Oncological results of PROPENLAP, prospective multicentric trial comparing open to mini-invasive radical prostatectomy (with and without robotic assistance)

Oncological results of PROPENLAP, prospective multicentric trial comparing open to mini-invasive radical prostatectomy (with and without robotic assistance) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Oncological results of PROPENLAP, prospective multicentric trial comparing open to mini-invasive radical prostatectomy (with and without robotic assistance) Laurent Salomon, Sylvie Bastuji-Garin, Catherine Mazerolles, Marian Devonec, and 24 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6915322/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose: to report 3-years oncological results of PROPENLAP, a prospective multicenter trial comparing open to laparoscopic (with or without robotic assistance) radical prostatectomy Methods: PROPENLAP was a prospective, controlled, non randomized trial of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in 13 centres using open or laparoscopic with or without robotic assistance radical prostatectomy. Inclusion criteria were: age < 70 years, having a biopsy-proven prostate cancer, clinical stage T1c, PSA < 20 ng/ml Specimen of radical prostatectomy were analysed according to the Stanford protocol; double centralized examination by anatomopathologist experts in prostate cancer and blinded from type of surgery No adjuvant treatment was given without biological progression defined by PSA >0.2 ng/ml and increasing. The primary end-point was a 3-year BCR rate defined as postoperative PSA level > 0.2 ng/ml, without any adjuvant treatment. The secondary end-points were positive surgical margins, operative time, blood transfusion, lymnphadenectomy results, peri and post operative morbidity. Results: From December 2008 to April 2011, 586 of 612 eligible patients, were included in the study, 240 for open retropubic approach (OR), 346 for laparoscopic approach (LP), 246 without robotic assistance (PLR) and 110 with robotic assistance (RLP) Patients from the open retropubic group were less likely to have comorbidities, had a higher percentage of positive biopsy results, were more likely to have a PSA level >10, and had more intermediate d’Amico risk relative to the laparoscopic group. Regarding pathological results, there were no significant differences between the groups in term of prostatectomy Gleason score or pathological stage. Operating time was shorter with robot assisted laparoscopy prostatectomy, blood loss was less important with mini-invasive surgery, specifically with robot-assisted laparoscopy procedure. There were 78 (13.3%) biochemical progression. There were no statistically significative difference in 36 months biological free survival between the three approaches and between open retropubic group and the laparoscopy group and between the open retropubic group and the laparoscopy group according to pathogical staging. As regard to secondary outcomes, no significant differences were observed in terms of positive surgical margins, operative time, blood transfusion, post operative complications according to Clavien’s classification, or hospital stay. Regarding the laparoscopic groups, in a multivariate Cox model, a trend towards a lower BCR rate was observed in the robot-assisted group (HR, 0.38, 95% CI [0.13-1.08], P = 0.07). Patients from the non-assisted laparoscopy group with a pT2 stage were more likely to have positive surgical margins, while no difference was observed for pT3. Non-assisted laparoscopic procedure was longer relative to the robot-assisted laparoscopic procedure with more important blood loss and blood transfusions. Conclusion: Laparoscopic (with or without robotic assistance) radical prostatectomy is non inferior to open retropubic radical prostatectomy in term of 3-year carcinological results. Laparoscopic with robotic assistance seems to offer oncological advantages in comparison with laparoscopic without robotic assistance radical prostatectomy. prostate cancer radical prostatectomy laparoscopy robotic surgery Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Radical prostatectomy is the surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer. With the anatomic description by Walsh in 1982 to decrease blood loss and to improve recovery of continence and potency after surgery, radical prostatectomy by open retropubic approach become the gold surgical standart treatment [1]. In 1987, Mouret performed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy , begining of mini-invasive surgery [2]. In 1997, first results of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy are published by Schuessler for transperitoneal approach and by Raboy for extraperitoneal approach [3,4]. From 1998, Gaston, Vallancien, Guillonneau and Abbou, developped laparoscopic approach in France, then Bollens, Rassweiler and Stolzenburg in Europe [5-9]. In United States, this approach remained limited because the learning curve was considered as long and difficult [10]. In 2000, first robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy was performed in Europe by Abbou [11] and the technics was developed by Menon and Patel in United States [12, 13] where it became the main approach: In 2009, 62% of radical prostatectomies were performed in USA with robotic assistance [10]. In France, mini-invasive surgery anddevelopment of robotic approach became the majority in 2011 [14]. First goal of radical prostatectomy is cancer control, second is continence and third, if possible, sexual function preservation with low complication rate [1]. Comparaison between surgical approach was analysed first by meta analysis and review [15-21] then by prospective randomized studies [22-36]. Theses studies compared open to robotic, laparoscopic to robotic approach, from unicentric or multicentric centers and performed by one or multiple surgeons, with different patient inclusion criteria. Also, because of the need to have quick results, the main objectives is functional results and specially continence results, carcinological results are presented as secondary objectives. First analysis of results showed that : - Oncological results represented by positive surgical margins should be equivalent with retropubic and laparoscopic approach - Quality of life and functional results (i.e continence and potency) should be better with laparoscopic approach. However, results of published series are conflicting and today, no prospective, multicentric and randomized study comparing laparoscopic with or without robotic assistance to retropubic radical prostatectomy has been published. The main objective of PROPENLAP study is to demonstrated that laparoscopic approach with or without robotic assistance offers at least equivalent results in term of oncological results (recurrence rate). Secondary objectives are to compare : Positive margins in organ-confined tumors (pT2) Functional results (continence and potency) and quality of life Peroperative and post operative morbidity Costs of the procedure Here we presented oncological results of PROPENLAP study : the primary objective was to demonstrate that laparoscopic (with or without robotic assistance) radical prostatectomy was non inferior to open retropubic radical prostatectomy in term of 3-year carcinological results as assessed by biochemical recurrence (BCR), without any adjuvant treatment, 3 years after surgery. The secondary objectives were to compare positive margins, peroperative and post operative morbidity. Patients and methods 2.1. Study design and data collection The PROstatectomy OPEN versus LAParoscopic (PROPENLAP) study is a multicenter prospective cohort study that recruited patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from January 2008 to May 2011 in 13 French expert centers performing radical retropubic prostatectomies (n = 6) and laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (n = 7) with or without robotic assistance.. The PROPENLAP protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Ile de France IX, France (CPP-IDF IX 07-021), in accordance with the ethical law L.1121-1 of “Code de Sante Publique” and was registred at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00502723. Participants provided written non-opposition consent We prospectively screened for men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and candidate for radical prostatectomy. Inclusion criteria were: age < 70 years, having a biopsy-proven prostate cancer, clinical stage T1c, PSA < 20 ng/ml, no signs of distant metastases on CT-scan and bone scintigraphy, and signed written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were previous prostatic surgery, hernia surgery, phlebitis or pulmonary embolism. Patients were followed-up for 3 years as follows: 1, 3, and 6 months, then every 6 months until the 24 th month, then at 36 months. Surgeons were assisted by clinical research assistants who prospectively collected baseline and follow-up data. Preoperative data included age at surgery, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, oncological data (number of biopsies and number of positive biopsy results, PSA, Gleason score of positive biopsies, and d’Amico risk classification): per operative data included operative time (defined from incision to closure), blood loss, and immediate medical and surgical complications according to the Clavien’s classification [37]. Length of hospitalisation (including pre and post-operative days), morbidity according to the Clavien’s classification during 3-months post operative followed-up, urethral stenosis and PSA level during 3-years follow-up were noticed. Specimen of radical prostatectomy were analysed according to the Stanford protocol; double centralized examination by anatomopatholigist experts in prostate cancer and blinded from type of surgery was performed to provide Gleason score, surgical margin status, presence of capsular crossing, number of lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes, and pTNM status. No adjuvant treatment was given without biological progression defined by PSA >0.2 ng/ml and increasing. 2.2. End-points The primary end-point was a 3-year BCR rate defined as postoperative PSA level > 0.2 ng/ml, without any adjuvant treatment. The secondary end-points were positive surgical margins, operative time, blood transfusion, lymnphadenectomy results, peri and post operative morbidity. 2.3 Statistical analysis This prospective, multicentric study of non inferiority will compare an « exposed » population (treated by laparoscopic approach) with an « non exposed » population (treated by retropubic approach »). The patients (with a non palpable tumor (T1c stage) and preoperative PSA under 20 ng/ml) of these two populations will be matched in terms of age, pre operative PSA level and Gleason score of positive biopsies. With these criteria of inclusion and this matching, these two populations should be quite homogenous between the different centers. Qualitative and quantitative variables were described as the number (percentage) and the median [interquartile range (IQR)]. First, we compared baseline characteristics, as well as pathological results, of patients with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (including those with and without robotic assistance) to those of the open retropubic group using the Chi-squared, the Fisher’s or the Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate. To establish non-inferiority, the one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between the BCR rates observed in the two groups was calculated with the R software, using an exact interval (exactCIdiff package) [38], rather than an approximation by the normal distribution, which is less appropriate in a situation of small numbers as was the case in this study. Non-inferiority will be declared if the lower limit of the one-sided 95% CI for the difference in 3-year BCR rate will not exceed the pre specified non-inferiority margin of 3%. However, because of differences in the distribution of measured covariates across the surgery groups, we also carried-out superiority analyses in order to perform multivariate analyses. For comparison of the BCR-free survival rates and secondary endpoints, we used stabilized inverse propensity score as weights (IPTW) to directly estimate hazard ratios (HRs) (and relative risks, RR for secondary endpoints) and their 95% CI to reduce confounding or selection bias because of differences in the distribution of measured covariates across the surgery groups. We computed the ITPW, defined as the reciprocal of the probability of having the surgery that was actually received, using the derived propensity score for all patients. To improve the precision of estimated effects from the IPTW analyses, we stabilized weights by multiplying them by the marginal probability of having the surgery that was actually carried out. Covariates for inclusion in the IPTW model were chosen based on their potential to be associated with the outcome and included year of inclusion, patient characteristics (age, obesity and comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities and diabetes), and preoperative pathological characteristics (number of positive biopsy results divided by the number of biopsies and d’Amico risk group). For comparisons of the BCR-free survival rates, we used the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test. Then univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models using stabilized IPTW were carried out, and HR and their 95% CI were estimated. The multivariate model was systematically adjusted for the prostatectomy Gleason score (<=6, 3+4, 4+3, and ≥8), staging (pT2 or pT3, and pN0/pNx or pN1) and surgical margin status (R0, R1/ Rx). Similar analyses were carried out to compare the robot-assisted to the non-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. All of the other analyses were performed using STATA software (version 15.0, StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). P values of two-sided test ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results From December 2008 to April 2011, 586 of 612 eligible patients, were included in the study, 240 for open retropubic approach (OR), 346 for laparoscopic approach (LP), 246 without robotic assistance (PLR) and 110 with robotic assistance (RLP) (Figure 1). The distribution of patient baseline and preoperative pathological characteristics significantly differed between the open retropubic and laparoscopic procedures (Table 1), while no significant differences were observed between the two laparoscopic procedures. Indeed, patients from the open retropubic group were less likely to have comorbidities, had a higher percentage of positive biopsy results, were more likely to have a PSA level >10, and had more intermediate d’Amico risk relative to the laparoscopic group. According to pre and per operative data, there were more lymphadenectomy with retropubic approach (Table 2). Operating time was shorter with robot assisted laparoscopy prostatectomy, blood loss was less important with mini-invasive surgery, specifically with robot-assisted laparoscopy procedure. Regarding pathological results, there were no significant differences between the groups in term of prostatectomy Gleason score or pathological stage (Table 3). Outcomes Regarding the primary outcome, there were 78 (13.3%) biochemical progression. The difference in 3-year BCR rate with a one-sided 95% exact CI between the open retropubic group (n=33, 13.8%) and the laparoscopy group overall (n=45, 13.1%) was -0.7% with a lower bound of CI – xx% below the non-inferiority limit of +3% (Table 4). Figure 2 and 3 report the 36 months biological free survival between the three approaches and between open retropubic group and the laparoscopy group (Figure 2) and between the open retropubic group and the laparoscopy group according to pathogical staging (Figure 3): in any case, there were no statistically significative difference. In a multivariate Cox model using stabilized inverse propensity score as weigh and adjusted for the prostatectomy Gleason score, staging and surgical margins, no significant difference in BCR rate was observed (laparoscopy HR, 1.15, 95% CI [0.71-1.87], P= 0.57) (Table 6). As regard to secondary outcomes, no significant differences were observed in terms of positive surgical margins, operative time, blood transfusion, post operative complications according to Clavien’s