A very eccentric brown dwarf coplanar to a warm Jupiter and a hot super Earth

A very eccentric brown dwarf coplanar to a warm Jupiter and a hot super Earth | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Physical Sciences - Article A very eccentric brown dwarf coplanar to a warm Jupiter and a hot super Earth Matias Jones, Luca Naponiello, Trifon Trifonov, Rafael Brahm, and 20 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6926993/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In transiting planetary systems, where planetary sizes are accurately determined from transit observations, the presence of transit timing variations (TTVs), especially when combined with radial velocity (RV) data, provides powerful constraints on masses and orbital eccentricities. Together, these measurements offer crucial insights into system architecture, formation mechanisms, and dynamical evolution. We present long-term RV and transit/TTV monitoring of the active and young star (age $\sim$ 1 Gyr) TOI-201, revealing an exceptional multi-planet system composed of a hot super-Earth (SE) transiting every 5.8 days, a warm Jupiter (WJ) on a 53-day orbit, and an eccentric ($e$ = 0.622) low-mass brown dwarf (BD) on an approximately 8-year orbit, with an estimated mass of M$_{\rm BD} \sim$ 16 Jupiter masses. The BD is the longest-period transiting object ever characterized via RVs, and the only one known to be coplanar with inner planets. The architecture of this system suggests that the SE was formed isolated and in the innermost region of the gaseous disc. On the other hand, the orbital configuration of the outer companions suggests a nearly in-situ formation of both objects, with the WJ forming in a dense inner disc. Alternatively, the BD might have formed farther out and migrated inward, while inflating its eccentricity due to interactions with the disc. Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science/Astronomy and astrophysics/Exoplanets Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science/Planetary science/Giant planets Physical sciences/Astronomy and planetary science/Planetary science/Inner planets Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6926993","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Physical Sciences - Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":482576840,"identity":"b5c8e400-ea1b-4846-b5ae-0f98d9a6cef8","order_by":0,"name":"Matias 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Together, these measurements offer crucial insights into system architecture, formation mechanisms, and dynamical evolution.\r\nWe present long-term RV and transit/TTV monitoring of the active and young star (age $\\sim$ 1 Gyr) TOI-201, revealing an exceptional multi-planet system composed of a hot super-Earth (SE) transiting every 5.8 days, a warm Jupiter (WJ) on a 53-day orbit, and an eccentric ($e$ = 0.622) low-mass brown dwarf (BD) on an approximately 8-year orbit, with an estimated mass of M$_{\\rm BD} \\sim$ 16 Jupiter masses. The BD is the longest-period transiting object ever characterized via RVs, and the only one known to be coplanar with inner planets. \r\nThe architecture of this system suggests that the SE was formed isolated and in the innermost region of the gaseous disc.\r\nOn the other hand, the orbital configuration of the outer companions suggests a nearly in-situ formation of both objects, with the WJ forming in a dense inner disc. 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