Impact of habitual yogurt intake in mother-child dyads on incidence of childhood otitis media: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)

Impact of habitual yogurt intake in mother-child dyads on incidence of childhood otitis media: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Impact of habitual yogurt intake in mother-child dyads on incidence of childhood otitis media: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Masahiro Tsuchiya, Shinobu Tsuchiya, Haruki Momma, Ryoukichi Ikeda, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2176558/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 May, 2023 Read the published version in Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Otitis media, one of the most common childhood diseases, is characterized by inflammation or infection of the middle ear. Due to their ease of access, daily probiotics are recommended for the prevention of early childhood otitis media. This study aimed to assess the impact of probiotics on the incidence of otitis media using a dataset (n = 95,380) from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort study. After multiple imputations, the association between the incidence of otitis media in early childhood and the daily frequency of yogurt intake in children and mothers was examined using a generalized linear model with adjusting for several confounders. Repeated incidence of otitis media during the two years after birth was found in 14,874 participants (15.6%). Based on participants with the lowest frequency of yogurt intake (“almost never”) as the reference group, risk ratios (95% confidence interval) for otitis media incidence decreased with higher frequencies of yogurt intake in children at one year of age, but also independently in mothers during pregnancy. Furthermore, although not statistically significant, a similar association was observed in the subgroup of those with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), a high risk group for severe otitis media. Thus, increased regular yogurt intake in both children and mothers was associated with a decrease in early childhood otitis media. Probiotics Otitis media Cleft lips and palate Nationwide birth cohort Figures Figure 1 Introduction Otitis media encompasses a spectrum of diseases related to inflammation in the middle ear, including acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and chronic suppurative otitis media [ 1 – 4 ]. The condition is one of the most common diseases of childhood, with more than half of children experiencing it at least once before three years of age [ 2 , 3 , 5 ]. Additionally, Wald et al. [ 6 ] reported that infants with a first episode of otitis media early in life (aged < 12 months) are more susceptible to recurrent otitis media. Without proper treatment and care, sequelae and complications related to hearing function, speech, and language skills may occur [ 2 ]. Based on international guidelines, the first-line management of otitis media, particularly acute infections, is adequate analgesia and antibiotic therapy [ 4 , 7 – 9 ]. However, frequent use of antibiotics in infants results in both the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms [ 10 ] and the disturbance of naso-oropharyngeal microbiota [ 11 , 12 ]. As viral upper respiratory infections often lead to otitis media via the Eustachian tube, the naso-oropharyngeal microbiota, responsible for modulating the mucosal immune system, is a key factor in the occurrence of otitis media [ 13 , 14 ]. Therefore, due to the ease of use and the increased benefits to the naso-oropharyngeal microbiota, daily probiotics, traditionally found in dairy-based products such as yogurt, may be used in the prevention of otitis media. According to WHO [ 15 ], probiotics are live micro-organisms that confer health benefits to individuals when taken in adequate amounts. The use of probiotics has become more popular as increasing scientific evidence emerges showing their wide-ranging health benefits. For instance, in a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Scott et al. [ 16 ] found that probiotic use prevented acute otitis media in young children (an approximately 30% reduction), though their use had no effect in the prevention of recurrent otitis media. The naso-oropharyngeal microbiota in infants is initially transferred between mothers and infants perinatally, which then dramatically increases during the first few years of life [ 14 ]. Considering health conditions and social circumstances, the use of probiotics in infants may be a primary prevention method with a proof of concept in supporting healthy naso-oropharyngeal microbiota development [ 16 – 18 ]. Thus, WHO [ 19 ] states that the appropriate age for complementary feeding of probiotics is 6–23 months of age. Interestingly, in addition to recent evidence supporting the idea that human microbiota begin colonizing in fetuses [ 20 ], well-designed randomized controlled trials have also found health benefits in children whose mothers received probiotic supplementation during pregnancy [ 21 , 22 ]. Although maternal probiotics may significantly influence fetal microbiota prior to birth, the impact of prenatal probiotics on the incidence of otitis media in children remains unknown. Additionally, this study examined the impact of probiotics on the incidence of otitis media in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), a birth defect with highest susceptibility to recurrent otitis media [ 23 , 24 ]. Probiotics have been thoroughly examined for the prevention of childhood otitis media [ 16 , 17 ]; however, the potential benefits in children with CL/P remain unclear. The dataset from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS), a nationwide prospective survey of children’s health in Japan, consists of the health status and sociodemographic characteristics of mother-child dyads, including information on habitual yogurt intake and incidence of otitis media in approximately 100,000 mother-child pairs as well as in children with CL/P [ 25 , 26 ]. In using this data, we aimed to conduct a secondary analysis to determine whether habitual yogurt intake in mothers or children impacted the incidence of otitis media in both the entire population and in children with CL/P. Methods Study Design And Participants This study relied on the “jecs-ta-20190930-qsn” and “jecs-qa-20210401” datasets, the details of which are published elsewhere [ 25 – 28 ]. In brief, the JECS study recruited pregnant women during their first prenatal examination between January 2011 and March 2014. Of 104,059 fetuses enrolled from 15 regional centers in Japan, 3,759 were pregnancy and infant losses, or untraceable, and 4,920 participants’ mothers did not respond to the all four questionnaire related to the incidence of otitis media in infants. After excluding the above fetuses and infants from the analysis, the total sample comprised 95,380 children (Fig. 1 ). Data related to CL/P and other congenital anomalies were ascertained from medical records and transcription forms, which were confirmed by doctors, midwives, nurses, or trained research coordinators. The details of data processing, validation, and verification with regards to congenital anomalies have been previously described [ 28 ]. Using the fixed JECS dataset, 237 cases with CL/P were included in our analyses. Incidence Of Otitis Media (Outcome Measure) Incidence of otitis media (outcome measure) The incidence of otitis media in early childhood was determined from semiannual mailed questionnaires from 6–24 months after delivery. Parents or caregivers of the participants were asked the following question: “Has your child ever been diagnosed with the following diseases by a doctor in the last 6 months (since the last survey)?” There was a checkbox for “otitis media” in the section on various childhood diseases. At each age point, if the otitis media checkbox was marked, we defined the participant as having an occurrence of otitis media. In our repeated cross-sectional design, the incidence of otitis media was fundamentally analyzed as a binary variable: the absence or presence of otitis media. Additionally, we estimated the number of times participants had answered affirmatively for otitis media during the two-year period (up to four times maximum) and used the cumulative number of otitis media episodes as the continuous variable for analyses. Frequency Of Yogurt Intake In Mothers And Children (Exposure Measure) Daily yogurt intake in mothers and infants was obtained in the first trimester and at one year of age using a follow-up questionnaire [ 29 , 30 ]. Mothers marked a question regarding the average frequency of daily intake for both themselves and their infants during the previous year, with the following possible responses: less than once per month, 1–3 times per month, 1–2 times per week, 3–4 times per week, 5–6 times per week, once per day, twice per day, and ≥ 3 times per day . The participants and their mothers were categorized into five groups: almost never (the reference group), 1–2 times per week, 3–4 times per week, 5–6 times per week, once per day or more. These groups were then included as an ordinal variable in analyses. Covariates The design of the questionnaire used in the survey has been previously described in detail [ 25 , 26 , 31 ]. In brief, sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle confounders in mother-infant dyads, which are associated with the incidence of childhood otitis media [ 3 , 5 ], were included in the analyses as covariates. The data retrieval was performed using medical transcription reports and self-administered questionnaires [ 32 – 34 ]. Participants were categorized into different groups based on the following variables: annual household income in Japanese yen (< 2 million, 2–4 million, 4–6 million, or ≥ 6 million yen); maternal educational level (junior or high school, junior college [technical or junior college], or university [university or graduate]); maternal smoking history (never, stopped smoking before or during pregnancy, currently smoking); alcohol intake (never, stopped drinking, or current drinker); prevalence of allergic diseases in their children (absence or presence [asthma, atopy, allergic conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and allergies to pollen and food]); the infant sex (male or female); partner’s childcare (presence [satisfied or somewhat satisfied] or absence [unsatisfied or somewhat unsatisfied]); and siblings (presence or absence). Additionally, birth weights were categorized into three groups: low (< 2,500 g), normal, and overweight (≥ 4,000 g). Statistical analysis Maternal age at delivery was summarized as median with interquartile range (IQR), and the gestational age at birth (weeks) in infants was reported as means and standard deviations (SD). Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages. With the “almost never” group as the reference, Poisson regression analyses using a generalized linear model with log functions including potential covariates were conducted in estimating the risk ratio of the incidence of otitis media in children, based on increases in daily yogurt intake in infants and mothers. In order to apply the missing data, we performed multiple imputation with the “missing at random” assumption and multivariate normal regression method in accordance with Rubin's rules [ 35 , 36 ]. Ten copies of the data with suitably imputed missing values were used in the statistical analyses. IBM SPSS Statistics software version 25.0 for Windows (IBM SPSS Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was used for data analyses. P values less than 0.05 were determined to be significantly different. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the incidence of otitis media. Infant sex and maternal age at delivery were used for adjusted analysis in Model 1. In addition, Model 2 included maternal variables, such as educational attainment, smoking, and drinking habits; infant factors, such as birth weight, feeding pattern, presence of siblings, and prevalence of congenital and/or allergic disease; partner support; and household income. Finally, Model 3 included the other habitual yogurt intake in mothers during pregnancy or infants at one year of age. Results The characteristics of each covariate in the participants (n = 95,380) are shown according to the incidence of otitis media at each age point in Table 1, and the cumulative number of otitis media episodes in the survey up to two years of age is presented in Online Resource 1. The incidence of infant otitis media at each age point showed a steady increase up to 18 months of age as a peak (19.7%) after birth, and then slightly reduced to 16.7% at 24 months of age. The incidence of otitis media up to two years of age was reported in 26,441 children (27.2%). Of these, 14,874 (15.6%) had recurrent episodes of otitis media, with occurrences of otitis media at multiple age points. The incidence of otitis media was higher in male children (29.1% vs. 26.2% in female children) and in children with siblings (29.0% vs. 24.0% in participants without siblings). As presented in Online Resource 1, the baseline characteristics of the participants based on the cumulative number of otitis media episodes at each age point tended to be similar to those presented in Table 1. The crude and adjusted RRs of the daily frequency of yogurt intake in infants and mothers and the incidence of childhood otitis media at each age point were calculated using multivariate linear regression analyses (Table 2 and Online Resource 2). Participants with the lowest frequency of yogurt intake, the “almost never group” (less than once a week), were used as the reference group. Lower RRs for the incidence of otitis media at each age point were noted in those with higher frequencies of yogurt intake in both children and mothers and in both the crude and adjusted models for all covariates. Regarding differences in occasional yogurt intake between prenatal and early childhood periods, RRs for the incidence of otitis media were consistently lower in childhood intake compared with maternal intake. Additionally, habitual yogurt intake was associated with reduced RRs for the incidence of otitis media at earlier ages compared with children that were older. The lowest RR for otitis media incidence was observed in the group with the most frequent yogurt intake (once per day or more) at six months of age (RR [95%CI] = 0.54 [0.46–0.63]). Lower RRs with higher yogurt intake frequencies were consistently observed, with the exception of the “1–2 times/week” group, where infant intake showed a slight increase in RRs for the incidence of otitis media between 12–24 months of age. Furthermore, we analyzed the association between daily frequency of yogurt intake with the cumulative incidence of otitis media in children, categorized by the cumulative incidence of otitis media during the four survey panel waves (Table 3). Compared with the reference group (“less than once a week”), increased frequency of yogurt intake in both infants and mothers was associated with decreased RRs for the cumulative number of otitis media episodes in children in the two years after birth, although the effects of maternal probiotics were minor (p for trend < 0.001). Additionally, the results of supplementary analyses of children with CL/P (n = 237), a well acknowledged condition with a higher