classification, or hospital stay (Table 2). However, patients from the retropubic group were more likely to have lymphadenectomy relative to those of the laparoscopic group. No rectal injury, vascular injury or death were reported. No conversion to open approach was reported in the laparoscopic group. During follow-up, 6 deaths after the 12 th month were reported (1 suicide, 1 myocardial infarction, 1 cerebral tumor and 3 from unknown cause (4 in the open retropubic group, 1 in the non-assisted laparoscopy group and 1 in the robot-assisted laparoscopy group). Regarding the laparoscopic groups, the difference in 3-year BCR rate between the non-assisted (n=32, 13.6%) and the assisted (n=13, 11.8%) groups was – 1.8% with a lower band of the exact CI between non assisted laparoscopy group (n=32, 13.6%) and the robot assisted laparoscopy group overall (n=13.6, 11.8%) (Table 5). In a multivariate Cox model using stabilized inverse propensity score as weigh and adjusted for the prostatectomy Gleason score, staging and surgical margins, a trend towards a lower BCR rate was observed in the robot-assisted group (HR, 0.38, 95% CI [0.13-1.08], P = 0.07) (Table 7). Patients from the non-assisted laparoscopy group with a pT2 stage were more likely to have positive surgical margins, while no difference was observed for pT3. Non-assisted laparoscopic procedure was longer relative to the robot-assisted laparoscopic procedure with more important blood loss and blood transfusions. Patients from the non-assisted laparoscopy group were also more likely to have lymphadenectomy. Discussion Radical prostatectomy is a complex procedure with first objectif of cancer control, second continence and third, eventually preservation of potency [1]. With development of mini-invasive surgery, it can be performed by open and laparoscopic with or without robotic assistance approaches. Comparaison of these technics was performed with meta-analysis until prospective studies were developped [15-21]. Today, there is 5 prospectives studies , 4 randomized and 1 non randomized studies comparing open with robotic approach (2 studies) or laparoscopic approach with and without robotic assistance (3 studies) [22-36]. All these studies were build in term of statistically analysis for functional results (continence or erectile function) as primary objective. Oncological results were considered as secondary objectif : however, in these studies, there were no differences between open and robotic approaches, or laparoscopic approach with or without robotic in term of positive surgical margins or in term of biological recurrence after sugery. All theses studies have different methodology One surgeon performed laparoscopic with robotic assistance or open approach in two studies [24, 31], 2 expert surgeons performed open or laparoscopic with robotic asistance approach in one study [22], and 2 studies were multicentric comparing laparoscopic with or without robotic asistance or open with laparoscopic approach [27, 32]. Also, pre operative criterias were not accurate, pathological examination of the specimen differs specifically in multicentric studies. Definition of biochemical recurrence is also diffferent between studies : some patients receive adjuvant treatment without biochemical recurrence and in the opposite, some patients have biochemical recurrence without salvage treatlent [23, 25, 29, 33]. Some patients were lost in the follow-up for oncological results because this criteria was not the primary end-point of theses studies. By example, in the prospective randomized study comparing open with laparoscopic approach performed each of them by one expert surgeon, only 83% of patients completed the 24-month assesment [22, 23]. As the authors said, « a multicentre randomised trial with multiple surgeons should be preferable even if it should be difficult to build because of financial and marketing pressures » and « interpretation of oncological outcomes is difficult. A preferable design would have withheld further therapy in all patients until biochemical reccurence occured ». Our study was build in this spirit with some precise criterias . First, a multicentric prospective study between a low number of expert centers in open, laparoscopic with or without robotic assistance. Second, all patients have identical pre operative criterias: clinical stage T1c and pre operative PSA < 20 ng/ml. Third, a very strict follow-up for 3 years performed by clinical research assistants. Fourth, double centralized and blinded from type of surgery examination was performed by anatomopathologist experts in prostate cancer to provide Gleason score, surgical margin status, presence of capsular crossing, number of lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes, and pTNM status. Fifth, no adjuvant treatment was given until biological progression defined by PSA >0.2 ng/ml and increasing. Oncological outcomes are considered the first outcome after radical prostatectomy and this was the primary end-point of our study, comparing open, laparoscopic with and without robotic assistance. With 3 years follow-up, there were no differences between the different approaches in term of biological progression rates, three-years biological free progression for the global population and despite pathological stage. Surgical approach was not statistically significant in univariate or multivariate analysis, to predict biological recurence (respectively p=0.76 and p=0.47). According to pathological results, there were no differences in term of positive margins rate (25% for open retropubic approach, 27,5% for non-assisted laparoscopy and 24,5% for robot-assisted laparoscopy) for the global population and for the differences pathological stage (pT2, pT3a, pT3b). However, patients from the non-assisted laparoscopy group with a pT2 stage were more likely to have positive surgical margins, while no difference was observed for pT3. These results are similar with the different prospective studies (Table 8): however, our results were obtained with a double centralized and blinded examination of the specimen of radical prostatectomy and no adjuvant treatment was given until biological progression defined by PSA >0.2 ng/ml and increasing: so, results of surgical positive margins and biochemical recurrence rate are based upon very strict definition and there was no biaises which could influence these results. These oncological results occured with no differences in term of operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion, post operative complications according to Clavien classification, hospital stay. Non assisted laparoscopic procedure was longer than robot assisted laparoscopic procedure (195 vs 110 mn, p>0.001) with more important blood loss (450 vs 300 ml, p=0.002) whereas operative time was 165 mn for open retropubic surgery. These results are consistent with those published in the litterature : whatever surgical approach, radical prostatectomy is a safe procedure when performed by expert surgeon with low complications rates [38]. Robot-assisted laparoscopy seems to offer the best compromise in term of operative time, blood loss, complication rate and oncological results, especially in case of laparoscopic procedure [23, 25, 30, 31, 32,34 ,36]. Our study have some limitations. This study was design as a non inferiority study, which require to include less patients.This is not a randomised study and with the development of mini-invasive surgery, it is today difficult to build this kind of study with surgeons having the expertise of the three approaches. Patients also prefered today to have mini-invasive surgery. Initially the study was design for open and laparoscopic without robotic assistance radical prostatectomy.In a second time, the sudy was expanded to laparoscopic with robotic assistance radical prostatectomy which explain the small proportion of cases treated robotically. This study was developped between expert centers and not between expert surgeons. However, this reflect real life. Our 3- years follow-up is short : positive surgical margins is a weak surrogate for subsequent oncologic outcomes ; biochemical recurrence, cancer progression and survival end points require longer follow-up which needs more financial tools We did not present the secondary objectives which compare functional results (continence and potency), quality of life and costs of the procedure. We prefered to distinguish primary and secondary objectives. Also, there is a lot of datas and results to present secondary objectives and it will be a weighty article. Conclusion Laparoscopic (with or without robotic assistance) radical prostatectomy is non inferior to open retropubic radical prostatectomy in term of 3-year carcinological results. Laparoscopic with robotic assistance seems to offer oncological advantages in comparaison with laparoscopic without robotic assistance radical prostatectomy. Declarations ETHICAL STATEMENTS The PROPENLAP protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Ile de France IX, France (CPP-IDF IX 07-021,), in accordance with the ethical law L.1121-1 of “Code de Sante Publique” and was registred at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00502723 and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standarts as laid down in the1964 Decalar&tion of Helsinski and its later amendments or comparable ethical standarts. CPP: Comité Consultatif de Protection des Personnes dans la Recherche (Consultative Committee of Protection of Person in Research) HUMAN ETHICS AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE DECLARATIONS Written informent consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study (document 1) References Walsh PC, Donker PJ (1982) Impotence following radical prostatectomy: insight into etiology and prevention. J Urol 128:492–497 Mouret P (1996) How I developed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 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Eur Urol 65:521–531 Thompson JE, Egger S, Böhm M et al (2018) Superior biochemical recurrence and long-term quality-of-life outcomes are achievable with robotic radical prostatectomy after a long learning curve-updated analysis of a prospective single-surgeon cohort of 2206 consecutive cases. Eur Urol 73:664–671 Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240:205–213 Shan G, Wang W (2013) ExactCIdiff: An R Package for Computing Exact Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Two Proportions. R J 5:62–70 Costa Moretti TB, Magna LA, Reis LO (2022) Surgical results and complications for open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a reverse systematic review. Eur Urol 44:150–161 Tables Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population (N=586) according to the radical prostatectomy procedure (open retropubic, N=240; laparoscopic, N=346 including non-assisted, N=236 and robot-assisted laparoscopy, N=110) Total N=586 Laparoscopy (assisted or not) N=346 Open retropubic N=240 P a Non-assisted laparoscopy N=236 Robot-assisted laparoscopy N=110 P b Year of the surgery c 0.002 <0.001 2008 212 (36.2) 129 (37.3) 83 (34.6) 127 (53.8) 4 (3.6) 2009 139 (23.7) 66 (19.1) 73 (30.4) 64 (27.1) 2010 135 (23.0) 79 (22.8) 56 (23.3) 26 (11.0) 53 (48.2) 2011 100 (17.1) 72 (20.8) 28 (11.7) 19 (8.1) 53 (48.2) General characteristics Age at surgery , years c 62 [58-65] 61 [58-64] 62 [58-66] 0.08 61 [58-64] 61 [57-64] 0.54 Obesity ( BMI > 30) (n=583; 343/240) c 68 (11.7) 49 (14.3) 19 (7.9) 0.018 33 (14.1) 16 (14.7) 0.89 Comorbidities c Hypertension 216 (36.9) 145 (41.9) 71 (29.6) 0.002 100 (42.4) 45 (40.9) 0.80 Cardiorespiratory 79 (13.5) 58 (16.8) 21 (8.8) 0.005 35 (14.8) 23 (20.9) 0.16 Diabetes 40 (6.8) 31 (9.0) 9 (3.8) 0.01 23 (9.8) 8 (7.3) 0.45 Preoperative pathological characteristics N positive biopsy results / N biopsies, % median [IQR] c (n=577; 342/235) 18.8 [9.5-33.3] 16.7 [8.3-33.3] 25 [15.4-41.7] 0.0001 16.7 [8.3-33.3] 15 [9.5-33.3] 0.19 PSA level, ng/ml Median [IQR] 6.3 [5-8.9] 6.2 [5-8.1] 6.8 [4.9-10] 0.08 6.25 [5-8.2] 5.9 [5-8] 0.67 PSA > 10 102 (17.4) 43 (12.4) 59 (24.6) 0.0001 28 (11.9) 15 (13.6) 0.64 ISUP grade (Gleason score) 6 [6-7] 6 [6-7] 6 [6-7] 0.25 6 [6-7] 6 [6-7] 0.92 1 (Gleason ≤ 6) 370 (63.1) 226 (65.3) 144 (60.0) 0.41 153 (64.8) 73 (66.4) 0.50 2/3 (Gleason 7) 197 (33.6) 109 (31.5) 88 (36.7) 77 (32.6) 32 (29.1) 4/5 (Gleason ≥ 8) 19 (3.2) 11 (3.2) 8 (3.3) 6 (2.6) 5 (4.5) D’Amico risk c (n=575; 341/234) 0.021 0.54 Low 310 (53.9) 200 (58.7) 110 (47.0) 137 (58.6) 63 (58.9) Intermediate 246 (42.8) 130 (38.1) 116 (49.6) 91 (38.9) 39 (36.4) High 19 (3.3) 11 (3.2) 8 (3.4) 6 (2.5) 5 (4.7) EAU risk group 0.01 0.61 Low 308 (52.6) 199 (57.5) 109 (45.4) 137 (58.1) 62 (56.4) Intermediate 259 (44.2) 136 (39.3) 123 (51.3) 93 (39.4) 43 (39.1) High 19 (3.2) 11 (3.2) 8 (3.3) 6 (2.5) 5 (4.5) Note. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25 th -75 th percentiles] as appropriate Abbreviations: a P values of the Chi2, Fisher exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate, comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or b comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures. c Variables used in the propensity scores to adjust comparisons of the two groups (laparoscopic versus open procedures, and robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures). Table 2. Peri operative and post operative datas Total N=586 Laparoscopy (assisted or not) N=346 Open retropubic N=240 P a Non-assisted laparoscopy N=236 Robot-assisted laparoscopy N=110 P b Operative time, min 165 [115-225] 160 [108-230] 165[125-211] 0.34 195 [132-240] 110 [85-150 <0.001 Estimated total blood loss (ml) range 400 [250-600] [0-2700] 400 [200-700] [0-2700] 400 [250-600] [0-2700] 0.05 450 [250-800] [0-2700] 300 [200-500] [0-1900] 0.005 Blood transfusions 19 (3.3) 12 (3.5) 7 (2.9) 0.31 11 (4.7) 1 (0.91) 0.007 Lymphadenectomy 279 (47.7) 118 (34.2) 161 (67.1) <0.001 71 (30.2) 47 (42.7) <0.001 Postoperative complications Postoperative care, Clavien 0.36 0.84 None 545 (93.0) 323 (93.3) 222 (92.5) 224 (94.9) 98 (89.9) Grade II 28 (4.8) 17 (4.9) 11 (4.6) 7 (3.0) 10 (9.2) Grade IIIb 13 (2.2) 6 (1.7) 7 (2.9) 5 (2.1) 1 (0.9) At 3 months, Clavien 0.71 0.10 None 536 (91.4) 317 (91.6) 219 (91.2) 219 (92.7) 98 (89.0) Grade II 30 (5.1) 19 (5.5) 11 (4.6) 8 (3.4) 11 (10.1) Grade IIIb 19 (3.3) 9 (2.6) 10 (4.2) 8 (3.4) 1 (0.9) Grade IVa 1 (0.2) 1 (0.3) 0 (0) 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) Within 3 years Uretral stenosis 3 (0.5) 2 (0.6) 1 (0.4) 0.33 2 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 0.8 Hospitalisation stays (days) 7 [5-8] 7 [5-4] 7.5 [6-8] 0.38 7 [5-8] 6 [5-8] 0.7 Note. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25 th -75 th percentiles] as appropriate Abbreviations: a P values of the Chi2, Fisher exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate, comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or b comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures. c Variables used in the propensity scores to adjust comparisons of the two groups (laparoscopic versus open procedures, and robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures). Table 3. Pathological results Total N=586 Laparoscopy (assisted or not) N=346 Open retropubic N=240 P a Non-assisted laparoscopy N=236 Robot-assisted laparoscopy N=110 P b Prostate weight (n=546; 325/221) 45 [34-60] 46 [35-60] 43 [32-55] 0.007 48 [36-60] 46 [34-62] 0.52 Prostatectomy Gleason score (n=585; 346/239) 0.44 ≤ 6 104 (17.8) 65 (18.8) 39 (16.3) 0.58 39 (16.5) 26 (23.6) 7 (3 + 4) 313 (53.5) 177 (51.2) 136 (56.9) 125 (53.0) 52 (47.3) 7 (4 + 3) 131 (22.4) 82 (23.7) 49 (20.5) 56 (23.7) 26 (23.6) ≥ 8 37 (6.3) 22 (6.4) 15 (6.3) 16 (6.8) 6 (5.5) Capsular crossing (n=514 ; 297/217) 158 (30.7) 95 (32.0) 63 (29.0) 0.47 60 (28.6) 35 (40.2) 0.050 Pathological staging (n=585; 346/239) 0.81 0.28 pT-stage pT2 403 (68.9) 235 (67.9) 168 (70.3) 166 (70.3) 69 (62.7) pT3a 155 (26.5) 94 (27.2) 61 (25.5) 58 (24.6) 36 (32.7) pT3b 27 (4.6) 17 (4.9) 10 (4.2) 12 (5.1) 5 (4.6) pN-stage (n=551; 320/231) < 0.0001 0.33 pN0 243 (44.1) 95 (29.7) 148 (64.1) 61 (27.7) 34 (34.0) pN1 9 (1.6) 3 (0.9) 6 (2.6) 3 (1.4) 0 (0.0) pNx 299 (54.3) 222 (69.4) 77 (33.3) 156 (70.9) 66 (66.0) Note. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25 th -75 th percentiles] as appropriate Abbreviations: a P values of the Chi2, Fisher exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate, comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or b comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures. c Variables used in the propensity scores to adjust comparisons of the two groups (laparoscopic versus open procedures, and robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures). Table 4. Comparisons of primary and secondary outcomes according to the radical prostatectomy procedures (open retropubic versus laparoscopic procedures overall) using stabilized inverse propensity score as weigh. Type of radical prostatectomy Univariate analysis Total N=586 Laparoscopy (assisted or not) N=346 Open retropubic N=240 P a Difference b 95% CI Primary outcome 36-month BCR rate 78 (13.3) 45 (13.1) 33 (13.8) 0.57 Secondary outcomes Surgical margin status Overall (n= 586;346/240) 0.45 Negative (R0) 429 (73.2) 251 (72.5) 178 (74.2) Positive (R1) 152 (25.9) 92 (26.6) 60 (25.0) Rx 5 (0.9) 3 (0.9) 2 (0.8) Among pT2 (n= 403;346/240) d 0.14 Negative (R0) 330 (81.9) 189 (80.4) 141 (83.9) Positive (R1) 71 (17.6) 44 (18.7) 27 (16.1) Rx 2 (0.5) 2 (0.9) 0 (0) Among pT3 (n= 182;111/71) d 0.68 Negative (R0) 98 (53.8) 62 (55.9) 36 (50.7) Positive (R1) 81 (44.5) 48 (43.2) 33 (46.5) Rx 3 (1.7) 1 (0.9) 2 (2.8) Perioperative characteristics and morbidity Operative time, min (n=549; 317/232) 165 [115-225] 160[108-230] 165[125-213] 0.34 Total blood loss (ml) (n=571 ; 333/238) Median [IQR] 400 [250-600] 400 [200-700] 400 [250-600] 0.05 Range [0-2700] [0-2700] [0-2700] Blood transfusions (n=583; 344/239) 19 (3.3) 12 (3.5) 7 (2.9) 0.31 Lymphadenectomy 279 (47.7) 118 (34.2) 161 (67.1) <0.001 Clavien’s classification of immediate surgical complications (n=580; 344/236) e 0.36 None 545 (93.0) 323 (93.3) 222 (92.5) Grade II 28 (4.8) 17 (4.9) 11 (4.6) Grade IIIb 13 (2.2) 6 (1.7) 7 (2.9) 3-months adverse postoperative events (Clavien) f (n=580; 344/236) 0.71 None 536 (91.4) 317 (91.6) 219 (91.2) Grade II 30 (5.1) 19 (5.5) 11 (4.6) Grade IIIb 19 (3.3) 9 (2.6) 10 (4.2) Grade IVa 1 (0.1) 1 (0.3) 0 (0) 3-year uretral stenosis (n=585 ; 346/239) 3 (0.5) 2 (0.6) 1 (0.4) 0.33 3-years mortality delay median [2.7-3.0] 6 (1.0) 2 (0.6) 4 (1.6) Note. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25 th -75 th percentiles] as appropriate Abbreviations: a P values of univariate Cox model, logistic regression or linear regression, as appropriate, adjusted for the propensity score weighting with stabilized weights comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or c comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures. The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d’Amico risk). d Due to the small numbers in the Rx category (2 and 3 among the pT2 and pT3 classes, respectively), this category was not considered in the analysis e No events from grade I, IV or IV were observed f no events from grade I or V were observed Table 5. Comparisons of primary and secondary outcomes according to the radical prostatectomy laparoscopic procedures (non-assisted versus robot-assisted) using stabilized inverse propensity score as weigths. Non-assisted laparoscopy N=236 Robot-assisted laparos copy N=110 P a Difference 95% CI b Primary outcome 36-month BCR rate 32 (13.6) 13 (11.8) 0.005 Secondary outcomes Surgical margin status Overall (n= 586;346/240) 0.004 Negative (R0) 169 (71.6) 82 (74.6) Positive (R1) 65 (27.5) 27 (24.5) Rx 2 (0.9) 1 (0.9) Among pT2 (n= 403;346/240) d 0.001 Negative (R0) 128 (77.1) 61 (88.4) Positive (R1) 36 (21.7) 8 (11.6) Rx 2 (1.2) 0 (0) Among pT3 (n= 182;111/71) d 0.76 Negative (R0) 41 (58.6) 21 (51.2) Positive (R1) 29 (41.4) 19 (46.3) Rx 0 (0) 1 (2.5) Perioperative characteristics and morbidity Operative time, min (n=549; 317/232) 195 [130-240] 110 [85-150] <0.001 Total blood loss (ml) (n=571 ; 333/238) Median [IQR] 450 [250-800] 300 [200-500] <0.005 Range [0-2700] [0-1900] Blood transfusions (n=583; 344/239) 11 (4.7) 1 (0.91) 0.007 Lymphadenectomy 71 (30.2) 47 (42.7) <0.001 Clavien’s- classification of immediate surgical complications (n=580; 344/236) e 0.84 None 224 (94.9) 98 (89.9) Grade II 7 (3.0) 10 (9.2) Grade IIIb 5 (2.1) 1 (0.9) 3-months adverse postoperative events (Clavien) f (n=580; 344/236) 0.10 None 219 (92.7) 98 (89.0) Grade II 8 (3.4) 11 (10.1) Grade IIIb 8 (3.4) 1 (0.9) Grade IVa 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 3-year uretral stenosis (n=585 ; 346/239) 2 (0.9) 0 (0.0) 1 3-years mortality (delay median 3 [2.7-3.0]) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.9) Note. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25 th -75 th percentiles] as appropriate Abbreviations: a P values of univariate Cox model, logistic regression or linear regression, as appropriate, adjusted for the propensity score weighting with stabilized weights comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or c comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures. The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d’Amico risk). d Due to the small numbers in the Rx category, this category was not considered in the analysis e No events from grade I, IV or IV were observed f no events from grade I or V were observed Table 6. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 36-month biochemical recurrence after open retropubic and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (non-assisted and robot-assisted) using Cox models with stabilized inverse propensity score as weights. Total 36-month BCR Univariate analysis a Multivariate analysis b N (%) HR [95%CI] P value HR [95%CI] P value Radical prostatectomy 0.57 0.61 Open retropubic 240 33 (13.8) 1 1 Laparoscopy 346 45 (13.0) 1.15 [0.71-1.87] 1.14 [0.68-1.91] Prostatectomy Gleason score <0.001 <0.001 £ 6 104 6 (5.8) 1 1 3 + 4 313 23 (7.4) 1.40 [0.50-3.88] 1.01 [0.35-2.90] 4 + 3 131 31 (23.7) 6.01 [2.25-16.10] 3.65 [1.28-10.43] ≥ 8 37 18 (48.7) 14.09 [5.07-39.17] pT-stage <0.001 0.346 pT2 403 35 (8.7) 1 1 pT3 182 43 (23.6) 3.53 [2.18-5.72] 1.32 [0.74-2.34] pN-stage <0.001 0.026 pN0/ pNx 542 67 (12.4) 1 1 pN1 9 6 (66.7) 11.74 [5.38-25.62] 2.77 [1.13-6.80] Surgical margin status <0.001 0.006 Negative (R0) 429 36 (8.4) 1 1 Positive (R1)/Rx 157 42 (26.8) 3.83 [2.38-6.15] 2.11 [1.24-3.60] a Univariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting. The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d’Amico risk). b Multivariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting and the prostatectomy Gleason score (<=6, 3+4, 4+3, and ≥8), staging (pT2 or pT3, pN0/pNx or pN1) and surgical margins (R0, R1/ Rx). Table 7. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 36-month biochemical recurrence after non-assisted or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using Cox models with stabilized inverse propensity score as weights. Total 36-month BCR Univariate analysis a Multivariate analysis b N (%) HR [95%CI] P value HR [95%CI] P value Radical prostatectomy 0.005 0.069 Non-assisted laparoscopy 236 32 (13.6) 1 1 Robot-assisted 110 13 (11.8) 0.26 [0.10-0.67] 0.38 [0.13-1.08] Prostatectomy Gleason score <0.001 <0.001 £ 6 104 6 (5.8) 1 1 3 + 4 313 23 (7.4) 3.06 [0.21-44.79] 1.61 [0.10-25.70] 4 + 3 131 31 (23.7) 27.43 [1.98-380.9] 14.34 [0.97-212.87] ≥ 8 37 18 (48.7) 44.68 [3.04-655.6] 21.22 [1.34-335.53] pT-stage <0.001 0.124 pT2 403 35 (8.7) 1 1 pT3 182 43 (23.6) 5.79 [2.84-11.79] 1.92 [0.84-4.41] pN-stage 0.017 0.081 pN0/ pNx 542 67 (12.4) 1 1 pN1 9 6 (66.7) 7.32 [1.43-37.54] 5.26 [0.81-34.02] Surgical margin status <0.001 0.192 Negative (R0) 429 36 (8.4) 1 1 Positive (R1)/ Rx 157 42 (26.8) 4.24 [2.14-8.40] 1.69 [0.77-3.74] a Univariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting. The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d’Amico risk). b Multivariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting and the prostatectomy Gleason score (<=6, 3+4, 4+3, and ≥8), staging (pT2 or pT3) and surgical margins (R0, R1/ Rx). a Univariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting b Multivariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting and the prostatectomy Gleason score (<=6, 3+4, 4+3, and ≥8), staging (pT2 or pT3, pN0/pNx or pN1) and surgical margins (R0, R1/ Rx). The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d’Amico risk). Table 8 : Prospective studies Years of inclusion Surgical approaches Participants Primary objective Years of follow-up : BCR Surgical margin rate Yaxley (22,23) 2010-2014 OR vs RLP 151 vs 157 2 surgeons Urinary function Sexual function Positive surgical margins 2 years biochemical recurrence 2 years: 9% vs 3% 10% vs 15% pT2 : 2% vs 3% pT3 : 8% vs 11% Porpiglia (24, 25) 2010-2012 LP vs RLP 60 vs 60 1 surgeon 3 months continence 5 years : 19.6% vs 19.6% 20% vs 26.6% pT2 : 16.2% vs 13.5% pT3 : 27.3% vs 50% Asimakopoulos (31) 2007-2008 LP vs RLP 64 vs 64 1 surgeon 12 months erectile function 1 year : 3% vs 8% 10% vs 15.4% pT2 : 7.7% vs7% pT3 : 25% vs 55% Haglind LAPPRO (26-30) 2008-2011 OR vs RLP 778 vs 1847 14 centers 70 surgeons 12 months continence 2 years: 8% vs 6.4% 8 years: 30% vs 27% 20 vs 22% Stolzenburgh LAP-01 (32, 33) 2014-2018 LP vs RLP 188 vs 530 4 centers 15 surgeons 3 months continence 1 year: 21.6% vs 23.6% 14% vs 19% PROPENLAP 2008-2011 OR vs LP and RLP 240 vs 246 and 110 6 vs 7 centers 3 years biochemical recurrence 3 years: 13.8% vs 13.6% vs 11.8% 25% vs 27.5% vs 24.5% pT2: 16.1% vs 21.7% vs 11.6% pT3: 50.7% vs 41.4% vs 46.3% OR open retropubic prostatectomy LP laparoscopic prostatectomy RLP robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy BCR Biochemical reccurence rate Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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14:23:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6915322/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6915322/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87731976,"identity":"976fad23-1df4-447b-b978-a6f31430d7ea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-28 11:47:22","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":56497,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlow Chart\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6915322/v1/22d9c6830a00e359d0893a94.png"},{"id":87733457,"identity":"da4a9d47-3845-4cd3-bfbe-36e384a23f19","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-28 12:03:22","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":134048,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e36-months biochemical recurrence free survival according to the radical prostatectomy procedure (open retropubic, N=240; laparoscopic, N=346 including non-assisted, N=236 and robot-assisted laparoscopy, N=110)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6915322/v1/ae128963a4359d0e7778ed80.png"},{"id":87733156,"identity":"15f912f5-1a30-4555-bf68-cc2fe708ed71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-28 11:55:22","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":92080,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e36-months biochemical recurrence free survival according to the radical prostatectomy procedure (open retropubic, N=240; laparoscopic, N=346 including non-assisted, N=236 and robot-assisted laparoscopy, N=110) and to pathological staging.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6915322/v1/b1f4fa82c47ea7b4b6339273.png"},{"id":106614875,"identity":"06ed244d-af82-46eb-90c3-a7651823ec5a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-10 12:57:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2420727,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6915322/v1/c61dd0a6-2c79-4c0b-8a5b-4fabe83c64e8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Oncological results of PROPENLAP, prospective multicentric trial comparing open to mini-invasive radical prostatectomy (with and without robotic assistance)","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eRadical prostatectomy is the surgical treatment of localized prostate cancer. With the anatomic description by Walsh in 1982 \u0026nbsp;to decrease blood loss and to improve recovery of continence and potency after surgery, radical prostatectomy by open retropubic approach become the gold surgical standart treatment \u0026nbsp;[1]. In 1987, Mouret performed the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy , begining of mini-invasive surgery \u0026nbsp;[2]. In 1997, first results of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy are published by Schuessler for transperitoneal approach and by Raboy for extraperitoneal approach\u0026nbsp;[3,4]. \u0026nbsp;From 1998, Gaston, Vallancien, Guillonneau and Abbou, developped laparoscopic approach in France, then Bollens, Rassweiler and Stolzenburg in Europe\u0026nbsp;[5-9]. In United States, this approach remained limited because the learning curve was considered as long and difficult\u0026nbsp;[10]. In 2000, first robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy was performed \u0026nbsp;in Europe by Abbou\u0026nbsp;[11]\u0026nbsp;and the technics was developed by Menon and Patel in United States\u0026nbsp;[12, 13]\u0026nbsp;where it became the main approach: In 2009, 62% of radical prostatectomies were performed in USA with robotic assistance\u0026nbsp;[10]. In France, mini-invasive surgery anddevelopment of robotic approach became the majority in 2011\u0026nbsp;[14].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst goal of radical prostatectomy is cancer control, second is continence and third, if possible, sexual function preservation with low complication rate\u0026nbsp;[1]. Comparaison between surgical approach was analysed first by meta analysis and review\u0026nbsp;[15-21]\u0026nbsp;then by prospective randomized studies \u0026nbsp;[22-36]. Theses studies compared open to robotic, laparoscopic to robotic approach, from unicentric or multicentric centers and performed by one or multiple surgeons, with different patient inclusion criteria. Also, because of the need to have quick results, the main objectives is functional results and specially continence results, carcinological results are presented as secondary objectives.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst analysis of results showed that\u0026nbsp;:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- Oncological results represented by positive surgical margins should be equivalent with retropubic and laparoscopic approach\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- Quality of life and functional results (i.e continence and potency) should be better with laparoscopic approach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, results of published series are conflicting and today, no prospective, multicentric and randomized study comparing laparoscopic with or without robotic assistance to retropubic radical prostatectomy has been published.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe main objective of PROPENLAP study is to demonstrated that laparoscopic approach with or without robotic assistance offers at least equivalent results in term of oncological results (recurrence rate).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecondary objectives are to compare\u0026nbsp;:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePositive margins in organ-confined tumors (pT2)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFunctional results (continence and potency) and quality of life\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePeroperative and post operative morbidity\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCosts of the procedure\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHere we presented oncological results of PROPENLAP study : the primary objective was to demonstrate that laparoscopic (with or without robotic assistance) radical prostatectomy \u0026nbsp;was non inferior to open retropubic radical prostatectomy in term of 3-year carcinological results as assessed by biochemical recurrence (BCR), without any adjuvant treatment, 3 years after surgery. The secondary objectives were to compare positive margins, peroperative and post operative morbidity.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Patients and methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e2.1. Study design and data collection\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PROstatectomy OPEN versus LAParoscopic (PROPENLAP) study is a multicenter prospective cohort study that recruited patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from January 2008 to May 2011 in 13 French expert centers performing radical retropubic prostatectomies (n = 6) and laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (n = 7) with or without robotic assistance..