Norwegian Population Norms for the EQ-5D-5L: Results From a General Population Survey

Abstract Purpose: To provide the first Norwegian EQ-5D-5L and EQ VAS population norms for the adult general population. Methods: Postal survey of a random sample of 12,790 Norwegians identified through the National Registry of the Norwegian Tax Administration. Norms are shown for the five EQ-5D-5L dimensions, EQ-5D index and EQ VAS scores for seven age categories, males, females and education level. Results: There were 3,200 (25.9%) respondents to 12,263 correctly addressed questionnaires. The EQ-5D-5L dimensions, EQ VAS and background questions were completed by 3,120 (24.6%) respondents. The mean age (SD) was 50.9 (21.7); range 18 to 97 years. The youngest age group of 18-29 years and oldest of 80 years and over had the highest (n=691) and lowest (n=239) number of respondents respectively. Compared to the general population, the respondents comprised a greater number of females, younger and older ages, and had a higher education level. 32% of respondents reported no health problems on the EQ-5D-5L. From the youngest to oldest age groups, there was a general decline in health as assessed by the EQ-5D-5L. The exception was for anxiety/depression, where the youngest age groups had the poorest health. Apart from self-care, women reported poorer health than men, as assessed by the EQ-5D-5L; EQ VAS scores were similar for men and women. Higher levels of health (EQ-5D index, EQ VAS scores) were found with increasing levels of education. Conclusion: The population norms will improve interpretation of EQ-5D-5L and EQ VAS scores in Norwegian applications including clinical practice, clinical and health services research, and national quality registers where EQ-5D-5L is the most widely used patient-reported instrument.