susceptibility to recurrent otitis media, are shown in Online Resource 3 (baseline characteristics) and Table 4 (regression analyses). Compared with the incidence of otitis media in all participants (27.2%), a higher incidence rate (50.2%) was noted in children with CL/P. Of these children, 80 (33.8%) had recurrent episodes of otitis media. Although not statistically significant, the association of increased frequency of yogurt intake in children, but not in mothers, tended to be similar, with lower RRs for the cumulative number of otitis media episodes in early childhood (Table 4). Discussion The overall findings of this study that used nationwide data from a large-scale birth cohort study in Japan showed that an increased frequency of habitual yogurt intake in both children and mothers was associated with a lower incidence of otitis media in early childhood. The results of this study may provide valuable information on the use of probiotics as daily care for otitis media prevention, including in children with CL/P, which have a higher susceptibility to recurrent otitis media. The key finding of our study was consistent with Scott et al. [ 16 ], a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, that found that habitual probiotic use in both infancy and prenatal stages prevented childhood otitis media, particularly at earlier ages. Consistent probiotic supplementation provided increased benefits [ 37 ], and the incidence of otitis media in children decreased with higher frequencies of habitual yogurt intake in an additive relationship. However, higher RRs for otitis media incidence in the lower frequency group (1–2 times/week) were observed. Interestingly, probiotics tended to be less effective in preventing otitis media during the growth of the child. Moreover, although direct probiotic intake in infants consistently showed lower RRs for otitis media incidence compared with indirect probiotics from maternal intake, the association between higher frequencies of yogurt intake in mothers and lower RRs for childhood otitis media mostly remained significant when adjusting for the covariates of infant probiotic intake. As the naso-oropharyngeal microbiome is matured during the first two years of life after establishment, both prenatal and postnatal probiotics via maternal consumption may influence early development [ 17 , 18 , 21 ]. Thus, although a lack of evidence on the underlying mechanisms of prenatal probiotics in otitis media prevention exists, our results may show the potential benefits of indirect prenatal exposure to probiotics in decreasing the risk of otitis media in early childhood. To determine whether probiotics may be associated with higher incidence of otitis media in children with CL/P, we analyzed only participants with CL/P in a secondary analysis. A systematic review conducted by Scott et al. [ 16 ] reported that probiotics might not prevent the recurrence of otitis media in children. In our study, the cumulative number of otitis media episodes in children with CL/P decreased with higher frequencies of yogurt intake, although the difference was not statistically significant. As the presence of cleft palate is a key abnormality leading to higher risks of otitis media incidence [ 23 , 38 , 39 ], another subgroup analysis focusing on the presence of cleft palate was performed. Similar results were noted, which were similarly not statistically significant. This may have been due to fewer participants in this subgroup (data not shown). Further studies including more participants are warranted to determine the overall impacts or benefits of probiotics on the occurrence or reoccurrence of otitis media, as well as its influence on acoustic functions in children with CL/P. These studies may also include tympanic membrane findings (e.g., otoscopic examinations and tympanogram) and with functional hearing estimations by examination (e.g., conditional orientation audiometry and otoacoustic emissions). Our study had several limitations. First, limitations on data existed, particularly regarding clinical histories related to otitis media and CL/P (e.g., the differential diagnosis of otitis media and CL/P, tympanostomy tube placement in children with CL/P, and/or the use of antibiotics). Moreover, habits related to yogurt intake in children and mothers was assessed at one year of age and in the first trimester, respectively; however, the continuity of habits throughout the survey period remains unknown. Furthermore, as the benefits of probiotics in preventing otitis media is well known, the potential reverse causality caused by maternal health literacy regarding probiotics could not be ruled out. Reverse causality related to probiotic initiation after the occurrence of otitis media may result in an increase in RRs, due to increased numbers of participants with both otitis media occurrences and frequent intake of yogurt. Thus, our results, particularly among children with CL/P, may be strengthened when reverse causality exists. Meanwhile, in terms of a study strength the large-scale dataset used is from a nationwide birth cohort surveying almost half of all mother-infant pairs living in multiple regions of Japan between 2011–2014 [ 31 , 40 , 41 ]. Thus, the results, which encompass the general population of Japan, allowed us to categorize the detailed groups for the daily frequency of yogurt intake in mother-infant dyads and the cumulative number of otitis media episodes during a long-term follow-up period. Conclusion Higher frequencies of regular yogurt intake in both children and mothers was associated with a decrease in otitis media episodes in early childhood. Declarations Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available. Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to all of the JECS study participants and to the JECS staff members for conducting the procedure and helping with the data analysis. Author contribution Conceptualization: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Haruki Momma, Ryoukichi Ikeda, Jun Suzuki. Methodology: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Haruki Momma, Shinobu Tsuchiya. Formal analysis: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Haruki Momma. Writing— original draft preparation: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Kaoru Igarashi. Writing— review and editing: Shinobu Tsuchiya, Ryoukichi Ikeda, Jun Suzuki. Resources: Ryoichi Nagatomi, Takahiro Arima, Nobuo Yaegashi, Kaoru Igarashi, The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group. Funding The JECS is funded by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. The contents in this document are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. Data availability Data are unsuitable for public deposition due to ethical restrictions and the legal framework of Japan. It is prohibited by the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (Act No. 57 of 30 May 2003, amendment on 9 September 2015) to publicly deposit the data containing personal information. All inquiries about access to data should be sent to: [email protected] . Conflicts of interest No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate This cohort study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 (2008 revision). The JECS protocol has been published elsewhere and was approved by the Ministry of the Environment's Institutional Review Board on Epidemiological Studies (No. 100 406 001) and by the Ethics Committees of all participating institutions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. References Schilder AG, Chonmaitree T, Cripps AW, et al. (2016) Otitis media. 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(2021) Influence of maternal postpartum depression on children's toothbrushing frequency. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12672 Tables Table 1. Baseline characteristics of mother-infant pairs (n=95,380) participating in the JECS Incidence of otitis media in children at months of age, N(%) 6 12 18 24 Absence Presence Absence Presence Absence Presence Absence Presence 93,100 (97.6) 2,280 (2.4) 84,447 (88.5) 10,933 (11.5) 76,625 (80.3) 18,756 (19.7) 79,413 (83.3) 15,967 (16.7) Age at delivery, Median (IQR) (years) 31 (28, 35) 32 (28, 35) 31 (28, 35) 31 (28, 35) 31 (28, 35) 31 (28, 35) 31 (28, 35) 31 (28, 35) Gestational age at birth, mean (SD) (weeks) 38.8 (1.6) 38.9 (1.5) 38.8 (1.7) 38.8 (1.5) 38.7 (1.8) 38.8 (1.6) 38.7 (1.8) 38.7 (1.9) Infant's yogurt intake at 1 year of age Less than once a week 29,661 (97.4) 781 (2.6) 17,363 (87.7) 2,439 (12.3) 15,715 (79.4) 4,087 (20.6) 16,458 (83.1) 3,344 (16.9) 1 - 2 times/week 22,436 (97.4) 592 (2.6) 26,264 (87.1) 3,901 (12.9) 23,747 (78.7) 6,418 (21.3) 24,847 (82.4) 5,318 (17.6) 3 - 4 times/week 17,458 (97.7) 412 (2.3) 18,836 (89.0) 2,336 (11.0) 17,188 (81.2) 3,984 (18.8) 17,705 (83.6) 3,468 (16.4) 5 - 6 times/week 8,405 (97.9) 181 (2.1) 7,480 (89.6) 871 (10.4) 6,786 (81.3) 1,565 (18.7) 6,945 (83.2) 1,405 (16.8) Once/day or more 15,140 (98.0) 314 (2.0) 14,504 (91.3) 1,386 (8.7) 13,189 (83.0) 2,702 (17.0) 13,458 (84.7) 2,432 (15.3) Maternal yogurt intake during pregnancy Less than once a week 19,223 (97.1) 579 (2.9) 26,725 (87.8) 3,717 (12.2) 24,259 (79.7) 6,183 (20.3) 25,226 (82.9) 5,216 (17.1) 1 - 2 times/week 29,315 (97.2) 850 (2.8) 20,351 (88.4) 2,677 (11.6) 18,424 (80.0) 4,604 (20.0) 19,177 (83.3) 3,851 (16.7) 3 - 4 times/week 20,744 (98.0) 428 (2.0) 15,923 (89.1) 1,948 (10.9) 14,458 (80.9) 3,413 (19.1) 14,925 (83.5) 2,946 (16.5) 5 - 6 times/week 8,179 (97.9) 171 (2.1) 7,616 (88.7) 970 (11.3) 6,931 (80.7) 1,655 (19.3) 7,166 (83.5) 1,420 (16.5) Once/day or more 15,639 (98.4) 252 (1.6) 13,832 (89.5) 1,621 (10.5) 12,553 (81.2) 2,901 (18.8) 12,919 (83.6) 2,534 (16.4) Infant birth weight Normal 83,834 (97.6) 2,088 (2.4) 75,947 (88.4) 9,974 (11.6) 68,940 (80.2) 16,982 (19.8) 71,498 (83.2) 14,423 (16.8) Low 8,472 (98.1) 163 (1.9) 7,776 (90.0) 860 (10.0) 7,026 (81.4) 1,610 (18.6) 7,226 (83.7) 1,410 (16.3) High 794 (96.5) 29 (3.5) 724 (88.0) 99 (12.0) 659 (80.1) 164 (19.9) 689 (83.7) 134 (16.3) Infant sex Male 47,597 (97.4) 1,254 (2.6) 42,846 (87.7) 6,005 (12.3) 38,710 (79.2) 10,142 (20.8) 40,256 (82.4) 8,594 (17.6) Female 45,503 (97.8) 1,026 (2.2) 41,601 (89.4) 4,928 (10.6) 37,915 (81.5) 8,614 (18.5) 39,157 (84.2) 7,373 (15.8) Siblings Absence 23,754 (98.8) 299 (1.2) 22,189 (98.8) 1,865 (1.2) 20,046 (83.3) 4,008 (16.7) 20,320 (84.5) 3,734 (15.5) Presence 69,346 (97.2) 1,981 (2.8) 62,258 (97.2) 9,068 (2.8) 56,579 (79.3) 14,748 (20.7) 59,093 (82.8) 12,233 (17.2) Household income (million yen/year) <2 5,226 (97.4) 138 (2.6) 4,762 (88.8) 602 (11.2) 4,396 (81.9) 969 (18.1) 4,502 (83.9) 863 (16.1) 2 to <4 32,312 (97.6) 797 (2.4) 29,442 (88.9) 3,667 (11.1) 27,054 (81.7) 6,056 (18.3) 27,853 (84.1) 5,256 (15.9) 4 to <6 30,732 (97.5) 785 (2.5) 27,780 (88.1) 3,737 (11.9) 25,228 (80.0) 6,289 (20.0) 26,228 (83.2) 5,289 (16.8) ≥6 24,830 (97.8) 560 (2.2) 22,463 (88.5) 2,927 (11.5) 19,947 (78.6) 5,442 (21.4) 20,830 (82.0) 4,559 (18.0) Educational status High school or less 33,124 (97.5) 852 (2.5) 30,182 (88.8) 3,793 (11.2) 27,823 (81.9) 6,154 (18.1) 28,696 (84.5) 5,280 (15.5) Junior college 39,438 (97.6) 975 (2.4) 35,565 (88.0) 4,849 (12.0) 31,962 (79.1) 8,451 (20.9) 33,314 (82.4) 7,099 (17.6) University or higher 20,538 (97.8) 453 (2.2) 18,700 (89.1) 2,291 (10.9) 16,840 (80.2) 4,151 (19.8) 17,403 (82.9) 3,588 (17.1) Feeding pattern Mixed 60,605 (97.6) 1,490 (2.4) 54,547 (87.8) 7,549 (12.2) 49,357 (79.5) 12,738 (20.5) 51,434 (82.8) 10,662 (17.2) Breast 29850 (97.6) 725 (2.4) 27,475 (89.9) 3,100 (10.1) 25,005 (81.8) 5,571 (18.2) 25,648 (83.9) 4,927 (16.1) Artificial 2,645 (97.6) 65 (2.4) 2,425 (89.5) 284 (10.5) 2,263 (83.5) 447 (16.5) 2,331 (86.0) 378 (13.9) Smoking habit Never 54,785 (97.8) 1,258 (2.2) 49,847 (88.9) 6,196 (11.1) 45,141 (80.5) 10,903 (19.5) 46,822 (83.5) 9,221 (16.5) Stopped 34,205 (97.5) 893 (2.5) 30,908 (88.1) 4,190 (11.9) 28,108 (80.1) 6,990 (19.9) 29,085 (82.9) 6,013 (17.1) Smoking 4,110 (97.0) 129 (3.0) 3,692 (87.1) 547 (12.9) 3,376 (79.6) 863 (20.4) 3,506 (82.7) 733 (17.3) Alcohol intake Never 32,185 (97.5) 812 (2.5) 29,335 (88.9) 3,662 (11.1) 26,744 (88.9) 6,253 (11.1) 27,610 (83.7) 5,387 (16.3) Stopped 51,709 (97.7) 1,206 (2.3) 46,869 (88.6) 6,046 (11.4) 42,476 (88.6) 10,440 (11.4) 44,042 (83.2) 8,873 (16.8) Drinking 9,206 (97.2) 262 (2.8) 8,243 (87.1) 1,225 (12.9) 7,405 (87.1) 2,063 (12.9) 7,761 (82) 1,707 (18) Partner support Yes 86,409 (97.6) 2,110 (2.4) 78,345 (88.5) 10,174 (11.5) 71,078 (80.3) 17,441 (19.7) 73,659 (83.2) 14,860 (16.8) No 6,691 (97.5) 170 (2.5) 6,102 (88.9) 759 (11.1) 5,547 (80.8) 1,315 (19.2) 5,754 (83.9) 1,107 (16.1) Infant's congenital disease Absence 84,806 (97.6) 2,054 (2.4) 76,933 (88.6) 9,927 (11.4) 69,827 (80.4) 17,034 (19.6) 72,393 (83.3) 14,467 (16.7) Presence 8,294 (97.3) 226 (2.7) 7,514 (88.2) 1,006 (11.8) 6,798 (79.8) 1,722 (20.2) 7,020 (82.4) 1,500 (17.6) History of infant's allergic disease Absence 82,085 (97.8) 1,822 (2.2) 74,775 (89.1) 9,132 (10.9) 67,864 (80.9) 16,044 (19.1) 70,251 (83.7) 13,656 (16.3) Presence 11,015 (96.0) 458 (4.0) 9,672 (84.3) 1,801 (15.7) 8,761 (76.4) 2,712 (23.6) 9,162 (79.9) 2,311 (20.1) Abbreviations: JECS = Japan Environment and Children’s Study; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation. Table 2. Association of habitual yogurt intake with child’s otitis media at each age point 6 months N (%) Crude p value Model 1 a p value Model 2 b p value Model 3 c p value Infant's intake at 1 year of age Less than once a week 19,802 (20.8) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1 - 2 times/week 30,165 (31.6) 0.96 (0.86-1.08) 0.505 0.97 (0.87-1.08) 0.577 1.01 (0.90-1.13) 0.831 1.01 (0.91-1.14) 0.811 3 - 4 times/week 21,172 (22.2) 0.69 (0.61-0.79) <0.001 0.69 (0.61-0.79) <0.001 0.76 (0.67-0.86) <0.001 0.76 (0.67-0.87) <0.001 5 - 6 times/week 8,350 (8.7) 0.70 (0.58-0.85) <0.001 0.70 (0.58-0.85) <0.001 0.78 (0.65-0.94) 0.010 0.79 (0.65-0.96) 0.016 Once/day or more 15,891 (16.7) 0.54 (0.46-0.63) <0.001 0.54 (0.46-0.63) <0.001 0.62 (0.53-0.72) <0.001 0.63 (0.54-0.74) <0.001 p for trend 0.85 (0.82-0.88) <0.001 0.85 (0.82-0.88) <0.001 0.88 (0.85-0.91) <0.001 0.89 (0.85-0.92) <0.001 Maternal intake during pregnancy Less than once a week 30,442 (31.9) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1 - 2 times/week 23,028 (24.1) 1.00 (0.90-1.12) 0.962 0.99 (0.89-1.11) 0.920 1.01 (0.91-1.13) 0.814 1.03 (0.92-1.15) 0.578 3 - 4 times/week 17,871 (18.7) 0.90 (0.80-1.02) 0.087 0.89 (0.79-1.01) 0.059 0.93 (0.82-1.05) 0.236 0.97 (0.85-1.09) 0.577 5 - 6 times/week 8,586 (9.0) 0.82 (0.70-0.97) 0.019 0.81 (0.69-0.96) 0.012 0.86 (0.73-1.02) 0.074 0.91 (0.77-1.07) 0.256 Once/day or more 15,454 (16.2) 0.79 (0.69-0.90) 0.001 0.77 (0.68-0.89) <0.001 0.83 (0.73-0.95) 0.007 0.90 (0.79-1.03) 0.133 p for trend 0.94 (0.91-0.97) <0.001 0.93 (0.91-0.96) <0.001 0.95 (0.92-0.98) 0.001 0.97 (0.94-1.00) 0.054 24 months Infant's intake at 1 year of age Less than once a week 19,802 (20.8) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1 - 2 times/week 30,165 (31.6) 1.04 (1.00-1.09) 0.059 1.05 (1.00-1.09) 0.048 1.06 (1.01-1.11) 0.009 1.06 (1.02-1.11) 0.006 3 - 4 times/week 21,172 (22.2) 0.97 (0.92-1.02) 0.225 0.97 (0.92-1.02) 0.250 0.99 (0.94-1.04) 0.597 0.99 (0.94-1.04) 0.771 5 - 6 times/week 8,350 (8.7) 1.00 (0.93-1.07) 0.912 1.00 (0.93-1.07) 0.934 1.01 (0.94-1.08) 0.845 1.01 (0.95-1.08) 0.691 Once/day or more 15,891 (16.7) 0.91 (0.86-0.96) <0.001 0.91 (0.86-0.96) <0.001 0.92 (0.87-0.97) 0.003 0.93 (0.88-0.98) 0.007 p for trend 0.97 (0.96-0.99) <0.001 0.97 (0.96-0.99) <0.001 0.98 (0.96-0.99) <0.001 0.98 (0.97-0.99) <0.001 Maternal intake during pregnancy Less than once a week 30,442 (31.9) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1 - 2 times/week 23,028 (24.1) 0.98 (0.93-1.02) 0.299 0.98 (0.93-1.02) 0.296 0.97 (0.92-1.01) 0.145 0.97 (0.92-1.01) 0.148 3 - 4 times/week 17,871 (18.7) 0.96 (0.92-1.01) 0.099 0.96 (0.92-1.01) 0.107 0.95 (0.91-1.00) 0.041 0.96 (0.91-1.00) 0.064 5 - 6 times/week 8,586 (9.0) 0.97 (0.91-1.03) 0.253 0.97 (0.91-1.03) 0.257 0.95 (0.89-1.01) 0.105 0.96 (0.90-1.02) 0.172 Once/day or more 15,454 (16.2) 0.96 (0.91-1.00) 0.073 0.96 (0.91-1.01) 0.083 0.95 (0.90-0.99) 0.028 0.96 (0.92-1.01) 0.127 p for trend 0.99 (0.98-1.00) 0.052 0.99 (0.98-1.00) 0.060 0.99 (0.98-1.00) 0.017 0.99 (0.98-1.00) 0.082 Risk ratio (95% confidence interval) (all such values). a Adjusted for maternal age and infant's sex. b Additionally adjusted for maternal (educational status and smoking and drinking habit) and infant factors (birth weight, feeding pattern, presence of siblings, and prevalence of congenital and/or allergic disease), partner support, household income with Model 1. c Additionally adjusted for the other probiotics intake in children or in mothers with Model 2. Table 3. Association of habitual yogurt intake with the cumulative incidence of childhood otitis media N (%) Crude p value Model 1 a p value Model 2 b p value Model 3 c p value Infant's intake at 1 year of age Less than once a week 19,802 (20.8) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1 - 2 times/week 30,165 (31.6) 1.04 (1.01-1.06) 0.010 1.04 (1.01-1.07) 0.005 1.05 (1.03-1.08) <0.001 1.06 (1.03-1.09) <0.001 3 - 4 times/week 21,172 (22.2) 0.92 (0.89-0.94) <0.001 0.92 (0.89-0.95) <0.001 0.94 (0.91-0.97) <0.001 0.95 (0.92-0.98) <0.001 5 - 6 times/week 8,350 (8.7) 0.91 (0.88-0.95) <0.001 0.91 (0.88-0.95) <0.001 0.93 (0.89-0.97) 0.002 0.94 (0.90-0.98) 0.006 Once/day or more 15,891 (16.7) 0.81 (0.79-0.84) <0.001 0.81 (0.79-0.84) <0.001 0.84 (0.81-0.87) <0.001 0.85 (0.82-0.87) <0.001 p for trend 0.95 (0.94-0.95) <0.001 0.94 (0.94-0.95) <0.001 0.95 (0.94-0.96) <0.001 0.95 (0.95-0.96) <0.001 Maternal intake during pregnancy Less than once a week 30,442 (31.9) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1 - 2 times/week 23,028 (24.1) 0.97 (0.95-1.00) 0.057 0.97 (0.95-1.00) 0.036 0.96 (0.94-0.99) 0.008 0.97 (0.94-0.99) 0.018 3 - 4 times/week 17,871 (18.7) 0.94 (0.91-0.96) <0.001 0.93 (0.91-0.96) <0.001 0.93 (0.90-0.96) <0.001 0.94 (0.91-0.97) <0.001 5 - 6 times/week 8,586 (9.0) 0.94 (0.91-0.98) 0.001 0.94 (0.91-0.97) <0.001 0.93 (0.90-0.97) <0.001 0.95 (0.92-0.99) 0.006 Once/day or more 15,454 (16.2) 0.92 (0.89-0.94) <0.001 0.91 (0.89-0.94) <0.001 0.91 (0.89-0.94) <0.001 0.94 (0.91-0.97) <0.001 p for trend 0.98 (0.97-0.99) <0.001 0.98 (0.97-0.98) <0.001 0.98 (0.97-0.98) <0.001 0.98 (0.98-0.99) <0.001 Risk ratio (95% confidence interval) (all such values). a Adjusted for maternal age and infant's sex. b Additionally adjusted for maternal (educational status and smoking and drinking habit) and infant factors (birth weight, feeding pattern, presence of siblings, and prevalence of congenital and/or allergic disease), partner support, household income with Model 1. c Additionally adjusted for the other yogurt intake in children or in mothers with Model 2. Table 4. Association of habitual yogurt intake with the cumulative incidence of otitis media in children with CL/P N (%) Crude p value Model 1 a p value Model 2 b p value Model 3 c p value Infant's intake at 1 year of age Less than once a week 46 (19.2) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1 - 2 times/week 32 (13.7) 0.91 (0.62-1.33) 0.633 0.90 (0.62-1.33) 0.609 0.82 (0.55-1.22) 0.325 0.81 (0.54-1.23) 0.329 3 - 4 times/week 50 (21.1) 0.87 (0.58-1.29) 0.478 0.87 (0.58-1.29) 0.481 0.83 (0.55-1.25) 0.369 0.85 (0.55-1.29) 0.441 5 - 6 times/week 64 (27.0) 0.73 (0.45-1.18) 0.201 0.74 (0.46-1.19) 0.212 0.74 (0.45-1.22) 0.240 0.74 (0.45-1.24) 0.254 Once/day or more 45 (19.0) 0.78 (0.51-1.17) 0.226 0.77 (0.51-1.16) 0.213 0.68 (0.45-1.05) 0.081 0.69 (0.45-1.06) 0.092 p for trend 0.93 (0.85-1.02) 0.140 0.93 (0.85-1.02) 0.140 0.92 (0.83-1.01) 0.082 0.92 (0.83-1.01) 0.082 Maternal intake during pregnancy Less than once a week 38 (15.9) Ref Ref Ref Ref 1 - 2 times/week 33 (14.1) 1.27 (0.87-1.86) 0.216 1.28 (0.88-1.88) 0.198 1.18 (0.80-1.73) 0.406 1.16 (0.79-1.72) 0.445 3 - 4 times/week 45 (18.8) 1.06 (0.72-1.57) 0.770 1.07 (0.72-1.59) 0.734 0.91 (0.61-1.37) 0.662 0.93 (0.61-1.42) 0.740 5 - 6 times/week 46 (19.4) 1.19 (0.78-1.80) 0.423 1.18 (0.78-1.80) 0.428 1.02 (0.66-1.57) 0.946 1.02 (0.65-1.61) 0.916 Once/day or more 75 (31.7) 1.14 (0.76-1.72) 0.522 1.18 (0.78-1.77) 0.438 1.07 (0.70-1.64) 0.750 1.12 (0.72-1.73) 0.627 p for trend 1.03 (0.94-1.12) 0.577 1.03 (0.94-1.13) 0.511 1.00 (0.90-1.10) 0.947 1.00 (0.91-1.10) 0.971 Abbreviation: CL/P = cleft lip and/or palate. Risk ratio (95% confidence interval) (all such values). a Adjusted for maternal age and infant's sex. b Additionally adjusted for maternal (educational status and smoking and drinking habit) and infant factors (birth weight, feeding pattern, presence of siblings, and prevalence of congenital and/or allergic disease), partner support, household income with Model 1. c Additionally adjusted for the other daily frequency of yogurt intake in children or in mothers with Model 2. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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Tsuchiya","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACZgYDEMXDzPABSELEeHAr54FrYeNhZpxBvBYGiBZmPAoRwJ7/jOHngoLD8gzyvYeNbdu2yZgzMD/8wCBzB7ctEjnG0jMMDhs2sPElJ+e23eaxbGAzlmDgeYZHC48ZM4/BYcb9x3iMD4O0GBxgMAOKH8athf8MWIt9AxtQiyVYC/s3/FoYcsBaEkFakhnBWngI2HIjrViaxyA9uYEtx9iw5xxQy2GeYokEPH5h7z+88TPPH2vbBuYzxhI/ym7bGxxv3/jhYw/uEIOCZiQ2KJoSew4Q0lKHLvCDoJZRMApGwSgYOQAAec9HB3ozzEAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku Fukushi University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Masahiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsuchiya","suffix":""},{"id":145624821,"identity":"a8c99722-2e21-4595-83d3-d2bb669de158","order_by":1,"name":"Shinobu Tsuchiya","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shinobu","middleName":"","lastName":"Tsuchiya","suffix":""},{"id":145624825,"identity":"367bcf1c-3dda-49d0-af08-aef2db2ee6cc","order_by":2,"name":"Haruki Momma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haruki","middleName":"","lastName":"Momma","suffix":""},{"id":145624829,"identity":"cb582fea-6530-48ed-9004-b5a4c1556939","order_by":3,"name":"Ryoukichi Ikeda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Iwate Medical School of University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ryoukichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Ikeda","suffix":""},{"id":145624833,"identity":"a9db8fbb-e9d0-4cbe-8f55-abcf97bf2d64","order_by":4,"name":"Jun Suzuki","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jun","middleName":"","lastName":"Suzuki","suffix":""},{"id":145624836,"identity":"e17cd6d4-80b4-40a9-9043-61957500cc3c","order_by":5,"name":"Ryoichi Nagatomi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ryoichi","middleName":"","lastName":"Nagatomi","suffix":""},{"id":145624840,"identity":"08a07842-9e4e-41af-b764-2c998f6bc5f2","order_by":6,"name":"Nobuo Yaegashi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nobuo","middleName":"","lastName":"Yaegashi","suffix":""},{"id":145624841,"identity":"73b6657e-d070-4cfe-9c31-c673366aeaff","order_by":7,"name":"Takahiro Arima","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takahiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Arima","suffix":""},{"id":145624843,"identity":"f5926adb-a52a-4e65-9f43-bc934554bc3a","order_by":8,"name":"Kaoru Igarashi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tohoku University Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kaoru","middleName":"","lastName":"Igarashi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-10-17 21:44:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2176558/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2176558/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-023-10086-2","type":"published","date":"2023-05-17T20:50:51+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":28240209,"identity":"12524acf-cf5d-4c00-9386-d2a484a9c898","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-25 17:42:40","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":41648,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFlow chart of the study participants.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig.1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2176558/v1/e081ea3c6401bb1034c70d33.png"},{"id":44729003,"identity":"cfedeab1-d232-4b4d-a6e8-d4ad452c664e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-16 21:10:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":603348,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2176558/v1/2fd58ba9-dfa0-423e-b427-0ba6ae1d4f7a.pdf"},{"id":28240213,"identity":"0808b52a-1136-442b-b394-f8f2d498c8e8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-25 17:42:40","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":48024,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineResource1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2176558/v1/5e9e5ec77d244b226756d6a9.docx"},{"id":28240212,"identity":"a884d724-74cd-4682-adca-b5a375aba9f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-25 17:42:40","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":54439,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineResource2.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2176558/v1/2db9c31d764eca7ea1358157.docx"},{"id":28240211,"identity":"9094a9b1-7b88-48d4-88aa-1f17f90d6cb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-25 17:42:40","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":47175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"OnlineResource3.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2176558/v1/1fca75692a488181a1ec0848.docx"},{"id":28240210,"identity":"83556f95-75ce-4277-b7d7-cfa8f15ff199","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-25 17:42:40","extension":"docx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":22294,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Appendix.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2176558/v1/12267e58cf0166c7c5cd92e4.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Impact of habitual yogurt intake in mother-child dyads on incidence of childhood otitis media: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eOtitis media encompasses a spectrum of diseases related to inflammation in the middle ear, including acute otitis media, otitis media with effusion, and chronic suppurative otitis media [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The condition is one of the most common diseases of childhood, with more than half of children experiencing it at least once before three years of age [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, Wald et al. [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e] reported that infants with a first episode of otitis media early in life (aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;12 months) are more susceptible to recurrent otitis media. Without proper treatment and care, sequelae and complications related to hearing function, speech, and language skills may occur [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Based on international guidelines, the first-line management of otitis media, particularly acute infections, is adequate analgesia and antibiotic therapy [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. However, frequent use of antibiotics in infants results in both the emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] and the disturbance of naso-oropharyngeal microbiota [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. As viral upper respiratory infections often lead to otitis media via the Eustachian tube, the naso-oropharyngeal microbiota, responsible for modulating the mucosal immune system, is a key factor in the occurrence of otitis media [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, due to the ease of use and the increased benefits to the naso-oropharyngeal microbiota, daily probiotics, traditionally found in dairy-based products such as yogurt, may be used in the prevention of otitis media.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to WHO [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e], probiotics are live micro-organisms that confer health benefits to individuals when taken in adequate amounts. The use of probiotics has become more popular as increasing scientific evidence emerges showing their wide-ranging health benefits. For instance, in a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Scott et al. [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e] found that probiotic use prevented acute otitis media in young children (an approximately 30% reduction), though their use had no effect in the prevention of recurrent otitis media. The naso-oropharyngeal microbiota in infants is initially transferred between mothers and infants perinatally, which then dramatically increases during the first few years of life [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Considering health conditions and social circumstances, the use of probiotics in infants may be a primary prevention method with a proof of concept in supporting healthy naso-oropharyngeal microbiota development [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, WHO [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e] states that the appropriate age for complementary feeding of probiotics is 6\u0026ndash;23 months of age. Interestingly, in addition to recent evidence supporting the idea that human microbiota begin colonizing in fetuses [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e], well-designed randomized controlled trials have also found health benefits in children whose mothers received probiotic supplementation during pregnancy [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Although maternal probiotics may significantly influence fetal microbiota prior to birth, the impact of prenatal probiotics on the incidence of otitis media in children remains unknown.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, this study examined the impact of probiotics on the incidence of otitis media in children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), a birth defect with highest susceptibility to recurrent otitis media [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Probiotics have been thoroughly examined for the prevention of childhood otitis media [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]; however, the potential benefits in children with CL/P remain unclear. The dataset from the Japan Environment and Children\u0026rsquo;s Study (JECS), a nationwide prospective survey of children\u0026rsquo;s health in Japan, consists of the health status and sociodemographic characteristics of mother-child dyads, including information on habitual yogurt intake and incidence of otitis media in approximately 100,000 mother-child pairs as well as in children with CL/P [\u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. In using this data, we aimed to conduct a secondary analysis to determine whether habitual yogurt intake in mothers or children impacted the incidence of otitis media in both the entire population and in children with CL/P.