\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PROPENLAP protocol was approved by the\u0026nbsp;ethical committee of Ile de France IX, France (CPP-IDF IX 07-021), in accordance with the ethical law L.1121-1 of \u0026ldquo;Code de Sante Publique\u0026rdquo; and\u0026nbsp;was registred at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00502723. \u0026nbsp;Participants provided written non-opposition consent\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe prospectively screened for men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and candidate for radical prostatectomy. Inclusion criteria were: age \u0026lt; 70 years, having a biopsy-proven prostate cancer, clinical stage T1c, PSA \u0026lt; 20 ng/ml, no signs of distant metastases on CT-scan and bone scintigraphy, and signed written informed consent. Exclusion criteria were previous prostatic surgery, hernia surgery, phlebitis or pulmonary embolism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePatients were followed-up for 3 years as follows: 1, 3, and 6 months, then every 6 months until the 24\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e month, then at 36 months. Surgeons were assisted by clinical research assistants who prospectively collected baseline and follow-up data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePreoperative data included age at surgery, body mass index (BMI), comorbidities, oncological data (number of biopsies and number of positive biopsy results, PSA, Gleason score of positive biopsies, and d\u0026rsquo;Amico risk classification): per operative data included operative time (defined from incision to closure), blood loss, and immediate medical and surgical complications according to the Clavien\u0026rsquo;s classification\u0026nbsp;[37]. Length of hospitalisation (including pre and post-operative days), morbidity according to the Clavien\u0026rsquo;s classification during 3-months post operative followed-up, urethral stenosis and PSA level during 3-years follow-up were noticed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSpecimen of radical prostatectomy were analysed according to the Stanford protocol; double centralized examination by anatomopatholigist experts in prostate cancer and blinded from type of surgery was performed to provide Gleason score, surgical margin status, presence of capsular crossing, number of lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes, and pTNM status.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo adjuvant treatment was given without biological progression defined by PSA \u0026gt;0.2 ng/ml and increasing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e2.2. End-points\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary end-point was a 3-year BCR rate defined as postoperative PSA level \u0026gt; 0.2 ng/ml, without any adjuvant treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe secondary end-points were positive surgical margins, operative time, blood transfusion, lymnphadenectomy results, peri and post operative morbidity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e2.3 Statistical analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis prospective, multicentric study of non inferiority will compare an \u0026laquo; exposed \u0026raquo; population (treated by laparoscopic approach) with an \u0026laquo; non exposed \u0026raquo; population (treated by retropubic approach \u0026raquo;). The patients (with a non palpable tumor (T1c stage) and preoperative PSA under 20 ng/ml) of these two populations will be matched in terms of age, pre operative PSA level and Gleason score of positive biopsies. With these criteria of inclusion and this matching, these two populations should be quite homogenous between the different centers.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eQualitative and quantitative variables were described as the number (percentage) and the median [interquartile range (IQR)].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, we compared baseline characteristics, as well as pathological results, of patients with laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (including those with and without robotic assistance) to those of the open retropubic group using the Chi-squared, the Fisher\u0026rsquo;s or the Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo establish non-inferiority, the one-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between the BCR rates observed in the two groups was calculated with the R software, using an exact interval (exactCIdiff package)\u0026nbsp;[38], rather than an approximation by the normal distribution, which is less appropriate in a situation of small numbers as was the case in this study. Non-inferiority will be declared if the lower limit of the one-sided 95% CI for the difference in 3-year BCR rate will not exceed the pre specified non-inferiority margin of 3%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, because of differences in the distribution of measured covariates across the surgery groups, we also carried-out superiority analyses in order to perform multivariate analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor comparison of the BCR-free survival rates and secondary endpoints, we used stabilized inverse propensity score as weights (IPTW) to directly estimate hazard ratios (HRs) (and relative risks, RR for secondary endpoints) and their 95% CI to reduce confounding or selection bias because of differences in the distribution of measured covariates across the surgery groups. We computed the ITPW, defined as the reciprocal of the probability of having the surgery that was actually received, using the derived propensity score for all patients. To improve the precision of estimated effects from the IPTW analyses, we stabilized weights by multiplying them by the marginal probability of having the surgery that was actually carried out. Covariates for inclusion in the IPTW model were chosen based on their potential to be associated with the outcome and included year of inclusion, patient characteristics (age, obesity and comorbidities such as hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities and diabetes), and preoperative pathological characteristics (number of positive biopsy results divided by the number of biopsies and d\u0026rsquo;Amico risk group).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor comparisons of the BCR-free survival rates, we used the Kaplan-Meier method and the log rank test. Then univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models using stabilized IPTW were carried out, and HR and their 95% CI were estimated. The multivariate model was systematically adjusted for the prostatectomy Gleason score (\u0026lt;=6, 3+4, 4+3, and \u0026ge;8), staging (pT2 or pT3, and pN0/pNx or pN1) and surgical margin status (R0, R1/ Rx).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSimilar analyses were carried out to compare the robot-assisted to the non-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll of the other analyses were performed using STATA software (version 15.0, StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA). \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e values of two-sided test \u0026le;0.05 were considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eFrom December 2008 to April 2011, 586 of 612 eligible patients, were included in the study, 240 for open retropubic approach (OR), 346 for laparoscopic approach (LP), 246 without robotic assistance (PLR) and 110 with robotic assistance (RLP) (Figure 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe distribution of patient baseline and preoperative pathological characteristics significantly differed between the open retropubic and laparoscopic procedures (Table 1), while no significant differences were observed between the two laparoscopic procedures. Indeed, patients from the open retropubic group were less likely to have comorbidities, had a higher percentage of positive biopsy results, were more likely to have a PSA level \u0026gt;10, and had more intermediate d\u0026rsquo;Amico risk relative to the laparoscopic group. According to pre and per operative data, there were more lymphadenectomy with retropubic approach (Table 2). Operating time was shorter with robot assisted laparoscopy prostatectomy, blood loss was less important with mini-invasive surgery, specifically with robot-assisted laparoscopy procedure. Regarding pathological results, there were no significant differences between the groups in term of prostatectomy Gleason score or pathological stage (Table 3).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eOutcomes\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the primary outcome, there were 78 (13.3%) biochemical progression. The difference in 3-year BCR rate with a one-sided 95% exact CI between the open retropubic group (n=33, 13.8%) and the laparoscopy group overall (n=45, 13.1%) was -0.7% with a lower bound of CI \u0026ndash; xx% below the non-inferiority limit of +3% (Table 4). Figure 2 and 3 report the 36 months biological free survival between the three approaches and between open retropubic group and the laparoscopy group (Figure 2) and between the open retropubic group and the laparoscopy group according to pathogical staging (Figure 3): in any case, there were no statistically significative difference. In a multivariate Cox model using stabilized inverse propensity score as weigh and adjusted for the prostatectomy Gleason score, staging and surgical margins, no significant difference in BCR rate was observed (laparoscopy HR, 1.15, 95% CI [0.71-1.87], P= 0.57) (Table 6). As regard to secondary outcomes, no significant differences were observed in terms of positive surgical margins, operative time, blood transfusion, post operative complications according to Clavien\u0026rsquo;s classification, or hospital stay (Table 2). \u0026nbsp;However, patients from the retropubic group were more likely to have lymphadenectomy relative to those of the laparoscopic group. No rectal injury, vascular injury or death were reported. No conversion to open approach was reported in the laparoscopic group. During follow-up, 6 deaths after the 12\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e month were reported (1 suicide, 1 myocardial infarction, 1 cerebral tumor and 3 from unknown cause (4 in the open retropubic group, 1 in the non-assisted laparoscopy group and 1 in the robot-assisted laparoscopy group).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the laparoscopic groups, the difference in 3-year BCR rate between the non-assisted (n=32, 13.6%) and the assisted (n=13, 11.8%) groups was \u0026ndash; 1.8% with a lower band of the exact CI between non assisted laparoscopy group (n=32, 13.6%) and the robot assisted laparoscopy group overall (n=13.6, 11.8%) (Table 5). In a multivariate Cox model using stabilized inverse propensity score as weigh and adjusted for the prostatectomy Gleason score, staging and surgical margins, a trend towards a lower BCR rate was observed in the robot-assisted group (HR, 0.38, 95% CI [0.13-1.08], \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e= 0.07) (Table 7).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePatients from the non-assisted laparoscopy group with a pT2 stage were more likely to have positive surgical margins, while no difference was observed for pT3. Non-assisted laparoscopic procedure was longer relative to the robot-assisted laparoscopic procedure with more important blood loss and blood transfusions. Patients from the non-assisted laparoscopy group were also more likely to have lymphadenectomy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eRadical prostatectomy is a complex procedure with first objectif of cancer control, second continence and third, eventually preservation of potency\u0026nbsp;[1]. With development of mini-invasive surgery, it can be performed by open and laparoscopic with or without robotic assistance approaches. Comparaison of these technics was performed \u0026nbsp;with meta-analysis until prospective studies were developped\u0026nbsp;[15-21]. Today, there is 5 prospectives studies , 4 randomized and 1 non randomized studies comparing open with robotic approach \u0026nbsp;(2 studies) or laparoscopic approach with and without robotic assistance \u0026nbsp;(3 studies)\u0026nbsp;[22-36].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll these studies were build in term of statistically analysis for functional results (continence or erectile function) as primary objective. Oncological results were considered as secondary objectif : however, in these studies, there were no differences between open and robotic approaches, or laparoscopic approach with or without robotic in term of positive surgical margins or in term of biological recurrence after sugery.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll theses studies have different methodology \u0026nbsp; One surgeon performed laparoscopic with robotic assistance or open approach in two studies\u0026nbsp;[24, 31], 2 expert surgeons performed open or laparoscopic with robotic asistance approach \u0026nbsp;in one study\u0026nbsp;[22], and 2 studies were multicentric comparing laparoscopic with or without robotic asistance or open with laparoscopic approach\u0026nbsp;[27, 32].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlso, pre operative criterias were not accurate, pathological examination of the specimen differs specifically in multicentric studies. Definition of biochemical recurrence is also diffferent between studies : some patients receive adjuvant treatment without biochemical recurrence and in the opposite, some patients have biochemical recurrence without salvage treatlent\u0026nbsp;[23, 25, 29, 33]. Some patients were lost in the follow-up for oncological results because this criteria was not the primary end-point of theses studies. By example, in the prospective randomized study comparing open with laparoscopic approach performed each of them by one expert surgeon, only 83% of patients completed the 24-month assesment \u0026nbsp;[22, 23]. As the authors said, \u0026nbsp;\u0026laquo; \u0026nbsp;a multicentre randomised trial with multiple surgeons should be preferable even if it should be difficult to build because of financial and marketing pressures \u0026raquo; and \u0026laquo; interpretation of oncological outcomes is difficult. A preferable design would have withheld further therapy in all patients until biochemical reccurence occured \u0026raquo;.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur study was build in this spirit with some precise criterias\u0026nbsp;.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, a multicentric prospective study between a low number of expert centers in open, laparoscopic with or without robotic assistance.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSecond,\u0026nbsp;all patients have identical pre operative criterias: clinical stage T1c and pre operative PSA \u0026lt; 20 ng/ml.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThird, a very strict follow-up for 3 years performed by clinical research assistants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFourth,\u0026nbsp;double centralized and blinded from type of surgery examination was performed by anatomopathologist experts in prostate cancer to provide Gleason score, surgical margin status, presence of capsular crossing, number of lymph nodes and positive lymph nodes, and pTNM status.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFifth, no adjuvant treatment was given until biological progression defined by PSA \u0026gt;0.2 ng/ml and increasing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOncological outcomes are considered the first outcome after radical prostatectomy and this was the primary end-point of our study, comparing open, laparoscopic with and without robotic assistance. With 3 years follow-up, there were no differences \u0026nbsp;between the different approaches \u0026nbsp;in term of biological progression rates, three-years biological free progression for the global population and despite pathological stage. Surgical approach was not statistically significant in univariate or multivariate analysis, to predict biological recurence (respectively p=0.76 and p=0.47). According to pathological results, there were no differences in term of positive margins rate (25% for open retropubic approach, 27,5% for non-assisted laparoscopy and 24,5% for robot-assisted laparoscopy) \u0026nbsp; for the global population and for the differences pathological stage (pT2, pT3a, pT3b). However, patients from the non-assisted laparoscopy group with a pT2 stage were more likely to have positive surgical margins, while no difference was observed for pT3. These results are similar with the different prospective studies (Table 8): however, our results were obtained with a double centralized and blinded examination of the specimen of radical prostatectomy and no adjuvant treatment was given until biological progression defined by PSA \u0026gt;0.2 ng/ml and increasing: so, results of surgical positive margins and biochemical recurrence rate are based upon very strict definition and there was no biaises which could influence these results.