types 2 and 3. However, this document is a baseline to vegetation information of the park. detailed study on conservation challenges (anthropogenic disturbance) of the park vegetation and prioritize their mitigation measures should be arranged. Forestry Species composition plant community species diversity human interference Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-230558","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":12955907,"identity":"01c8316c-df89-4895-9c58-75819cd6f3ec","order_by":0,"name":"Fitsum Temesgen Hailemariam","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIie3PMQrCMBSA4ciDdHnStUWpV6gUiqDYq0SETukNRIeCLuLsMZycK0FXV/eCg1OlIB1ETaWDU1s3wfxDEkI+khCiUv1gWlgsdIBITka7kqAAOTJCzAVlOcFqEhXEPqL93qgmmi6SazawiMD0cpr0kGhivyklANRcM99phM1tnx/kw9D3T2XEkwSQiVEIza3DqSQGuqVE3gLpnT1nc8Czwx/1CGkRFjEEhDiY1yOuufTH3TVQF4KVgbTqL6jv4iQbDDveUcQpv00tXROHUvIZNd5j3eN5kHxzWqVSqf6nF20BPL3ITslMAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fitsum","middleName":"Temesgen","lastName":"Hailemariam","suffix":""},{"id":12955908,"identity":"41a7b5c6-a724-4a7d-9a89-2ecef3deb704","order_by":1,"name":"Bikila Warkineh Dullo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Addis Ababa University Faculty of Science: Addis Ababa University College of Natural Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bikila","middleName":"Warkineh","lastName":"Dullo","suffix":""},{"id":12955909,"identity":"32d40ffd-0565-4425-890b-33f2c13907d0","order_by":2,"name":"Addisu Asefa Mitiku","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ethiopian wildlife conservation authority","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Addisu","middleName":"Asefa","lastName":"Mitiku","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-02-11 01:02:35","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-230558/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-230558/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":6372573,"identity":"aae13a91-1764-42af-9c05-0dcffeaa0df1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:39:50","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":204843,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Location map of the study site (Source: Fitsum and Bikila, 2020) \nNote: The designations employed and the presentation of the material on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Research Square concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This map has been provided by the authors.","description":"","filename":"Fig01.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/e16b3fa3376cefef83373c05.png"},{"id":6372228,"identity":"6be5261c-8b7e-469c-a50e-0a8e1f18c2a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:36:50","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":12732,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Average Rainfall and Temperature (Source: Fitsum and Bikila, 2020)","description":"","filename":"Fig02.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/b97cab68750f4ff5dd77cb40.png"},{"id":6372574,"identity":"ee117f02-2c6c-452c-9b23-99deab61de29","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:39:50","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":338616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Tekeze riverside irrigated farm land and settlement in side Kafta-sheraro national park","description":"","filename":"Fig03.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/8f3a4c870bd73da300be2924.png"},{"id":6372224,"identity":"ff3cd48c-ce9d-4c16-8566-d7b6af4b62be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:36:49","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":15555,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Life form (habit) distribution of Kafta-Sheraro National Park vegetation","description":"","filename":"Fig04.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/8b84b3abc1eccd9dba79a7e8.png"},{"id":6372575,"identity":"be18f6ff-ac1a-4cdc-b78e-1f155bc608aa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:39:50","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":15550,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The number of plant species in each family in Kafta-sheraro national park (KSNP)","description":"","filename":"Fig05.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/274dd9196cdb0665f96e5d1a.png"},{"id":6372571,"identity":"fdb0ec2c-40f2-48f0-b1a9-890672b486f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:39:49","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":38184,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Dendrogram showing plant communities ‘types of Kafta-Sheraro National Park using Agglomerative hierarchical Ward’s method and Euclidean distance (C1plots:1-30,32,34,37-77, 79,84,88,91,93,96-100,103,107,109,112,119,131,133,135;C2plots:31,35,36,78,80-83,85,86,87,89,90,92,94,95,101, 102,104,105,106,108,110,111,113,114,161;C3plots:16,33,115-118,120-130,132,134,136,137-160). ","description":"","filename":"Fig06.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/400b1807bd0363ffc5d20b7b.png"},{"id":6372239,"identity":"c1f71f87-7320-4588-8f72-41ff92afb498","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:36:50","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":340284,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Some floras of Acacia mellifera-Balanites aegyptiaca community type","description":"","filename":"Fig07.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/d2f5eea19e0ae4033f47062e.png"},{"id":6372572,"identity":"85ff2ac2-59af-4789-922e-da9dede8bbea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:39:50","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":306965,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Hyphaene thebaica- Ziziphus spina-christi community type","description":"","filename":"Fig08.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/44d291deec659a2addb5ad72.png"},{"id":6372930,"identity":"08b9dfcf-9ee9-4ee1-8a44-f25a9d1b648a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:42:50","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":312424,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Combretum hartmannianum -Terminalia brownii dominated community type","description":"","filename":"Fig09.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/cd4c4c4d445225442693af6b.png"},{"id":6372235,"identity":"c475a483-161c-4231-b1f0-3f80e03afa83","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:36:50","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":32426,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Scatter plots with least squares regression line showing relationship between patterns of species richness per plot and altitude. Least square regression line equation: Species richness per plot(y) =6.56-0.0024Altitude(x); Correlation coefficient(r) = -0.18; coefficient of determination (R2) =0.025; estimate for the slope=-0.32295183+/-0.02308234 at a 95% of confidence level, and standard error of the regression slope=0.001056","description":"","filename":"Fig10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/2fe161d51e496936fc2ea233.png"},{"id":6372226,"identity":"d79c4062-4e85-484d-bd4b-396012a6d6d0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:36:50","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":64405,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Scatter plots with least squares regression line showing relationship between patterns of species diversity and eveness per plot and altitude. Correlation cofficient: r=-0.08 (a), r= 0.05 (b)","description":"","filename":"Fig11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/d58461889358454fc91194fe.png"},{"id":6372233,"identity":"1c541954-e25a-4519-8377-3919f627cb0b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:36:50","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":115143,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Box-plot