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy Design And Participants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study relied on the \u0026ldquo;jecs-ta-20190930-qsn\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;jecs-qa-20210401\u0026rdquo; datasets, the details of which are published elsewhere [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR26 CR27\" citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. In brief, the JECS study recruited pregnant women during their first prenatal examination between January 2011 and March 2014. Of 104,059 fetuses enrolled from 15 regional centers in Japan, 3,759 were pregnancy and infant losses, or untraceable, and 4,920 participants\u0026rsquo; mothers did not respond to the all four questionnaire related to the incidence of otitis media in infants. After excluding the above fetuses and infants from the analysis, the total sample comprised 95,380 children (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData related to CL/P and other congenital anomalies were ascertained from medical records and transcription forms, which were confirmed by doctors, midwives, nurses, or trained research coordinators. The details of data processing, validation, and verification with regards to congenital anomalies have been previously described [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Using the fixed JECS dataset, 237 cases with CL/P were included in our analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eIncidence Of Otitis Media (Outcome Measure)\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Heading\"\u003eIncidence of otitis media (outcome measure)\u003c/div\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe incidence of otitis media in early childhood was determined from semiannual mailed questionnaires from 6\u0026ndash;24 months after delivery. Parents or caregivers of the participants were asked the following question: \u0026ldquo;Has your child ever been diagnosed with the following diseases by a doctor in the last 6 months (since the last survey)?\u0026rdquo; There was a checkbox for \u0026ldquo;otitis media\u0026rdquo; in the section on various childhood diseases. At each age point, if the otitis media checkbox was marked, we defined the participant as having an occurrence of otitis media. In our repeated cross-sectional design, the incidence of otitis media was fundamentally analyzed as a binary variable: the absence or presence of otitis media. Additionally, we estimated the number of times participants had answered affirmatively for otitis media during the two-year period (up to four times maximum) and used the cumulative number of otitis media episodes as the continuous variable for analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFrequency Of Yogurt Intake In Mothers And Children (Exposure Measure)\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDaily yogurt intake in mothers and infants was obtained in the first trimester and at one year of age using a follow-up questionnaire [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Mothers marked a question regarding the average frequency of daily intake for both themselves and their infants during the previous year, with the following possible responses: \u003cem\u003eless than once per month, 1\u0026ndash;3 times per month, 1\u0026ndash;2 times per week, 3\u0026ndash;4 times per week, 5\u0026ndash;6 times per week, once per day, twice per day, and \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 times per day\u003c/em\u003e. The participants and their mothers were categorized into five groups: almost never (the reference group), 1\u0026ndash;2 times per week, 3\u0026ndash;4 times per week, 5\u0026ndash;6 times per week, once per day or more. These groups were then included as an ordinal variable in analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eCovariates\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe design of the questionnaire used in the survey has been previously described in detail [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. In brief, sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle confounders in mother-infant dyads, which are associated with the incidence of childhood otitis media [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], were included in the analyses as covariates. The data retrieval was performed using medical transcription reports and self-administered questionnaires [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR33\" citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants were categorized into different groups based on the following variables: annual household income in Japanese yen (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2\u0026nbsp;million, 2\u0026ndash;4\u0026nbsp;million, 4\u0026ndash;6\u0026nbsp;million, or \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;6\u0026nbsp;million yen); maternal educational level (junior or high school, junior college [technical or junior college], or university [university or graduate]); maternal smoking history (never, stopped smoking before or during pregnancy, currently smoking); alcohol intake (never, stopped drinking, or current drinker); prevalence of allergic diseases in their children (absence or presence [asthma, atopy, allergic conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and allergies to pollen and food]); the infant sex (male or female); partner\u0026rsquo;s childcare (presence [satisfied or somewhat satisfied] or absence [unsatisfied or somewhat unsatisfied]); and siblings (presence or absence). Additionally, birth weights were categorized into three groups: low (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;2,500 g), normal, and overweight (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;4,000 g).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaternal age at delivery was summarized as median with interquartile range (IQR), and the gestational age at birth (weeks) in infants was reported as means and standard deviations (SD). Categorical variables were presented as numbers and percentages.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith the \u0026ldquo;almost never\u0026rdquo; group as the reference, Poisson regression analyses using a generalized linear model with log functions including potential covariates were conducted in estimating the risk ratio of the incidence of otitis media in children, based on increases in daily yogurt intake in infants and mothers. In order to apply the missing data, we performed multiple imputation with the \u0026ldquo;missing at random\u0026rdquo; assumption and multivariate normal regression method in accordance with Rubin's rules [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. Ten copies of the data with suitably imputed missing values were used in the statistical analyses. IBM SPSS Statistics software version 25.0 for Windows (IBM SPSS Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was used for data analyses. P values less than 0.05 were determined to be significantly different.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the incidence of otitis media. Infant sex and maternal age at delivery were used for adjusted analysis in Model 1. In addition, Model 2 included maternal variables, such as educational attainment, smoking, and drinking habits; infant factors, such as birth weight, feeding pattern, presence of siblings, and prevalence of congenital and/or allergic disease; partner support; and household income. Finally, Model 3 included the other habitual yogurt intake in mothers during pregnancy or infants at one year of age.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe characteristics of each covariate in the participants (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;95,380) are shown according to the incidence of otitis media at each age point in Table\u0026nbsp;1, and the cumulative number of otitis media episodes in the survey up to two years of age is presented in Online Resource 1. The incidence of infant otitis media at each age point showed a steady increase up to 18 months of age as a peak (19.7%) after birth, and then slightly reduced to 16.7% at 24 months of age. The incidence of otitis media up to two years of age was reported in 26,441 children (27.2%). Of these, 14,874 (15.6%) had recurrent episodes of otitis media, with occurrences of otitis media at multiple age points. The incidence of otitis media was higher in male children (29.1% vs. 26.2% in female children) and in children with siblings (29.0% vs. 24.0% in participants without siblings). As presented in Online Resource 1, the baseline characteristics of the participants based on the cumulative number of otitis media episodes at each age point tended to be similar to those presented in Table\u0026nbsp;1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe crude and adjusted RRs of the daily frequency of yogurt intake in infants and mothers and the incidence of childhood otitis media at each age point were calculated using multivariate linear regression analyses (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e and Online Resource 2). Participants with the lowest frequency of yogurt intake, the \u0026ldquo;almost never group\u0026rdquo; (less than once a week), were used as the reference group. Lower RRs for the incidence of otitis media at each age point were noted in those with higher frequencies of yogurt intake in both children and mothers and in both the crude and adjusted models for all covariates. Regarding differences in occasional yogurt intake between prenatal and early childhood periods, RRs for the incidence of otitis media were consistently lower in childhood intake compared with maternal intake. Additionally, habitual yogurt intake was associated with reduced RRs for the incidence of otitis media at earlier ages compared with children that were older. The lowest RR for otitis media incidence was observed in the group with the most frequent yogurt intake (once per day or more) at six months of age (RR [95%CI]\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.54 [0.46\u0026ndash;0.63]). Lower RRs with higher yogurt intake frequencies were consistently observed, with the exception of the \u0026ldquo;1\u0026ndash;2 times/week\u0026rdquo; group, where infant intake showed a slight increase in RRs for the incidence of otitis media between 12\u0026ndash;24 months of age.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, we analyzed the association between daily frequency of yogurt intake with the cumulative incidence of otitis media in children, categorized by the cumulative incidence of otitis media during the four survey panel waves (Table\u0026nbsp;3). Compared with the reference group (\u0026ldquo;less than once a week\u0026rdquo;), increased frequency of yogurt intake in both infants and mothers was associated with decreased RRs for the cumulative number of otitis media episodes in children in the two years after birth, although the effects of maternal probiotics were minor (p for trend\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, the results of supplementary analyses of children with CL/P (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;237), a well acknowledged condition with a higher susceptibility to recurrent otitis media, are shown in Online Resource 3 (baseline characteristics) and Table\u0026nbsp;4 (regression analyses). Compared with the incidence of otitis media in all participants (27.2%), a higher incidence rate (50.2%) was noted in children with CL/P. Of these children, 80 (33.8%) had recurrent episodes of otitis media. Although not statistically significant, the association of increased frequency of yogurt intake in children, but not in mothers, tended to be similar, with lower RRs for the cumulative number of otitis media episodes in early childhood (Table\u0026nbsp;4).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe overall findings of this study that used nationwide data from a large-scale birth cohort study in Japan showed that an increased frequency of habitual yogurt intake in both children and mothers was associated with a lower incidence of otitis media in early childhood. The results of this study may provide valuable information on the use of probiotics as daily care for otitis media prevention, including in children with CL/P, which have a higher susceptibility to recurrent otitis media.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe key finding of our study was consistent with Scott et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e], a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, that found that habitual probiotic use in both infancy and prenatal stages prevented childhood otitis media, particularly at earlier ages. Consistent probiotic supplementation provided increased benefits [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e], and the incidence of otitis media in children decreased with higher frequencies of habitual yogurt intake in an additive relationship. However, higher RRs for otitis media incidence in the lower frequency group (1\u0026ndash;2 times/week) were observed. Interestingly, probiotics tended to be less effective in preventing otitis media during the growth of the child. Moreover, although direct probiotic intake in infants consistently showed lower RRs for otitis media incidence compared with indirect probiotics from maternal intake, the association between higher frequencies of yogurt intake in mothers and lower RRs for childhood otitis media mostly remained significant when adjusting for the covariates of infant probiotic intake. As the naso-oropharyngeal microbiome is matured during the first two years of life after establishment, both prenatal and postnatal probiotics via maternal consumption may influence early development [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, although a lack of evidence on the underlying mechanisms of prenatal probiotics in otitis media prevention exists, our results may show the potential benefits of indirect prenatal exposure to probiotics in decreasing the risk of otitis media in early childhood.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo determine whether probiotics may be associated with higher incidence of otitis media in children with CL/P, we analyzed only participants with CL/P in a secondary analysis. A systematic review conducted by Scott et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e] reported that probiotics might not prevent the recurrence of otitis media in children. In our study, the cumulative number of otitis media episodes in children with CL/P decreased with higher frequencies of yogurt intake, although the difference was not statistically significant. As the presence of cleft palate is a key abnormality leading to higher risks of otitis media incidence [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e], another subgroup analysis focusing on the presence of cleft palate was performed. Similar results were noted, which were similarly not statistically significant. This may have been due to fewer participants in this subgroup (data not shown). Further studies including more participants are warranted to determine the overall impacts or benefits of probiotics on the occurrence or reoccurrence of otitis media, as well as its influence on acoustic functions in children with CL/P. These studies may also include tympanic membrane findings (e.g., otoscopic examinations and tympanogram) and with functional hearing estimations by examination (e.g., conditional orientation audiometry and otoacoustic emissions).