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese oncological results occured \u0026nbsp; with no differences in term of operative time, blood loss, blood transfusion, post operative complications according to Clavien classification, hospital stay. Non assisted laparoscopic procedure was longer than robot assisted laparoscopic procedure (195 vs 110 mn, p\u0026gt;0.001) with more important blood loss (450 vs 300 ml, p=0.002) whereas operative time was 165 mn for open retropubic surgery.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese results are consistent with those published in the litterature : whatever surgical approach, radical prostatectomy is a safe procedure when performed by expert surgeon with low complications rates [38]. Robot-assisted laparoscopy seems to offer the best compromise in term of operative time, blood loss, complication rate and oncological results, especially in case of laparoscopic procedure [23, 25, 30, 31, 32,34 ,36].\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur study have some limitations. This study was design as a non inferiority study, which require to include less patients.This is not a randomised study and with the development of mini-invasive surgery, it is today difficult to build this kind of study with surgeons having the expertise of the three approaches. Patients also prefered today to have mini-invasive surgery. Initially the study was design for open and laparoscopic without robotic assistance radical prostatectomy.In a second time, the sudy was expanded to laparoscopic with robotic assistance radical prostatectomy which explain the small proportion of cases treated robotically.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was developped between expert centers and not between expert surgeons. However, this reflect real life. Our 3- years follow-up is short\u0026nbsp;: positive surgical margins is a weak surrogate for subsequent oncologic outcomes\u0026nbsp;; biochemical recurrence, cancer progression and survival end points require longer follow-up which needs more financial tools\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe did not present the secondary objectives which compare functional results (continence and potency), quality of life and costs of the procedure. We prefered to distinguish primary and secondary objectives. Also, there is a lot of datas and results to present secondary objectives and it will be a weighty article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eLaparoscopic (with or without robotic assistance) radical prostatectomy is non inferior to open retropubic radical prostatectomy in term of 3-year carcinological results. Laparoscopic with robotic assistance seems to offer oncological advantages in comparaison with laparoscopic without robotic assistance radical prostatectomy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eETHICAL STATEMENTS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PROPENLAP protocol was approved by the ethical committee of Ile de France IX, France (CPP-IDF IX 07-021,), in accordance with the ethical law L.1121-1 of \u0026ldquo;Code de Sante Publique\u0026rdquo; and was registred at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00502723 and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standarts as laid down in the1964 Decalar\u0026amp;tion of Helsinski and its later amendments or comparable ethical standarts.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCPP: Comit\u0026eacute; Consultatif de Protection des Personnes dans la Recherche (Consultative Committee of Protection of Person in Research)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHUMAN ETHICS AND CONSENT TO PARTICIPATE DECLARATIONS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWritten informent consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study (document 1)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWalsh PC, Donker PJ (1982) Impotence following radical prostatectomy: insight into etiology and prevention. J Urol 128:492\u0026ndash;497\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMouret P (1996) How I developed laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Ann Acad Med Singap 25:744\u0026ndash;747\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSchuessler WW, Schulam PG, Clayman RV, Kavoussi LR (1997) Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: initial short-term experience. Urology 50:854\u0026ndash;857\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRaboy A, Ferzli G, Albert P (1997) Initial experience with extraperitoneal endoscopic radical retropubic prostatectomy, vol 50. Urology, pp 849\u0026ndash;853\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbbou CC, Salomon L, Hoznek et al (2000) Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: preliminary results. Urology 55:630\u0026ndash;634\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuillonneau B, Vallancien G (2000) Laparoscopic prostatectomy: the Montsouris experience. J Urol 163:418\u0026ndash;422\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBollens R, Vanden Bossche M, Roumeguere T et al (2001) Extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Results after 50 cases. Eur Urol 40:65\u0026ndash;69\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRassweiler J, Sentker L, Seeman O et al (2001) Hellbronn laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Technique and results after 100 cases. Eur Urol 40:54\u0026ndash;64\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStolzenburgh JU, Rabenalt r, Do W et al (2007) Endoscopic extraperitoneal radical prostatectomy: the University of Leipzig experience of 1300 cases. World J Urol 25:45\u0026ndash;51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWright JL, Izard LP, Lin DW (2013) Surgical management of prostate cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 27:1111\u0026ndash;1135\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAbbou CC, Hoznek A, Salomon L et al (2001) Laparoscopic prostatectomy with a remote control robot. J Urol 165:1964\u0026ndash;1966\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMenon M, Tewari A, Peabody J, Team VIP (2003) Vattikuti Institute prostatectomy: technique. J Urol 169:2289\u0026ndash;2292\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePatel VR, Palmer KJ, Coughlin G, Samavedi S (2008) Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: perioperative outcomes of 1500 cases. J Endourol 22:2299\u0026ndash;2305\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCornu JN, Terrasa JB, Cussenot O, Haab F, Lukacs B (2012) Evolution of the landscape of surgical management of prostate cancer in France: the case of radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 62:733\u0026ndash;736\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTewari P 1, Bloch DA et al (2012) Positive surgical margin and perioperative complications rates of primary surgical treatments for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing retropubic, laparoscopic and robotic prostatectomy Eur Urol. 92:1\u0026ndash;15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFicarra V, Novara G, Artibani W et al (2009) Retropubic, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and cumulative analysis of comparative studies Eur Urol. 55:1037\u0026ndash;1063\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoran PS, O\u0026rsquo;Neill M, Teljeur C et al (2013) Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy compared with open and laparoscopic approaches: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Urol 20:312\u0026ndash;321\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNovara G, Ficarra V, Rosen RC et al (2012) Systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative outcomes and complications after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 62:431\u0026ndash;435\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGandaglia G, Sammon JD, Chang SL (2014) Comparative effectiveness of robot-assisted and open radical prostatectomy in the post dissemination area. J Clin Onc 32:1419\u0026ndash;1426\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRoberston C, Close A, Fraser C et al (2013) Relative effectiveness of robot-assisted and standard laparoscopic prostatectomy as alternatives to open radical prostatectomy for treatment of localised prostate cancer: a systematic review and mixed treatment comparison meta-analysis. BJU Int; 112 : 798\u0026ndash;812\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIlic D, Evans SM, Allan CA et al (2017) Laparoscopic and robot-assisted versus open radical prostatectomy for the treatment of localised prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; 9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYaxley JW, Coughlin GD, Chambers SK et al (2016) Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus open radical retropubic prostatectomy: early outcomes from a randomised controlled phase 3 study Lancet. 288:1057\u0026ndash;1066\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCoughlin GD, Yawley JW, Chambers S et al (2018) Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus open radical retropubic prostatectomy: 24-months outcomes from a randomised controlled study Lancet Oncol. 19:1051\u0026ndash;1060\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePorpiglia F, Morra I, Chiarissi ML et al (2013) Randomised controlled trial comparing laparoscopic and robot-assisted prostatectomy. 63:606\u0026ndash;614\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePorpiglia F, Fiori C, Bertolog et al (2018) Five-year outcomes for a prospective randomised controlled trial comparing laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Eur Urol 4:80\u0026ndash;86\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWallerstedt A, Tyritzis SI, Thorsteinsdottir T al (2015) Short-term results after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy compared to open radical prostatectomy Eur Urol. 67:660\u0026ndash;670\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThorsteinsdottir T, Stranne J, Carlsson S et al (2011) LAPPRO: a prospective multicentre comparative study of robot-assisted laparoscopic and retropubic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. Scand J Urol Nephrol 45:102\u0026ndash;112\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHaglind E, Carlsson S, Stranne J et al (2015) Urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction after robotic versus open radical prostatectomy: a prospective, controlled, non randomised trial. Eur Urol 68:216\u0026ndash;225\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSooriakumaran P, Pini G, Nyberg T (2018) Erectile function and oncologic outcomes following open retropubic anr robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: results from the LAParoscopic Prostatectomy Robot Open Trail. Eur Urol 73:618\u0026ndash;627\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLantz A, Bock D, Akre O et al (2021) Functionnal and oncological outcomes after open versus robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for localised prostate cancer: 8-Year follow-up Eur Urol. 80:650\u0026ndash;660\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAsimakopoulos AD, Pereira Fraga CT, Annino F et al (2011) Randomized comparison between laparoscopic and robot-assisted nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med 8:1053\u0026ndash;1512\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStolzenburgh JU, Holze S, Neuhaus et al (2021) Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic surgery: outcomes from the first multicentre, randomised, patient blinded controlled trial in radical prostatectomy (LAP-01) Eur Urol. 79:750\u0026ndash;759\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStolzenburgh JU, Holze S, Arthanareeswaran WKA et al (2022) Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: 12-month outcomes of the multicentre randomised controlled LAP-01 trial Eur Urol Focus. 8:1583\u0026ndash;1590\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWillis DL, Gonzalgo ML, Brotzman M (2011) Comparison of outcomes between pure laparoscopic vs robot-assisted lapaorscopic radical prostatectomy: a study of comparative effectiveness based upon validate quality of live outcomes. BJU; 109 : 898\u0026ndash;905\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThompson JE, Egger S, B\u0026ocirc;hm M et al (2014) Superior quality of life and improved surgical margins are achievable with robotic radical prostatectomy after a long learning curve: a prospective single-surgeon study of 1552 consecutive cases. Eur Urol 65:521\u0026ndash;531\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThompson JE, Egger S, B\u0026ouml;hm M et al (2018) Superior biochemical recurrence and long-term quality-of-life outcomes are achievable with robotic radical prostatectomy after a long learning curve-updated analysis of a prospective single-surgeon cohort of 2206 consecutive cases. Eur Urol 73:664\u0026ndash;671\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240:205\u0026ndash;213\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShan G, Wang W (2013) ExactCIdiff: An R Package for Computing Exact Confidence Intervals for the Difference of Two Proportions. R J 5:62\u0026ndash;70\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCosta Moretti TB, Magna LA, Reis LO (2022) Surgical results and complications for open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a reverse systematic review. Eur Urol 44:150\u0026ndash;161\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1.\u003c/strong\u003e Baseline characteristics of the study population (N=586) according to the radical prostatectomy procedure (open retropubic, N=240; laparoscopic, N=346 including non-assisted, N=236 and robot-assisted laparoscopy, N=110)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"942\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=586\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLaparoscopy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(assisted or not)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=346\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOpen retropubic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=240\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-assisted laparoscopy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=236\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobot-assisted laparoscopy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=110\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYear of the surgery \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212 (36.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129 (37.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83 (34.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (3.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139 (23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (30.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 (27.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135 (23.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79 (22.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (23.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (11.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (48.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100 (17.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (11.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (8.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (48.