Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase activity attenuates trauma-induced multiple organ dysfunction in rats

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the potential of the Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (BTKi) acalabrutinib and fenebrutinib to reduce multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in acute and chronic hemorrhagic shock (HS) rat models and (b) whether treatment with either acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib attenuates BTK, NF-κB and NLRP3 activation in HS. Background The MODS caused by an excessive systemic inflammatory response following trauma is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The protein BTK is known to play a role in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which is a key component of the innate inflammatory response. However, its role in trauma-hemorrhage is unknown. Methods Acute and chronic HS rat models were performed to determine the influence of acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib on MODS. The activation of BTK, NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways were analyzed by western blot in the kidney. Results We demonstrated that (a) HS caused organ injury and/or dysfunction and hypotension (post resuscitation) in rats, while (b) treatment of HS-rats with either acalabrutinib or fenebrutinib attenuated the organ injury and dysfunction in acute and chronic HS models and (c) reduced the activation of BTK, NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways in the kidney. Conclusion Our results point to a role of BTK in the pathophysiology of organ injury and dysfunction caused by trauma/hemorrhage and indicate that BTK inhibitors may be repurposed as a potential therapeutic approach for MODS after trauma and/or hemorrhage. MINI-ABSTRACT This study evaluated the role of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) in trauma/hemorrhage. Patients with trauma had elevated gene expression of BTK. The BTK inhibitors acalabrutinib (irreversible) and fenebrutinib (reversible) attenuated the trauma-induced multiple organ dysfunction in rats with hemorrhagic shock, indicating that BTK could be a potential therapeutic target.