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study had several limitations. First, limitations on data existed, particularly regarding clinical histories related to otitis media and CL/P (e.g., the differential diagnosis of otitis media and CL/P, tympanostomy tube placement in children with CL/P, and/or the use of antibiotics). Moreover, habits related to yogurt intake in children and mothers was assessed at one year of age and in the first trimester, respectively; however, the continuity of habits throughout the survey period remains unknown. Furthermore, as the benefits of probiotics in preventing otitis media is well known, the potential reverse causality caused by maternal health literacy regarding probiotics could not be ruled out. Reverse causality related to probiotic initiation after the occurrence of otitis media may result in an increase in RRs, due to increased numbers of participants with both otitis media occurrences and frequent intake of yogurt. Thus, our results, particularly among children with CL/P, may be strengthened when reverse causality exists. Meanwhile, in terms of a study strength the large-scale dataset used is from a nationwide birth cohort surveying almost half of all mother-infant pairs living in multiple regions of Japan between 2011\u0026ndash;2014 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, the results, which encompass the general population of Japan, allowed us to categorize the detailed groups for the daily frequency of yogurt intake in mother-infant dyads and the cumulative number of otitis media episodes during a long-term follow-up period.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eHigher frequencies of regular yogurt intake in both children and mothers was associated with a decrease in otitis media episodes in early childhood.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Information\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe online version contains supplementary material available.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to express our gratitude to all of the JECS study participants and to the JECS staff members for conducting the procedure and helping with the data analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contribution\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConceptualization: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Haruki Momma, Ryoukichi Ikeda, Jun Suzuki. Methodology: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Haruki Momma, Shinobu Tsuchiya. Formal analysis: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Haruki Momma. Writing\u0026mdash; original draft preparation: Masahiro Tsuchiya, Kaoru Igarashi. Writing\u0026mdash; review and editing: Shinobu Tsuchiya, Ryoukichi Ikeda, Jun Suzuki. Resources: Ryoichi Nagatomi, Takahiro Arima, Nobuo Yaegashi, Kaoru Igarashi, The Japan Environment and Children\u0026rsquo;s Study Group.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe JECS is funded by the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. The contents in this document are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData are unsuitable for public deposition due to ethical restrictions and the legal framework of Japan. It is prohibited by the Act on the Protection of Personal Information (Act No. 57 of 30 May 2003, amendment on 9 September 2015) to publicly deposit the data containing personal information. All inquiries about access to data should be sent to: [email protected].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eEthics Approval and Consent to Participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis cohort study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975 (2008 revision). The JECS protocol has been published elsewhere and was approved by the Ministry of the Environment\u0026apos;s Institutional Review Board on Epidemiological Studies (No. 100 406 001) and by the Ethics Committees of all participating institutions. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSchilder AG, Chonmaitree T, Cripps AW, et al. (2016) Otitis media. 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PLoS Med\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e15(2):e1002507. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002507\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJorgensen LD, Willadsen E. (2020) Longitudinal study of the development of obstruent correctness from ages 3 to 5 years in 108 Danish children with unilateral cleft lip and palate: a sub-study within a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Int J Lang Commun Disord\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e55(1):121-135. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.12508\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGrewal JS, Cohn JE, Burdett J, et al. (2022) Otitis Media and Hearing Loss in Patients With Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis: A Multicenter Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e59(5):652-658. https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656211017795\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMichikawa T, Nitta H, Nakayama SF, et al. (2018) Baseline Profile of Participants in the Japan Environment and Children\u0026apos;s Study (JECS). 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(2021) Influence of infants\u0026apos; feeding patterns and duration on mothers\u0026apos; postpartum depression: A nationwide birth cohort -The Japan Environment and Children\u0026apos;s Study (JECS). J Affect Disord\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e285(152-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.011\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMitsuda N, J-P NA, Hosokawa T, et al. (2022) Breastfeeding and risk of febrile seizures in the first 3 years of life: The Japan Environment and Children\u0026apos;s Study. Brain Dev\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e44(3):203-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2021.10.008\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKojima R, Shinohara R, Kushima M, et al. (2022) Prenatal occupational disinfectant exposure and childhood allergies: the Japan Environment and Children\u0026apos;s study. Occup Environ Med. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-108034\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCummings P. (2013) Missing data and multiple imputation. JAMA Pediatr\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e167(7):656-661. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.1329\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRubin DB, Schenker N. (1991) Multiple imputation in health-care databases: an overview and some applications. Stat Med\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e10(4):585-598. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780100410\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHai NV. (2015) The use of probiotics in aquaculture. J Appl Microbiol\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e119(4):917-935. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.12886\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAniansson G, Svensson H, Becker M, Ingvarsson L. (2002) Otitis media and feeding with breast milk of children with cleft palate. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e36(1):9-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/028443102753478318\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlynn T, Moller C, Lohmander A, Magnusson L. (2012) Hearing and otitis media with effusion in young adults with cleft lip and palate. Acta Otolaryngol\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e132(9):959-966. https://doi.org/10.3109/00016489.2012.669497\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMichikawa T, Nitta H, Nakayama SF, et al. (2018) Baseline Profile of Participants in the Japan Environment and Children\u0026apos;s Study (JECS). J Epidemiol\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003e28(2):99-104. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20170018\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTsuchiya S, Tsuchiya M, Momma H, et al. (2021) Influence of maternal postpartum depression on children\u0026apos;s toothbrushing frequency. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12672\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1. Baseline characteristics of mother-infant pairs (n=95,380) participating in the JECS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"1116\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.200716845878135%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"8\" width=\"54.21146953405018%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eIncidence of otitis media in children at months of age, N(%)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93,100 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,280 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84,447 (88.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,933 (11.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76,625 (80.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,756 (19.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79,413 (83.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,967 (16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAge at delivery, Median (IQR) (years)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (28, 35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (28, 35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (28, 35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (28, 35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (28, 35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (28, 35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (28, 35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (28, 35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eGestational age at birth, mean (SD) (weeks)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.8 (1.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.9 (1.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.8 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.8 (1.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.7 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.8 (1.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.7 (1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.7 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfant\u0026apos;s yogurt intake at 1 year of age\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,661 (97.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e781 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,363 (87.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,439 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,715 (79.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,087 (20.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16,458 (83.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,344 (16.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22,436 (97.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e592 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,264 (87.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,901 (12.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23,747 (78.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,418 (21.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24,847 (82.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,318 (17.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,458 (97.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e412 (2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,836 (89.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,336 (11.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,188 (81.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,984 (18.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,705 (83.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,468 (16.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,405 (97.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e181 (2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,480 (89.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e871 (10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,786 (81.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,565 (18.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,945 (83.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,405 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,140 (98.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e314 (2.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,504 (91.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,386 (8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,189 (83.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,702 (17.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,458 (84.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,432 (15.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaternal yogurt intake during pregnancy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19,223 (97.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e579 (2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,725 (87.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,717 (12.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24,259 (79.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,183 (20.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,226 (82.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,216 (17.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,315 (97.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e850 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,351 (88.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,677 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,424 (80.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,604 (20.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19,177 (83.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,851 (16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,744 (98.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e428 (2.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,923 (89.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,948 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,458 (80.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,413 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,925 (83.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,946 (16.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,179 (97.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171 (2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,616 (88.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e970 (11.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,931 (80.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,655 (19.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,166 (83.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,420 (16.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,639 (98.