Intrinsic, room temperature quantum resistance memristor for next generation zero-chain traceability SI standard

Intrinsic, room temperature quantum resistance memristor for next generation zero-chain traceability SI standard | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Intrinsic, room temperature quantum resistance memristor for next generation zero-chain traceability SI standard Ilia Valov, Gianluca Milano, Xin Zheng, Fabio Michieletti, Giuseppe Leonetti, and 15 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5783287/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Nanotechnology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The revision of the International System of Units opens new perspectives for the mise en pratique of SI units, fixing numerical values of fundamental constants of nature. Here, we show the realization of an intrinsic standard of resistance based on memristive devices working in air, at room temperature, directly accessible to the end user. Operating nanoionic cells in the quantum conductance regime, we report on a programming strategy based on the electrochemical polishing effects, allowing to control quantum conductance levels multiple of the fundamental unit of conductance and implement it as intrinsic standard values. The metrological consistency of results with respect to consensus values is verified, deviating -3.8 % and 0.6 % from of G 0 and 2G 0 values, respectively. Results pave the way for the implementation of National Metrological Institute services on-chip, towards the realization of self-calibrating systems with zero-chain traceability. Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale devices/Electronic devices Physical sciences/Physics/Electronics, photonics and device physics/Electronic and spintronic devices Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformationNatNano.docx Supplementary Materials Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 27 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Nature Nanotechnology → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5783287","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":407451922,"identity":"f5e23978-e5c7-4b8f-8420-e6ec094d639f","order_by":0,"name":"Ilia Valov","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNhDxgIFBjr2BgcGAgcGCh0GCAYQIaElgYDDmOQDWIkFYCwNUS2LPATBTgoGgFj4GHsMPCRWH03v4DzAU81RIyPDPbmC88QGvw3iMJRLOHM7tYTgAdN0ZCR6JOweYLWfg1cKWIJHYlpa7n7H/gzFvmwSPgUQCmzQPfi3JP4Ba0nmYgWHA+w+q5Q9eLczHgLbYJPCwgbQ0QLXg8z4bM/Mxi4QzNoY9QLcYzjkG9MuNxGbLHjxa5Nsbm298qJCQ5+E/wGbwpsbGnn9G8sEbP/BZw4xkowGEZmzApwFV9wOilY6CUTAKRsGIAgAYtTtuJvuh1AAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-7214","institution":"Forschungszentrum Juelich","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ilia","middleName":"","lastName":"Valov","suffix":""},{"id":407451923,"identity":"6c4644da-093a-4f31-9739-cecffad99218","order_by":1,"name":"Gianluca Milano","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1983-6516","institution":"Italian Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gianluca","middleName":"","lastName":"Milano","suffix":""},{"id":407451924,"identity":"eb8890b0-10d1-4625-b1f9-a8ef87f71f24","order_by":2,"name":"Xin Zheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Forschungszentrum Juelich","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xin","middleName":"","lastName":"Zheng","suffix":""},{"id":407451925,"identity":"8bc52747-c4af-45b3-8afb-03d8936f8f5a","order_by":3,"name":"Fabio Michieletti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Politecnico di Torino","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fabio","middleName":"","lastName":"Michieletti","suffix":""},{"id":407451926,"identity":"6ff3de81-7ce8-4c2f-adb6-752ddddb643b","order_by":4,"name":"Giuseppe Leonetti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Politecnico di Torino","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Giuseppe","middleName":"","lastName":"Leonetti","suffix":""},{"id":407451927,"identity":"74d5f8ae-b259-47b0-b27e-e89db85543a0","order_by":5,"name":"Gabriel Caballero","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IMDEA","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gabriel","middleName":"","lastName":"Caballero","suffix":""},{"id":407451928,"identity":"fe9ba814-bcff-4428-9119-cc90d31869d6","order_by":6,"name":"Ilker Oztoprak","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TUBITAK","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ilker","middleName":"","lastName":"Oztoprak","suffix":""},{"id":407451929,"identity":"b6d43252-12e0-4b79-8870-2eae8d4c9338","order_by":7,"name":"Luca Boarino","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luca","middleName":"","lastName":"Boarino","suffix":""},{"id":407451930,"identity":"d92b5b3b-78a8-4850-993e-c3b73d2a56c2","order_by":8,"name":"Ozgur Bozat","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TUBITAK","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ozgur","middleName":"","lastName":"Bozat","suffix":""},{"id":407451931,"identity":"2486ab7d-8a1e-47f8-a733-f201d0de2690","order_by":9,"name":"Luca Callegaro","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5997-9960","institution":"IMRiM","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luca","middleName":"","lastName":"Callegaro","suffix":""},{"id":407451932,"identity":"331dbec3-fe25-40f2-8565-93a2c76c0aee","order_by":10,"name":"Natascia De Leo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"INRiM","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Natascia","middleName":"","lastName":"De Leo","suffix":""},{"id":407451933,"identity":"8d94304e-12e9-447d-90c0-a12412fb76c3","order_by":11,"name":"Isabel Godinho","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IPQ","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Isabel","middleName":"","lastName":"Godinho","suffix":""},{"id":407451934,"identity":"79d3d5ab-110a-4d6b-88d7-5d729f54fb01","order_by":12,"name":"Daniel Granados","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-9080","institution":"IMDEA Nanociencia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"","lastName":"Granados","suffix":""},{"id":407451935,"identity":"6f932502-4c52-4af4-9f00-e7881fe4ac64","order_by":13,"name":"Itir