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge at surgery\u003c/strong\u003e, years\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62 [58-65]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 [58-64]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62 [58-66]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 [58-64]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 [57-64]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObesity (\u003c/strong\u003eBMI \u0026gt; 30)\u0026nbsp;(n=583; 343/240)\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68 (11.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49 (14.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (7.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (14.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eComorbidities\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypertension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e216 (36.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145 (41.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71 (29.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100 (42.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (40.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCardiorespiratory\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79 (13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (8.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (14.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (20.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (6.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (9.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (3.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (9.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (7.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 321px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePreoperative pathological characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN positive biopsy results / N biopsies,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e%\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003emedian [IQR]\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;c\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e(n=577; 342/235)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.8 [9.5-33.3]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7 [8.3-33.3]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 [15.4-41.7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7 [8.3-33.3]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 [9.5-33.3]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePSA level, ng/ml\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian [IQR]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3 [5-8.9]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2 [5-8.1]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.8 [4.9-10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.25 [5-8.2]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.9 [5-8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePSA \u0026gt; 10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102 (17.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (12.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59 (24.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (11.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eISUP grade (Gleason score)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 [6-7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 [6-7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 [6-7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 [6-7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 [6-7]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (Gleason \u0026le; 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e370 (63.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e226 (65.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144 (60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153 (64.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73 (66.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2/3 (Gleason 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e197 (33.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109 (31.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88 (36.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77 (32.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (29.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4/5 (Gleason \u0026ge; 8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eD\u0026rsquo;Amico risk \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e (n=575; 341/234)\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e310 (53.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e200 (58.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110 (47.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137 (58.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63 (58.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntermediate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e246 (42.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130 (38.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116 (49.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91 (38.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (36.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEAU risk group\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e0.61\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e308 (52.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e199 (57.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e109 (45.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137 (58.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62 (56.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIntermediate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e259 (44.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136 (39.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123 (51.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93 (39.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (39.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 81px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-75\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e percentiles] as appropriate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e values of the Chi2, Fisher exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate, comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e Variables used in the propensity scores to adjust comparisons of the two groups (laparoscopic versus open procedures, and robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003ePeri operative and post operative datas\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"930\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=586\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLaparoscopy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(assisted or not)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=346\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOpen retropubic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=240\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-assisted laparoscopy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=236\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobot-assisted laparoscopy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=110\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOperative time, min\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165 [115-225]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160 [108-230]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165[125-211]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e195 [132-240]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110 [85-150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEstimated total blood loss\u003c/strong\u003e (ml)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003erange\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400 [250-600]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-2700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400 [200-700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-2700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400 [250-600]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-2700]\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e450 [250-800]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-2700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300 [200-500]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-1900]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBlood transfusions\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (4.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLymphadenectomy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e279 (47.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118 (34.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161 (67.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71 (30.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (42.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePostoperative complications\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePostoperative care, Clavien\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e545 (93.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e323 (93.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e222 (92.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224 (94.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98 (89.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade II\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (4.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (9.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IIIb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAt 3 months, Clavien\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e536 (91.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e317 (91.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219 (91.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219 (92.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98 (89.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade II\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (5.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (10.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IIIb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (4.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IVa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eWithin 3 years\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUretral stenosis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHospitalisation stays (days)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 [5-8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 [5-4]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.5 [6-8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 [5-8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 [5-8]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-75\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e percentiles] as appropriate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e values of the Chi2, Fisher exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate, comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e Variables used in the propensity scores to adjust comparisons of the two groups (laparoscopic versus open procedures, and robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3.\u003c/strong\u003e Pathological results\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"930\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=586\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLaparoscopy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(assisted or not)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=346\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 110px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOpen retropubic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=240\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 56px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 128px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-assisted laparoscopy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=236\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobot-assisted laparoscopy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=110\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProstate weight\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e(n=546; 325/221)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 [34-60]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 [35-60]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 [32-55]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48 [36-60]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 [34-62]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProstatectomy Gleason score\u003c/strong\u003e (n=585; 346/239)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026le; 6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104 (17.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (18.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39 (16.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (23.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (3 + 4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e313 (53.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177 (51.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136 (56.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125 (53.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52 (47.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (4 + 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131 (22.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82 (23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49 (20.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (23.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge; 8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (6.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (6.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (6.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (6.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCapsular crossing\u003c/strong\u003e (n=514 ; 297/217)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158 (30.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95 (32.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63 (29.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 (28.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (40.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePathological staging\u003c/strong\u003e (n=585; 346/239)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT-stage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e403 (68.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e235 (67.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168 (70.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166 (70.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69 (62.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT3a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155 (26.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94 (27.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 (25.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (24.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (32.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT3b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (4.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (5.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN-stage\u0026nbsp;(n=551; 320/231)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e243 (44.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95 (29.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148 (64.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 (27.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (34.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (1.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 253px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epNx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e299 (54.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e222 (69.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77 (33.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 67px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156 (70.