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e252 (1.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,832 (89.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,621 (10.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,553 (81.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,901 (18.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,919 (83.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,534 (16.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfant birth weight\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83,834 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,088 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75,947 (88.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,974 (11.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68,940 (80.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16,982 (19.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71,498 (83.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,423 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,472 (98.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e163 (1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,776 (90.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e860 (10.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,026 (81.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,610 (18.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,226 (83.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,410 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e794 (96.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (3.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e724 (88.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99 (12.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e659 (80.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164 (19.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e689 (83.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfant sex\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47,597 (97.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,254 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42,846 (87.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,005 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38,710 (79.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,142 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40,256 (82.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,594 (17.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45,503 (97.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,026 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41,601 (89.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,928 (10.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37,915 (81.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,614 (18.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39,157 (84.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,373 (15.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSiblings\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23,754 (98.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e299 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22,189 (98.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,865 (1.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,046 (83.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,008 (16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,320 (84.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,734 (15.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69,346 (97.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,981 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62,258 (97.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,068 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56,579 (79.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" valign=\"top\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,748 (20.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59,093 (82.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,233 (17.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eHousehold income (million yen/year)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,226 (97.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138 (2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,762 (88.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e602 (11.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,396 (81.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e969 (18.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,502 (83.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e863 (16.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 to \u0026lt;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32,312 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e797 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,442 (88.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,667 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,054 (81.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,056 (18.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,853 (84.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,256 (15.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 to \u0026lt;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30,732 (97.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e785 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,780 (88.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,737 (11.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,228 (80.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,289 (20.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,228 (83.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,289 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24,830 (97.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e560 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22,463 (88.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,927 (11.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19,947 (78.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,442 (21.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,830 (82.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,559 (18.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eEducational status\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh school or less\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,124 (97.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e852 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30,182 (88.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,793 (11.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,823 (81.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,154 (18.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,696 (84.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,280 (15.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJunior college\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39,438 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e975 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35,565 (88.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,849 (12.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31,962 (79.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,451 (20.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,314 (82.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,099 (17.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniversity or higher\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,538 (97.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e453 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,700 (89.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,291 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16,840 (80.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,151 (19.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,403 (82.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,588 (17.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eFeeding pattern\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMixed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60,605 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,490 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,547 (87.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,549 (12.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49,357 (79.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12,738 (20.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51,434 (82.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,662 (17.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreast\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29850 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e725 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,475 (89.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,100 (10.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,005 (81.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,571 (18.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25,648 (83.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,927 (16.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArtificial\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,645 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,425 (89.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e284 (10.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,263 (83.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e447 (16.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,331 (86.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378 (13.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eSmoking habit\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54,785 (97.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,258 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49,847 (88.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,196 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45,141 (80.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,903 (19.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46,822 (83.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,221 (16.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStopped\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34,205 (97.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e893 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30,908 (88.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,190 (11.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,108 (80.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,990 (19.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,085 (82.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,013 (17.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,110 (97.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129 (3.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,692 (87.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e547 (12.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,376 (79.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e863 (20.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,506 (82.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e733 (17.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAlcohol intake\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32,185 (97.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e812 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,335 (88.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,662 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26,744 (88.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,253 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,610 (83.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,387 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStopped\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51,709 (97.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,206 (2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46,869 (88.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,046 (11.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42,476 (88.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,440 (11.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44,042 (83.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,873 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDrinking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,206 (97.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e262 (2.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,243 (87.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,225 (12.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,405 (87.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,063 (12.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,761 (82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,707 (18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePartner support\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86,409 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,110 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78,345 (88.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,174 (11.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71,078 (80.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,441 (19.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73,659 (83.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,860 (16.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,691 (97.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170 (2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,102 (88.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e759 (11.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,547 (80.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,315 (19.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,754 (83.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,107 (16.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfant\u0026apos;s congenital disease\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84,806 (97.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,054 (2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76,933 (88.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,927 (11.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69,827 (80.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,034 (19.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72,393 (83.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,467 (16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,294 (97.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e226 (2.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,514 (88.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,006 (11.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,798 (79.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,722 (20.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,020 (82.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,500 (17.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eHistory of infant\u0026apos;s allergic disease\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82,085 (97.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,822 (2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74,775 (89.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,132 (10.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67,864 (80.