showing the species richness (S) response of the three community along human disturbance intensity (no or low, moderate and heavy) for each community the degree of disturbance is presented. (C1=Acacia mellifera-Balanites aegyptiaca, C2=Hyphaene thebaica-Ziziphus spina-christi and C3=Combretum hartmannianum-Terminalia brownii-Boswellia papyrifera community types). ","description":"","filename":"Fig12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/3cf5c0cd15d61676fac20378.png"},{"id":6372236,"identity":"58a54f47-3dcd-4b4c-ab74-c155f4f1d38f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:36:50","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":681568,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"photographs showing human inducing disturbances in Kafta-sheraro national park: firewood collection in Acacia mellifera-Balanites aegyptiaca community (a), banana (Musa sp.) and maize (Zea mays) cultivation in Tekeze river sides (b), charcoal product loaded by horse cart(c) and traditional gold mining (d) ","description":"","filename":"Fig13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/b19db5b5ee03e4fb9cec4530.png"},{"id":6372237,"identity":"c21b4e1f-4340-48e2-b33e-c9d0f4d87dfc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:36:50","extension":"png","order_by":14,"title":"Figure 14","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":674232,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"photographs showing anthropogenic activities: Livestock browsing and grazing (a \u0026 b), Sesamum indicum cultivation (c) and sorghum bicolor cultivation (d) inside Kafta-Sheraro National Park dry forest","description":"","filename":"Fig14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1/9b4bf94cb8024fd4be004adf.png"},{"id":13595783,"identity":"55db171f-c696-4674-9736-210b9343709c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 05:25:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1494328,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"VegetationJournal2FSpringerJ..pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":6373366,"identity":"c38e7366-4895-484b-ab41-d286af16497f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-25 22:46:04","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1941049,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"VegetationJournal2FSpringerJ..pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-230558/v1_stamped.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Human Disturbance, Plant Species Composition, Diversity and Community Types of Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Tigray Region, Ethiopia","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-230558/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Species composition, plant community, species diversity, human interference ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-230558/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-230558/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Ethiopia is rich in woodland natural forest although of increasingly subjected to deforestation and forest degradation with extensive expansion of settlement and agricultural practices. In developing countries like Ethiopia forest is one of the vital resources that determine the livelihood of the local communities. Consequently, woodlands’ of the country’s are under heavy pressure by shifting cultivation and charcoal production. Kafta-sheraro national park is newly established woodland area which lacks documented vegetation diversity and human disturbance on the forest. The study was conducted to quantify plant species richness and diversity along altitude; and identify anthropogenic disturbance on vegetation composition and community diversity of the park. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e a Systematic sampling method was used to determine species composition, abundance, and diversity. 161 quadrats each (400 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) lying 200 m far apart for trees and shrubs while sub-plots (1 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e) for herbs and grasses along transects were established over an altitudinal gradient of 539-1111 m.a.s.l. All vascular plant species were collected and brought to National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University for identification.The degree of disturbance data as (low, moderate and heavy) were visually estimated for each plot. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResult:\u003c/strong\u003e a total of 182 plant species: 63 (34.6%) herbs,46 (25.3%) trees, 38 (20.9%) grasses, 18(9.89%) shrubs, 11 climbers (6.04%), and 6 (3.3%) tree ̸ shrub), belonging to 142 genera and 53 families, were identified. Fabaceae was represented by the highest number of species (37 species; 20.3%) followed by Poaceae (36 species; 19.8%) and Asteraceae, 10 species (5.49%). Three plant communities’ types were identified:\u003cem\u003e Acacia mellifera-Balanites aegyptiaca\u003c/em\u003e \u003cem\u003e(\u003c/em\u003e1);\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003eHyphaene thebaica\u003c/em\u003e-\u003cem\u003eZiziphus spina-christi\u003c/em\u003e (2);\u003cem\u003e Combretum hartmannianum\u003c/em\u003e-\u003cem\u003eTerminalia brownii\u003c/em\u003e-\u003cem\u003eBoswellia papyrifera \u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(\u003c/strong\u003e3). Species richness was highest in community 1 (mid-altitude: 607-640 m.a.s.l.).The highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H\u003cstrong\u003e`\u003c/strong\u003e=2.82) for the forest was in community 2 (low altitude: 539-610 m.a.s.l.) while evenness (J=0.72) was highest in community 3 (high altitude: 674-1111 m.a.s.l.) There was a significant correlation between species richness (p=0.024) and altitude per plot while species diversity was non significant (p\u0026gt;0.05) over altitude. Human activities also strongly correlated with species richness and diversity of specific community type. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e the site has pronounced floristic composition and diversity. Altitudinal difference and the degree of human disturbance determine variation in species composition and richness among communities. Altitude is significantly correlated with species richness of all community types while it is more strongly correlated with community type1.Crop cultivation, illegal fire, and overpopulation of livestock grazing are the main threats in community types 2 and 3. However, this document is a baseline to vegetation information of the park. detailed study on conservation challenges (anthropogenic disturbance) of the park vegetation and prioritize their mitigation measures should be arranged.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Human Disturbance, Plant Species Composition, Diversity and Community Types of Kafta-Sheraro National Park, Tigray Region, Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-02-25 22:36:47","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-230558/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"297a795b-bbfd-4aca-b8fb-5d18ce4f23ba","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 25th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":2626375,"name":"Forestry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-02-26T14:59:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-02-25 22:36:47","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-230558","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-230558","identity":"rs-230558","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}