Runoff Generation Signaled by Deviations from the Budyko Framework

Runoff Generation Signaled by Deviations from the Budyko Framework | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Runoff Generation Signaled by Deviations from the Budyko Framework Jr-Chuan Huang, Girum Getachew, Yi-Ying Chen This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5290385/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in Water Resources Management → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Water-energy dynamics play an essential role in regulating hydrological processes, and Budyko curve which quantitatively describes the long-term evaporation is widely used for relevant assessment. Yet, the influence of short-term evaporation deviation from long-term Budyko curve on different runoffs is rarely discussed. This study utilized the SWAT model to simulate different runoffs in an Ethiopian watershed and quantified the impacts of deviations between observed and Budyko regressive evaporative index on surface runoff, lateral flow, and return flow. Results revealed that SWAT effectively simulated the discharge satisfactorily with NSE of 0.74; and curve number, available water capacity and groundwater delay, are predominant parameters. Besides, 86% of the variance in the Budyko governing factor (n) could be explained by fractional vegetation cover and catchment slope. Higher n-values were observed in upper sub-catchments characterized by dense vegetation cover and permeable soils. Most importantly, the deviations in annual evaporative values from the long-term Budyko curve were significantly negatively correlated with both surface flow and return flow. The positive deviation, indicating that the short-term annual evaporative index exceeding the long-term Budyko values would accelerate evaporation and consequently generate lower surface and return flow. These findings offer new insights for effective water resource management in regions with complex climatic and catchment conditions. Budyko framework Runoff generation SWAT model Water-energy dynamics Full Text Supplementary Files BudykoCL20241018River.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Dec, 2024 Read the published version in Water Resources Management → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor revisions 04 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Oct, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 30 Oct, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 22 Oct, 2024 First submitted to journal 20 Oct, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5290385","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":372244438,"identity":"f1afef48-2b0b-4bf8-aa0f-8edc8ad7fcea","order_by":0,"name":"Jr-Chuan Huang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA40lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZiBmbACzDkBEDhCvhS0BovoAlI8XQJTwGBCnxbydx/Bx5Y7D8ub8a749/tjGIMd3I4H9MQ8eLTKHeYwNz545bLhzxtvtBgfbGIwlbyQwNuPTIsHMlibZ2HaYccONs9skgFoSN4C05ODXkv4TqMV+w40zz0Ba6onQwnyMEaglccP5HjaQlgQDIrQcBjosPXnDDTYziTPnJAxnnnnYOPsPPi38Bxs/NrZZ2244f/iZREWZjTzf8eQDH2fg0YKkOQFMMjAQE5MQwH+ASIWjYBSMglEw4gAAUUFUBR/dvncAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6589-4963","institution":"National Taiwan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jr-Chuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":372244439,"identity":"28c300a6-39db-450c-bc29-7158928b0539","order_by":1,"name":"Girum Getachew","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Academia Sinica","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Girum","middleName":"","lastName":"Getachew","suffix":""},{"id":372244440,"identity":"45aba538-30c3-47b0-abed-5eaaab199228","order_by":2,"name":"Yi-Ying Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Academia Sinica","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yi-Ying","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-18 15:10:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5290385/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5290385/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-024-04059-5","type":"published","date":"2024-12-24T15:57:01+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":72640639,"identity":"b73108dc-2748-44a3-8931-d6503b1449d4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-30 16:07:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1083925,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BudykoFramework1019GirumRiver.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5290385/v1_covered_9d1b1660-4f96-4a7d-970f-6d2b0fde60d4.pdf"},{"id":68789772,"identity":"5bfeb419-d472-43fd-8906-128890fa4a00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-12 05:24:41","extension":"pdf","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":108194,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BudykoCL20241018River.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5290385/v1/3d8c3d059a34eb68fd1ef01a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Runoff Generation Signaled by Deviations from the Budyko Framework","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"water-resources-management","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"warm","sideBox":"Learn more about [Water Resources Management](https://www.springer.com/journal/11269)","snPcode":"11269","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11269/3","title":"Water Resources Management","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Budyko framework, Runoff generation, SWAT model, Water-energy dynamics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5290385/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5290385/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Water-energy dynamics play an essential role in regulating hydrological processes, and Budyko curve which quantitatively describes the long-term evaporation is widely used for relevant assessment. Yet, the influence of short-term evaporation deviation from long-term Budyko curve on different runoffs is rarely discussed. This study utilized the SWAT model to simulate different runoffs in an Ethiopian watershed and quantified the impacts of deviations between observed and Budyko regressive evaporative index on surface runoff, lateral flow, and return flow. Results revealed that SWAT effectively simulated the discharge satisfactorily with NSE of 0.74; and curve number, available water capacity and groundwater delay, are predominant parameters. Besides, 86% of the variance in the Budyko governing factor (n) could be explained by fractional vegetation cover and catchment slope. Higher n-values were observed in upper sub-catchments characterized by dense vegetation cover and permeable soils. Most importantly, the deviations in annual evaporative values from the long-term Budyko curve were significantly negatively correlated with both surface flow and return flow. The positive deviation, indicating that the short-term annual evaporative index exceeding the long-term Budyko values would accelerate evaporation and consequently generate lower surface and return flow. These findings offer new insights for effective water resource management in regions with complex climatic and catchment conditions.","manuscriptTitle":"Runoff Generation Signaled by Deviations from the Budyko Framework","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-12 05:24:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5290385/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revisions","date":"2024-11-04T05:15:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-10-30T13:38:32+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-10-30T13:22:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-10-22T12:03:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Water Resources Management","date":"2024-10-20T22:42:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"water-resources-management","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"warm","sideBox":"Learn more about [Water Resources Management](https://www.springer.com/journal/11269)","snPcode":"11269","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11269/3","title":"Water Resources Management","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2b20df0b-a50d-456f-885f-5a24a47265a7","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 12th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-30T16:01:50+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5290385","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-024-04059-5","journal":{"identity":"water-resources-management","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Water Resources Management"},"publishedOn":"2024-12-24 15:57:01","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 24th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-12 05:24:36","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11269-024-04059-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-024-04059-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5290385","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5290385","identity":"rs-5290385","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}