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16,044 (19.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70,251 (83.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13,656 (16.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 5.1984%;\" width=\"11.170688114387847%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,015 (96.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e458 (4.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,672 (84.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,801 (15.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,761 (76.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,712 (23.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.1711%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,162 (79.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3.431%;\" width=\"6.79177837354781%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,311 (20.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 30.307%;\" width=\"65.05376344086021%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbbreviations: JECS = Japan Environment and Children\u0026rsquo;s Study; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Table 2. Association of habitual yogurt intake with child\u0026rsquo;s otitis media at each age point\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border: none;width:765.55pt;border-collapse:collapse;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e6 months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eCrude\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eModel 1\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eModel 2\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eModel 3\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width:534.1pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eInfant\u0026apos;s intake at 1 year of age\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e19,802 (20.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e30,165 (31.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.96 (0.86-1.08)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.505\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.87-1.08)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.577\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.01 (0.90-1.13)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.831\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.01 (0.91-1.14)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.811\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e21,172 (22.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.69 (0.61-0.79)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.69 (0.61-0.79)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.76 (0.67-0.86)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.76 (0.67-0.87)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e8,350 (8.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.70 (0.58-0.85)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.70 (0.58-0.85)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.78 (0.65-0.94)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.010\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.79 (0.65-0.96)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.016\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e15,891 (16.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.54 (0.46-0.63)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.54 (0.46-0.63)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.62 (0.53-0.72)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.63 (0.54-0.74)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ep for trend\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.85 (0.82-0.88)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.85 (0.82-0.88)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.88 (0.85-0.91)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.89 (0.85-0.92)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width:534.1pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eMaternal intake during pregnancy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e30,442 (31.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e23,028 (24.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.00 (0.90-1.12)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.962\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.99 (0.89-1.11)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.920\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.01 (0.91-1.13)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.814\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.03 (0.92-1.15)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.578\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e17,871 (18.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.90 (0.80-1.02)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.087\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.89 (0.79-1.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.059\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.93 (0.82-1.05)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.236\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.85-1.09)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.577\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e8,586 (9.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.82 (0.70-0.97)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.019\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.81 (0.69-0.96)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.012\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.86 (0.73-1.02)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.074\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.91 (0.77-1.07)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.256\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e15,454 (16.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.79 (0.69-0.90)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.77 (0.68-0.89)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.83 (0.73-0.95)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.007\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.90 (0.79-1.03)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.133\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ep for trend\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.94 (0.91-0.97)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.93 (0.91-0.96)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.95 (0.92-0.98)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.94-1.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.054\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e24 months\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:11px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width:534.1pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eInfant\u0026apos;s intake at 1 year of age\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e19,802 (20.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e30,165 (31.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.04 (1.00-1.09)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.059\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.05 (1.00-1.09)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.048\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.06 (1.01-1.11)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.009\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.06 (1.02-1.11)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.006\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e21,172 (22.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.92-1.02)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.225\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.92-1.02)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.250\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.99 (0.94-1.04)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.597\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.99 (0.94-1.04)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.771\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e8,350 (8.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.00 (0.93-1.07)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.912\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.00 (0.93-1.07)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.934\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.01 (0.94-1.08)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.845\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1.01 (0.95-1.08)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.691\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e15,891 (16.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.91 (0.86-0.96)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.91 (0.86-0.96)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.92 (0.87-0.97)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.003\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.93 (0.88-0.98)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.007\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ep for trend\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.96-0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.96-0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.98 (0.96-0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.98 (0.97-0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width:534.1pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eMaternal intake during pregnancy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e30,442 (31.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRef\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e23,028 (24.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.98 (0.93-1.02)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.299\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.98 (0.93-1.02)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.296\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.92-1.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.145\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.92-1.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.148\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e17,871 (18.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.96 (0.92-1.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.099\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.96 (0.92-1.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.107\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.95 (0.91-1.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.041\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.96 (0.91-1.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.064\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e8,586 (9.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.91-1.03)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.253\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.97 (0.91-1.03)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.257\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.95 (0.89-1.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.105\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.96 (0.90-1.02)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.172\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e15,454 (16.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.96 (0.91-1.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.073\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.96 (0.91-1.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.083\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.95 (0.90-0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.028\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.96 (0.92-1.01)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.127\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:113.4pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ep for trend\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Yu Gothic\",sans-serif;color:red;'\u003e \u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.99 (0.98-1.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.052\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.99 (0.98-1.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.060\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.99 (0.98-1.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.75pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.017\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.99 (0.98-1.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:12.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:center;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003e0.082\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"13\" style=\"width:765.55pt;padding:0in 4.95pt 0in 4.95pt;height:65.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eRisk ratio (95% confidence interval) (all such values).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ea\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eAdjusted for maternal age and infant\u0026apos;s sex.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:left;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eb\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eAdditionally adjusted for maternal (educational status and smoking and drinking habit) and infant factors (birth weight, feeding pattern, presence of siblings,\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eand prevalence of congenital and/or allergic disease), partner support, household income with Model 1.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Century\",serif;line-height:12.0pt;'\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003ec\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eAdditionally adjusted for the other probiotics intake in children or in mothers with Model 2.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3. Association of habitual yogurt intake with the cumulative incidence of childhood otitis media\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"1032\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrude\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel 1\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel 2\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel 3\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" width=\"68.9922480620155%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfant\u0026apos;s intake at 1 year of age\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"31.007751937984494%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19,802 (20.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30,165 (31.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.04 (1.01-1.06)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.04 (1.01-1.07)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.05 (1.03-1.08)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06 (1.03-1.09)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,172 (22.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92 (0.89-0.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92 (0.89-0.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.91-0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95 (0.92-0.