Family functioning and insomnia in secondary vocational school students: the chain-mediated role of paranoia and anxiety

Family functioning and insomnia in secondary vocational school students: the chain-mediated role of paranoia and anxiety | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Family functioning and insomnia in secondary vocational school students: the chain-mediated role of paranoia and anxiety Xinyue Wang, Zi-long Ma, Xiang Duan, Taimin Wu, Bing Xiang Yang, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5348205/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the current state of insomnia among secondary vocational school students, identify its influencing factors, and explore potential mechanisms of action. Methods: The study population consisted of 2150 students (968 male and 1182 female) enrolled in a secondary vocational school in Wuhan, China. A cross-sectional research design was employed to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping. Results: Adolescents with poorer family functioning, higher levels of paranoid personality traits, and higher levels of anxiety are more likely to experience insomnia. There was a significant direct association between family functioning and insomnia ( β = −0.153, p < 0.001). Paranoid personality traits and anxiety were not only significant independent mediators in the relationship between family functioning and insomnia (paranoid personality traits: β = 0.021, 95% CI: [−0.035, −0.008]; anxiety: β = 0.173, 95% CI: [−0.204, −0.114]) but also chain mediators ( β = 0.059, 95% CI: [−0.073, −0.048]). Conclusions: Managing insomnia in secondary vocational school students requires familial and individual strategies, including reducing family conflict, improving family functioning, and addressing cognitive biases and anxiety. family functioning paranoid personality traits anxiety insomnia secondary vocational school students chain-mediated model Figures Figure 1 Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5348205","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":377645727,"identity":"0febcb11-37da-45f2-aab2-9fb6b7894f91","order_by":0,"name":"Xinyue Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong, University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xinyue","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":402320922,"identity":"28feb5f3-2338-4b18-ad15-da80b3b82036","order_by":1,"name":"Zi-long Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zi-long","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":377645728,"identity":"56463821-98d6-40e0-b764-7e9bca505c72","order_by":2,"name":"Xiang Duan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Duan","suffix":""},{"id":377645729,"identity":"48367a2f-90fa-4b51-8452-3d53aaae7127","order_by":3,"name":"Taimin Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Taimin","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":377645731,"identity":"36dbcdfa-68bd-47ec-9d39-5162fe84cdca","order_by":4,"name":"Bing Xiang Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Center for Wise Information Technology of Mental Health Nursing Research, School of Nursing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bing","middleName":"Xiang","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":377645733,"identity":"d3d99846-0f29-4455-85fa-136e72315d4d","order_by":5,"name":"Yaofei Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan 430012, Hubei Province, China","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yaofei","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":377645734,"identity":"76e4cff5-b27e-4016-8c8e-92ea5e7bfa77","order_by":6,"name":"Lianzhong Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABA0lEQVRIie2RsWrDMBCGTwiURUHrCYOfQWAwHQJ5FZuCpwx9BENBWZq9S96hXZqOLgJNyu6thoInD5kKAQ1V2g5dbHcsVN9wIHEfOv0HEIn8QQSlTYOAnIGx33fFtCK3uuwQVqkgtgpnNa8o57LQVmXy1uW/U6Atcrzypnyw7v2New9isVFwfh43yH1RodRBccdDttQK5N2gyM6NKxQLi7IOSnt8Spa1AtVuFCV6XGFYasTLYK9Dn3CvYD2ncG6oQha+XzuWcBZewRkFF5p0UoeQweZyrzOOrr952U0oayNOBv3nKnscfJqK7fVjd55QviL4OemlNNNCCPo01xGJRCL/mw/2zlNGttv+TAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Wuhan Wudong Hospital (Wuhan Second Mental Hospital), Wuhan, China","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lianzhong","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-28 15:08:33","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5348205/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5348205/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":74390082,"identity":"559fed33-55ba-4da8-9c2b-9ac9c6722767","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-21 22:43:04","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":120841,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe mediating effect of paranoid personality traits and anxiety on the relationship between family function and insomnia. Path coefficients are standardized. Asterisks indicate significance levels (***: \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001, **: \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.01).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5348205/v2/4fa042c29ce1680e5bf12faf.png"},{"id":74390799,"identity":"7ca3bb03-9059-45f9-8730-3720cc4c4bf0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-21 23:07:06","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":663165,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"FamilyFunctioningandInsomniainSecondaryVocationalSchoolStudents.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5348205/v2_covered_53a17efb-4797-47fc-bacf-c4c3d846dd45.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"Family functioning and insomnia in secondary vocational school students: the chain-mediated role of paranoia and anxiety","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"family functioning, paranoid personality traits, anxiety, insomnia, secondary vocational school students, chain-mediated model","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5348205/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5348205/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eObjective: The objective of this study was to investigate the current state of insomnia among secondary vocational school students, identify its influencing factors, and explore potential mechanisms of action.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods: The study population consisted of 2150 students (968 male and 1182 female) enrolled in a secondary vocational school in Wuhan, China. A cross-sectional research design was employed to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: Adolescents with poorer family functioning, higher levels of paranoid personality traits, and higher levels of anxiety are more likely to experience insomnia. There was a significant direct association between family functioning and insomnia (\u003cem\u003eβ = \u003c/em\u003e−0.153, \u003cem\u003ep \u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; 0.001). Paranoid personality traits and anxiety were not only significant independent mediators in the relationship between family functioning and insomnia (paranoid personality traits: \u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e = 0.021, 95% CI: [−0.035, −0.008]; anxiety: \u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e= 0.173, 95% CI: [−0.204, −0.114]) but also chain mediators (\u003cem\u003eβ \u003c/em\u003e= 0.059, 95% CI: [−0.073, −0.048]).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusions: Managing insomnia in secondary vocational school students requires familial and individual strategies, including reducing family conflict, improving family functioning, and addressing cognitive biases and anxiety.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Family functioning and insomnia in secondary vocational school students: the chain-mediated role of paranoia and anxiety","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2025-01-21 22:42:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5348205/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-18 16:22:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5348205/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6e2edd53-43c4-4afc-b9a1-c58d4848c38c","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-12-04T23:23:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-21 22:42:59","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-5348205","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5348205","identity":"rs-5348205","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}