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66 (66.0)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 25px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 104px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-75\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e percentiles] as appropriate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e values of the Chi2, Fisher exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate, comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e Variables used in the propensity scores to adjust comparisons of the two groups (laparoscopic versus open procedures, and robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4. Comparisons of primary and secondary outcomes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eaccording to the radical prostatectomy procedures (open retropubic versus laparoscopic procedures overall) using stabilized inverse propensity score as weigh.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"867\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 340px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of radical prostatectomy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=586\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLaparoscopy (assisted or not)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=346\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpen retropubic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDifference \u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e95% CI\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36-month BCR rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78 (13.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (13.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (13.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecondary outcomes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical margin status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverall (n=\u0026nbsp;586;346/240)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNegative (R0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e429 (73.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e251 (72.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178 (74.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive (R1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152 (25.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92 (26.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 (25.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmong pT2 (n=\u0026nbsp;403;346/240)\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNegative (R0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e330 (81.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189 (80.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141 (83.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive (R1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71 (17.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (18.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (16.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmong pT3 (n=\u0026nbsp;182;111/71)\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNegative (R0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62 (55.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (50.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive (R1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81 (44.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48 (43.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (46.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerioperative characteristics and morbidity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOperative time, min\u0026nbsp;(n=549; 317/232)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165 [115-225]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160[108-230]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165[125-213]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal blood loss (ml)\u0026nbsp;(n=571\u0026nbsp;; 333/238)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian [IQR]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400 [250-600]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400 [200-700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400 [250-600]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRange\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-2700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-2700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-2700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlood transfusions\u0026nbsp;(n=583; 344/239)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLymphadenectomy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e279 (47.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118 (34.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161 (67.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClavien\u0026rsquo;s classification of immediate surgical complications (n=580; 344/236) \u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e545 (93.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e323 (93.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e222 (92.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade II\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (4.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (4.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IIIb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-months adverse postoperative events (Clavien)\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e (n=580; 344/236)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e536 (91.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e317 (91.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219 (91.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade II\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (5.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (4.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IIIb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (4.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IVa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-year uretral stenosis\u0026nbsp;(n=585\u0026nbsp;; 346/239)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-years mortality delay \u0026nbsp;median [2.7-3.0]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 \u0026nbsp;(1.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 4 (1.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 134px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 20px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 48px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-75\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e percentiles] as appropriate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e values of univariate Cox model, logistic regression or linear regression, as appropriate, adjusted for the propensity score weighting with stabilized weights comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures. The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d\u0026rsquo;Amico risk).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eDue to the small numbers in the Rx category (2 and 3 among the pT2 and pT3 classes, respectively), this category was not considered in the analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eNo events from grade I, IV or IV were observed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e no events from grade I or V were observed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5. Comparisons of primary and secondary outcomes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eaccording to the radical prostatectomy laparoscopic procedures (non-assisted versus robot-assisted) using stabilized inverse propensity score as weigths.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"877\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-assisted laparoscopy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=236\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRobot-assisted laparos\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecopy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eN=110\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eDifference\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e95% CI\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimary outcome\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36-month BCR rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (11.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecondary outcomes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 93px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 160px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical margin status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOverall (n=\u0026nbsp;586;346/240)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNegative (R0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e169 (71.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82 (74.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive (R1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (27.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (24.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmong pT2 (n=\u0026nbsp;403;346/240)\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNegative (R0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128 (77.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61 (88.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive (R1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (21.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmong pT3 (n=\u0026nbsp;182;111/71)\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNegative (R0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (58.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (51.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive (R1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (41.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (46.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerioperative characteristics and morbidity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOperative time, min\u0026nbsp;(n=549; 317/232)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e195 [130-240]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110 [85-150]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal blood loss (ml)\u0026nbsp;(n=571\u0026nbsp;; 333/238)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian [IQR]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e450 [250-800]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e300 [200-500]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRange\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-2700]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e[0-1900]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBlood transfusions\u0026nbsp;(n=583; 344/239)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (4.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLymphadenectomy\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71 (30.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47 (42.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eClavien\u0026rsquo;s- classification of immediate surgical complications (n=580; 344/236) \u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224 (94.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98 (89.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade II\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (9.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IIIb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-months adverse postoperative events (Clavien)\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e (n=580; 344/236)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219 (92.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98 (89.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade II\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (10.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IIIb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrade IVa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-year uretral stenosis\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e (n=585 ; 346/239)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 357px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3-years mortality (delay \u0026nbsp;median 3 [2.7-3.0])\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 280px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 77px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 136px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 97px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote. The data are quoted as the number (%) and median [25\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e-75\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e percentiles] as appropriate\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAbbreviations:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e values of univariate Cox model, logistic regression or linear regression, as appropriate, adjusted for the propensity score weighting with stabilized weights comparing laparoscopic procedures overall versus the open procedure, or \u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e comparing the robot-assisted versus the non-assisted procedures. The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d\u0026rsquo;Amico risk).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eDue to the small numbers in the Rx category, this category was not considered in the analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003eNo events from grade I, IV or IV were observed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e no events from grade I or V were observed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6. Univariate and multivariate analyses of 36-month biochemical recurrence after open retropubic and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (non-assisted and robot-assisted) using Cox models with stabilized inverse propensity score as weights.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"652\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36-month BCR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 204px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 155px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHR [95%CI]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHR [95%CI]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRadical prostatectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOpen retropubic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (13.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLaparoscopy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e346\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (13.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.15 [0.71-1.87]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14 [0.68-1.91]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 193px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProstatectomy Gleason score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026pound;\u0026nbsp;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (5.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 + 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.40 [0.50-3.88]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01 [0.35-2.90]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 + 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.01 [2.25-16.10]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.65 [1.28-10.43]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge; 8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (48.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.09 [5.07-39.17]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT-stage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.346\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e403\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (23.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.53 [2.18-5.72]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.32 [0.74-2.34]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN-stage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN0/ pNx\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e542\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67 (12.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (66.