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,350 (8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.88-0.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.88-0.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93 (0.89-0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.90-0.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,891 (16.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81 (0.79-0.84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81 (0.79-0.84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84 (0.81-0.87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85 (0.82-0.87)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep for trend\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95 (0.94-0.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.94-0.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95 (0.94-0.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95 (0.95-0.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" width=\"68.9922480620155%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaternal intake during pregnancy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"31.007751937984494%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30,442 (31.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23,028 (24.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97 (0.95-1.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97 (0.95-1.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96 (0.94-0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97 (0.94-0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17,871 (18.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.91-0.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93 (0.91-0.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93 (0.90-0.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.91-0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,586 (9.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.91-0.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.91-0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93 (0.90-0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.95 (0.92-0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15,454 (16.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92 (0.89-0.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.89-0.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.89-0.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 (0.91-0.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep for trend\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98 (0.97-0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98 (0.97-0.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98 (0.97-0.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.98 (0.98-0.99)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"11\" width=\"98.93410852713178%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRisk ratio (95% confidence interval) (all such values).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eAdjusted for maternal age and infant\u0026apos;s sex.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eAdditionally adjusted for maternal (educational status and smoking and drinking habit) and infant factors (birth weight, feeding pattern, presence of siblings,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eand prevalence of congenital and/or allergic disease), partner support, household income with Model 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eAdditionally adjusted for the other yogurt intake in children or in mothers with Model 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.065891472868217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4. Association of habitual yogurt intake with the cumulative incidence of otitis media in children with CL/P\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"1032\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrude\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel 1\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel 2\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModel 3\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" width=\"68.9922480620155%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eInfant\u0026apos;s intake at 1 year of age\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"31.007751937984494%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (19.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (13.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.62-1.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.633\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.90 (0.62-1.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.609\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.82 (0.55-1.22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.325\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81 (0.54-1.23)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.329\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50 (21.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87 (0.58-1.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.478\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87 (0.58-1.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.481\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83 (0.55-1.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.369\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.85 (0.55-1.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.441\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64 (27.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73 (0.45-1.18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.201\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74 (0.46-1.19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74 (0.45-1.22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.74 (0.45-1.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.254\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (19.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78 (0.51-1.17)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.77 (0.51-1.16)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68 (0.45-1.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.081\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69 (0.45-1.06)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep for trend\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93 (0.85-1.02)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93 (0.85-1.02)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.140\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92 (0.83-1.01)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.92 (0.83-1.01)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" width=\"68.9922480620155%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaternal intake during pregnancy\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"31.007751937984494%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than once a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (15.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 - 2 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33 (14.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27 (0.87-1.86)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.216\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.28 (0.88-1.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.198\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18 (0.80-1.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.406\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.16 (0.79-1.72)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.445\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 - 4 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (18.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.06 (0.72-1.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.770\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07 (0.72-1.59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91 (0.61-1.37)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.662\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93 (0.61-1.42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.740\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 - 6 times/week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (19.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.19 (0.78-1.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18 (0.78-1.80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.428\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02 (0.66-1.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.946\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.02 (0.65-1.61)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.916\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce/day or more\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75 (31.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14 (0.76-1.72)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.522\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.18 (0.78-1.77)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.438\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07 (0.70-1.64)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.12 (0.72-1.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.617618586640852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep for trend\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.09970958373669%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03 (0.94-1.12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.577\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.03 (0.94-1.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.511\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00 (0.90-1.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.947\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.713455953533398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.00 (0.91-1.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.357212003872217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.971\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"11\" width=\"98.93410852713178%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbbreviation: CL/P = cleft lip and/or palate.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRisk ratio (95% confidence interval) (all such values).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eAdjusted for maternal age and infant\u0026apos;s sex.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003eAdditionally adjusted for maternal (educational status and smoking and drinking habit) and infant factors (birth weight, feeding pattern, presence of siblings, and prevalence of congenital and/or allergic disease), partner support, household income with Model 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003eAdditionally adjusted for the other daily frequency of yogurt intake in children or in mothers with Model 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"1.065891472868217%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"probiotics-and-antimicrobial-proteins","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"paap","sideBox":"Learn more about [Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins](http://link.springer.com/journal/12601)","snPcode":"12602","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12602/3","title":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Probiotics, Otitis media, Cleft lips and palate, Nationwide birth cohort","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2176558/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2176558/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOtitis media, one of the most common childhood diseases, is characterized by inflammation or infection of the middle ear. Due to their ease of access, daily probiotics are recommended for the prevention of early childhood otitis media. This study aimed to assess the impact of probiotics on the incidence of otitis media using a dataset (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;95,380) from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort study. After multiple imputations, the association between the incidence of otitis media in early childhood and the daily frequency of yogurt intake in children and mothers was examined using a generalized linear model with adjusting for several confounders. Repeated incidence of otitis media during the two years after birth was found in 14,874 participants (15.6%). Based on participants with the lowest frequency of yogurt intake (\u0026ldquo;almost never\u0026rdquo;) as the reference group, risk ratios (95% confidence interval) for otitis media incidence decreased with higher frequencies of yogurt intake in children at one year of age, but also independently in mothers during pregnancy. Furthermore, although not statistically significant, a similar association was observed in the subgroup of those with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), a high risk group for severe otitis media. Thus, increased regular yogurt intake in both children and mothers was associated with a decrease in early childhood otitis media.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Impact of habitual yogurt intake in mother-child dyads on incidence of childhood otitis media: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-10-25 17:42:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2176558/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2022-11-22T08:23:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2022-11-09T22:32:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"87027f06-2df0-4403-b411-c00d6ec20a97","date":"2022-11-07T06:03:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2022-11-04T12:10:29+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2022-10-20T03:58:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2022-10-20T03:58:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","date":"2022-10-17T21:32:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"probiotics-and-antimicrobial-proteins","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"paap","sideBox":"Learn more about [Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins](http://link.springer.com/journal/12601)","snPcode":"12602","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12602/3","title":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6bb76e2f-9f3e-41f9-94a6-75ea636ecb2b","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 25th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-10-16T20:58:56+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-2176558","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-023-10086-2","journal":{"identity":"probiotics-and-antimicrobial-proteins","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins"},"publishedOn":"2023-05-17 20:50:51","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 17th, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2022-10-25 17:42:38","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s12602-023-10086-2","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-023-10086-2","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2176558","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2176558","identity":"rs-2176558","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"FbvkV6FR0MCFSLy54lSbu","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}