Koymen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TOBB university","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Itir","middleName":"","lastName":"Koymen","suffix":""},{"id":407451936,"identity":"a0c7cac1-90ec-4131-80f0-76a6af810855","order_by":14,"name":"Mariela Menghini","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1744-798X","institution":"IMDEA Nanoscience","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mariela","middleName":"","lastName":"Menghini","suffix":""},{"id":407451937,"identity":"624defac-aed7-44c1-bad4-5d53d46f1e32","order_by":15,"name":"Enrique Miranda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Enrique","middleName":"","lastName":"Miranda","suffix":""},{"id":407451938,"identity":"c93aa400-c181-4694-8fd5-08181cc0f068","order_by":16,"name":"Luis Ribeiro","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IPQ","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luis","middleName":"","lastName":"Ribeiro","suffix":""},{"id":407451939,"identity":"2b2d4b53-3156-4462-8bb9-ed1f2a7c6c57","order_by":17,"name":"Carlo Ricciardi","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-7949","institution":"Politecnico di Torino","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carlo","middleName":"","lastName":"Ricciardi","suffix":""},{"id":407451940,"identity":"c55f7120-8a72-47ac-8be0-53483788e9c3","order_by":18,"name":"Jordi Sune","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0108-4907","institution":"UAB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jordi","middleName":"","lastName":"Sune","suffix":""},{"id":407451941,"identity":"183539d1-b620-4384-bf66-e0a1806c07d0","order_by":19,"name":"Vitor Cabral","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"IPQ","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vitor","middleName":"","lastName":"Cabral","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-07 17:10:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5783287/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5783287/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02037-5","type":"published","date":"2025-10-27T04:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94582536,"identity":"5d7df4c8-7936-4a43-9cb6-5d9434f87241","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-28 18:13:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1003628,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptNatNanov2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5783287/v1_covered_269a6612-b6e5-4526-85f1-518f7f23ef49.pdf"},{"id":74882232,"identity":"bbce870d-d4f8-4699-abe8-6e716be24f9a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-28 02:28:19","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":2580379,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplementary Materials","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryInformationNatNano.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5783287/v1/e36c438e87244c0260276b68.docx"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Intrinsic, room temperature quantum resistance memristor for next generation zero-chain traceability SI standard","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5783287/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5783287/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe revision of the International System of Units opens new perspectives for the mise en pratique of SI units, fixing numerical values of fundamental constants of nature. Here, we show the realization of an intrinsic standard of resistance based on memristive devices working in air, at room temperature, directly accessible to the end user. Operating nanoionic cells in the quantum conductance regime, we report on a programming strategy based on the electrochemical polishing effects, allowing to control quantum conductance levels multiple of the fundamental unit of conductance and implement it as intrinsic standard values. The metrological consistency of results with respect to consensus values is verified, deviating -3.8 % and 0.6 % from of G\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e and 2G\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e values, respectively. Results pave the way for the implementation of National Metrological Institute services on-chip, towards the realization of self-calibrating systems with zero-chain traceability.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Intrinsic, room temperature quantum resistance memristor for next generation zero-chain traceability SI standard","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-01-28 02:20:14","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5783287/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-nanotechnology","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nnano","sideBox":"Learn more about [Nature Nanotechnology](http://www.nature.com/nnano/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Nanotechnology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature Research","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"521ad559-bfdd-46d3-bbb6-f4ff71b5504b","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 28th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":43443265,"name":"Physical sciences/Nanoscience and technology/Nanoscale devices/Electronic devices"},{"id":43443266,"name":"Physical sciences/Physics/Electronics, photonics and device physics/Electronic and spintronic devices"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-28T17:30:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5783287","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02037-5","journal":{"identity":"nature-nanotechnology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Nature Nanotechnology"},"publishedOn":"2025-10-27 04:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 27th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-01-28 02:20:14","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41565-025-02037-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-025-02037-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5783287","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5783287","identity":"rs-5783287","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}