A climate-smart spatial planning framework

A climate-smart spatial planning framework | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Method Article A climate-smart spatial planning framework Kristine Camille V. Buenafe, Daniel C. Dunn, Jason D. Everett, and 8 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1801861/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract 1. Climate change is already having profound effects on biodiversity, but climate change adaptation has yet to be fully incorporated into area-based management tools used to conserve biodiversity, such as protected areas. One main obstacle to its inclusion is the lack of consensus regarding how impacts of climate change can be included in spatial conservation plans. 2. We propose a climate-smart framework that prioritizes the protection of climate refugia—areas of low climate exposure and high biodiversity retention—identified using climate metrics. We explore four aspects of climate-smart spatial planning in the proposed framework: i) climate model ensembles; ii) multiple emission scenarios; iii) climate metrics; and iv) approaches to identifying climate refugia. We illustrate this framework in the Western Pacific Ocean, but it is equally applicable to terrestrial systems. 3. All aspects of climate-smart spatial planning considered affected the configuration of spatial plans. The choice of climate metrics and approaches to identifying refugia result in large differences in climate-smart spatial plans, whereas the choice of climate models and emission scenarios have smaller effects. As configuration of spatial plans depended on climate metrics used, a spatial plan based on a single measure of climate change (e.g., warming) will not necessarily be robust against other measures of climate change (e.g., ocean acidification). We recommend including climate metrics most relevant for the biodiversity considered. To include the uncertainty associated with different climate futures, we recommend using multiple climate models (i.e., an ensemble) and emission scenarios. Finally, we show that the approaches we used to identify climate refugia come with trade-offs between the degree to which they are climate-smart and their efficiency in meeting conservation targets. Hence, the choice of approach will depend on the relative value stakeholders place on climate change adaptation. 4. By using this framework, protected areas can be designed with improved longevity and thus safeguard biodiversity against current and future climate change. We hope that the proposed climate-smart framework helps transition conservation planning towards climate-smart approaches. Ecological Modeling Marine and Freshwater Ecology Terrestrial Ecology Climate Analysis and Modeling climate resilience environmental decision making Marxan MPAs prioritizr spatial prioritization systematic conservation planning Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1801861","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Method Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":116861324,"identity":"1b8b37b0-a076-4c15-8625-fe5787f0ea3c","order_by":0,"name":"Kristine Camille V. 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Climate change is already having profound effects on biodiversity, but climate change adaptation has yet to be fully incorporated into area-based management tools used to conserve biodiversity, such as protected areas. One main obstacle to its inclusion is the lack of consensus regarding how impacts of climate change can be included in spatial conservation plans.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. We propose a climate-smart framework that prioritizes the protection of climate refugia—areas of low climate exposure and high biodiversity retention—identified using climate metrics. We explore four aspects of climate-smart spatial planning in the proposed framework: i) climate model ensembles; ii) multiple emission scenarios; iii) climate metrics; and iv) approaches to identifying climate refugia. We illustrate this framework in the Western Pacific Ocean, but it is equally applicable to terrestrial systems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. All aspects of climate-smart spatial planning considered affected the configuration of spatial plans. The choice of climate metrics and approaches to identifying refugia result in large differences in climate-smart spatial plans, whereas the choice of climate models and emission scenarios have smaller effects. As configuration of spatial plans depended on climate metrics used, a spatial plan based on a single measure of climate change (e.g., warming) will not necessarily be robust against other measures of climate change (e.g., ocean acidification). We recommend including climate metrics most relevant for the biodiversity considered. To include the uncertainty associated with different climate futures, we recommend using multiple climate models (i.e., an ensemble) and emission scenarios. Finally, we show that the approaches we used to identify climate refugia come with trade-offs between the degree to which they are climate-smart and their efficiency in meeting conservation targets. Hence, the choice of approach will depend on the relative value stakeholders place on climate change adaptation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. By using this framework, protected areas can be designed with improved longevity and thus safeguard biodiversity against current and future climate change. We hope that the proposed climate-smart framework helps transition conservation planning towards climate-smart approaches.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A climate-smart spatial planning framework","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-06-29 18:47:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1801861/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5a22a49a-66f3-40be-ba2e-e4af7d32b342","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 29th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":13588430,"name":"Ecological Modeling"},{"id":13588431,"name":"Marine and Freshwater Ecology"},{"id":13588432,"name":"Terrestrial Ecology"},{"id":13588433,"name":"Climate Analysis and Modeling"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-06-29T18:47:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-06-29 18:47:18","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1801861","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1801861","identity":"rs-1801861","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"rHA-KDH7Qsr4HCuvH75dn","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}