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.74 [5.38-25.62]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.77 [1.13-6.80]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical margin status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNegative (R0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e429\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (8.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive (R1)/Rx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42 (26.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 122px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.83 [2.38-6.15]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.11 [1.24-3.60]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 139px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 73px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 9px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 54px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e Univariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting. The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d\u0026rsquo;Amico risk).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e Multivariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting and the prostatectomy Gleason score (\u0026lt;=6, 3+4, 4+3, and \u0026ge;8), staging (pT2 or pT3, pN0/pNx or pN1) and surgical margins (R0, R1/ Rx).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7.\u003c/strong\u003e Univariate and multivariate analyses of 36-month biochemical recurrence after non-assisted or robot-assisted radical prostatectomy using Cox models with stabilized inverse propensity score as weights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"659\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36-month BCR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 154px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHR [95%CI]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHR [95%CI]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRadical prostatectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 75px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNon-assisted laparoscopy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e236\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (13.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRobot-assisted\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (11.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26 [0.10-0.67]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.38 [0.13-1.08]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 215px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProstatectomy Gleason score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026pound;\u0026nbsp;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (5.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 + 4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e313\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (7.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.06 [0.21-44.79]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.61 [0.10-25.70]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 + 3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (23.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.43 [1.98-380.9]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.34 [0.97-212.87]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge; 8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18 (48.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.68 [3.04-655.6]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.22 [1.34-335.53]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT-stage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e403\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (23.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.79 [2.84-11.79]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92 [0.84-4.41]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN-stage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN0/ pNx\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e542\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67 (12.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epN1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (66.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.32 [1.43-37.54]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.26 [0.81-34.02]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical margin status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.192\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNegative (R0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e429\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (8.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 168px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive (R1)/ Rx\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42 (26.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.24 [2.14-8.40]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.69 [0.77-3.74]\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 28px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 28px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 59px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e Univariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting. The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d\u0026rsquo;Amico risk).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e Multivariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting and the prostatectomy Gleason score (\u0026lt;=6, 3+4, 4+3, and \u0026ge;8), staging (pT2 or pT3) and surgical margins (R0, R1/ Rx).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e Univariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e Multivariate analysis using a multilevel Cox model adjusted for the propensity score weighting and the prostatectomy Gleason score (\u0026lt;=6, 3+4, 4+3, and \u0026ge;8), staging (pT2 or pT3, pN0/pNx or pN1) and surgical margins (R0, R1/ Rx). The propensity score incuded the following variables: year at the surgery, age, obesity, hypertension, cardiorespiratory comorbidities, diabetes, number of positive biopsy results / N biopsies, and d\u0026rsquo;Amico risk).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 8 : Prospective studies\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"1012\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYears\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eof inclusion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical approaches\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticipants\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary objective\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYears of follow-up : BCR\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical margin rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYaxley\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(22,23)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2010-2014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR vs RLP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e151 vs 157\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 surgeons\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUrinary function\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSexual function\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePositive surgical margins\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 years biochemical recurrence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 years: 9% \u0026nbsp;vs 3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10% vs 15%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT2\u0026nbsp;: 2% vs 3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT3\u0026nbsp;: 8% vs 11%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePorpiglia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(24, 25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2010-2012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLP vs RLP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60 vs 60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 surgeon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 months continence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 years\u0026nbsp;: 19.6% vs 19.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20% vs 26.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT2\u0026nbsp;: 16.2% vs 13.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT3\u0026nbsp;: 27.3% vs 50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsimakopoulos\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2007-2008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLP vs RLP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 vs 64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 surgeon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 months erectile function\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 year\u0026nbsp;: 3% vs 8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10% vs 15.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT2\u0026nbsp;: 7.7% vs7%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT3\u0026nbsp;: 25% vs 55%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHaglind\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAPPRO\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(26-30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2008-2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR vs RLP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e778 vs 1847\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 centers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70 surgeons\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 months continence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 years: 8% vs 6.4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 years: 30% vs 27%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 vs 22%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStolzenburgh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLAP-01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(32, 33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2014-2018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLP vs RLP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188 vs 530\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 centers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 surgeons\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 months continence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 year: 21.6% vs 23.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14% vs 19%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePROPENLAP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2008-2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR vs LP and RLP\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240 vs 246 and 110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 vs 7 centers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 years biochemical recurrence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 208px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 years: 13.8% vs 13.6% vs 11.8%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 221px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25% vs 27.5% vs 24.5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT2: 16.1% vs 21.7% vs 11.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epT3: 50.7% vs 41.4% vs 46.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOR open retropubic prostatectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLP laparoscopic prostatectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRLP robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBCR Biochemical reccurence rate\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy, laparoscopy, robotic surgery","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6915322/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6915322/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003ePurpose: to report 3-years oncological results of PROPENLAP, a prospective multicenter trial comparing open to laparoscopic (with or without robotic assistance) radical prostatectomy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods: PROPENLAP was a prospective, controlled, non randomized trial of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy in 13 centres using open or laparoscopic with or without robotic assistance radical prostatectomy. Inclusion criteria were: age \u0026lt; 70 years, having a biopsy-proven prostate cancer, clinical stage T1c, PSA \u0026lt; 20 ng/ml Specimen of radical prostatectomy were analysed according to the Stanford protocol; double centralized examination by anatomopathologist experts in prostate cancer and blinded from type of surgery No adjuvant treatment was given without biological progression defined by PSA \u0026gt;0.2 ng/ml and increasing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary end-point was a 3-year BCR rate defined as postoperative PSA level \u0026gt; 0.2 ng/ml, without any adjuvant treatment. The secondary end-points were positive surgical margins, operative time, blood transfusion, lymnphadenectomy results, peri and post operative morbidity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: From December 2008 to April 2011, 586 of 612 eligible patients, were included in the study, 240 for open retropubic approach (OR), 346 for laparoscopic approach (LP), 246 without robotic assistance (PLR) and 110 with robotic assistance (RLP)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePatients from the open retropubic group were less likely to have comorbidities, had a higher percentage of positive biopsy results, were more likely to have a PSA level \u0026gt;10, and had more intermediate d’Amico risk relative to the laparoscopic group. Regarding pathological results, there were no significant differences between the groups in term of prostatectomy Gleason score or pathological stage. Operating time was shorter with robot assisted laparoscopy prostatectomy, blood loss was less important with mini-invasive surgery, specifically with robot-assisted laparoscopy procedure.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere were 78 (13.3%) biochemical progression. There were no statistically significative difference in 36 months biological free survival between the three approaches and between open retropubic group and the laparoscopy group and between the open retropubic group and the laparoscopy group according to pathogical staging. As regard to secondary outcomes, no significant differences were observed in terms of positive surgical margins, operative time, blood transfusion, post operative complications according to Clavien’s classification, or hospital stay.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding the laparoscopic groups, in a multivariate Cox model, a trend towards a lower BCR rate was observed in the robot-assisted group (HR, 0.38, 95% CI [0.13-1.08], \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e= 0.07).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePatients from the non-assisted laparoscopy group with a pT2 stage were more likely to have positive surgical margins, while no difference was observed for pT3. Non-assisted laparoscopic procedure was longer relative to the robot-assisted laparoscopic procedure with more important blood loss and blood transfusions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusion: Laparoscopic (with or without robotic assistance) radical prostatectomy is non inferior to open retropubic radical prostatectomy in term of 3-year carcinological results. Laparoscopic with robotic assistance seems to offer oncological advantages in comparison with laparoscopic without robotic assistance radical prostatectomy.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Oncological results of PROPENLAP, prospective multicentric trial comparing open to mini-invasive radical prostatectomy (with and without robotic assistance)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-28 11:47:17","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6915322/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a363fcc2-572f-4bbf-8088-175f43ae706c","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-10T12:56:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-28 11:47:17","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6915322","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6915322","identity":"rs-6915322","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}