Knowledge Gaps and Emergency Management Practices of Children’s Dental Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Primary School Health Teachers and Parents in Urumqi

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By identifying critical gaps—such as misconceptions about the "golden 30-minute" window for avulsed teeth—it provides a foundation for targeted training programs and policy reforms to improve pediatric oral health outcomes Materials and methods A total of 267 primary school health teachers and 1,420 parents from four districts were randomly sampled from all seven districts in Urumqi. They were surveyed voluntarily over six months using a Chinese-language questionnaire. The data were analyzed using constituent ratio and chi-square tests. Results The survey received 249 valid questionnaires from primary school health teachers and 1,420 from parents across the four districts. According to the statistical results, 66.3% (165) of the teachers had encountered children's dental trauma. Notably, merely 34.3% of health teachers had received formal training in dental trauma management. In cases of tooth avulsion, very few health teachers (3.7%, 6) chose to reinsert the avulsed tooth into the alveolar socket. Regarding the storage medium for avulsed teeth, 18.3% (30) of the health teachers chose milk, 45.5% (76) chose physiological saline, and 9.0% (15) instructed the child to hold the avulsed tooth in their mouth. As for the extra-oral time for avulsed teeth, 46.8% (79) of the teachers believed that the avulsed tooth should be treated within half an hour. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate significant knowledge gaps among both parents and school health teachers in managing pediatric dental trauma, despite frequent exposure to such cases. The findings underscore the need for educational campaigns to improve the understanding of children's dental trauma among parents and primary school health teachers in future initiatives. Children’s dental trauma Primary school health teachers Parents’ knowledge Dental trauma awareness Dental emergency management Introduction Traumatic dental injuries (TDI) constitute a major public health concern in pediatric populations, with potential long-term impacts on oral function and aesthetics. These injuries range from minor enamel chipping to severe maxillofacial damage, including displacement or avulsion of teeth and damage to supporting structure[ 1 ]. The most common causes of TDI include falls, accidents, physical altercations, and sports-related activities. Studies conducted worldwide have reported varying prevalence rates of TDI among school children, with tooth avulsion occurring in 0.5–16% of cases in permanent dentition[ 2 – 5 ]and 7–13% in primary dentition[ 6 ]. In school settings, the initial management of dental trauma is often carried out by school health teachers, making their knowledge and preparedness crucial. Additionally, parents' awareness and attitudes toward emergency dental trauma play a vital role in determining the prognosis of injured teeth. Despite the importance of this issue, research on the knowledge and influencing factors of school health teachers and parents regarding children's dental trauma remains limited. While some international studies have explored school health teachers' understanding of dental trauma, there is a lack of investigation into the factors influencing their knowledge[ 7 – 9 ]. Despite the global recognition of TDI management challenges, data from China remain scarce, impeding the design of context-specific educational interventions for improving dental trauma management. this study highlights the critical need to enhance the knowledge of school health teachers and parents regarding children's dental trauma. By identifying knowledge gaps and influencing factors, it lays the foundation for targeted educational interventions, ensuring better outcomes for children with dental injuries. Materials and Methods This survey was conducted among 1,420 parents and 267 primary school health teachers across four districts of Urumqi. The relevant information about health teachers was obtained from the Urumqi Municipal Education Bureau. Using a simple random sampling method, four districts—Xin Shi District, Shui Mo Gou District, Mi Dong District, and Tou Dun He District—were randomly selected from the seven districts in Urumqi. We employed a cluster sampling strategy to survey health teachers across all primary schools in the selected districts. We excluded questionnaires with incomplete responses during data analysis. Two trained investigators supervised the survey process, ensuring consistent clarification of questionnaire items for participants. The questionnaire was developed based on a comprehensive review of existing literature on dental trauma management in children [ 10 – 13 ], with modifications to adapt to the local context. An English-translated version is provided as Supplementary File 1,2. This survey achieved a Cronbach's α of 0.82 (knowledge) and 0.79 (practice), and content validity was confirmed by 3 pediatric dentists with 10 + years of experience. The study aimed to assess several aspects among health teachers, including whether they had encountered cases of dental trauma, whether they had received any education or training related to dental trauma, and their awareness of the locations of day and night oral emergency clinics near their schools. Additionally, a hypothetical case was designed to evaluate health teachers' understanding of dental trauma management. The case involved a 9-year-old child with a minor fracture of the incisors. Questions were posed to assess their knowledge of the appropriate timing for incisor replacement and whether a simple crown fracture requires treatment. To evaluate parents' knowledge of emergency dental trauma management, a questionnaire was designed based on a hypothetical scenario involving a 10-year-old child with a complete avulsion of the maxillary central incisors. The questionnaire covered immediate actions (e.g., whether to attempt re-implantation or send the child to the hospital immediately), preferred storage media for the avulsed tooth (multiple-choice options included dry storage media such as paper or plastic bags, and wet storage media such as the child's mouth, saline solution, tap water, ice, or milk), and the urgency of visiting a doctor (options included less than 10 minutes, within 30 minutes, within 1 hour, within 2 hours, or no time constraint). Statistical analysis Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 Frequency distributions and inferential analyses were performed, with results expressed as both numbers and percentages. Chi-square tests compared responses between: trained vs. untrained teachers. A chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between individual parameters. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Survey Results on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Children's Dental Trauma A total of 267 questionnaires were issued among primary school health teachers, and 249 questionnaires were collected, all of which were valid questionnaires, with a recovery rate of 93.3%. the questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.82 for knowledge items and 0.79 for practice items). Factor analysis extracted two components (eigenvalues > 1) explaining 70.3% of the total variance, aligning with the intended structure. Of the surveyed teachers, 66.3% (n = 165) reported prior exposure to pediatric dental trauma cases. 93 (33.3%) teachers were received about dental trauma education. respectively 108 (43.4 per cent) and 104 (41.8 per cent) teachers who knew the day and night time emergency dental clinic locations. There are 182 (73. 1%) teachers who think nine-year-old children’s upper middle teeth is permanent teeth. there were 214(86%) teachers who think that a small part fracture of the teeth will have to be treated. 9 (3.6%) teachers who had chosen to immediate re-plantation of complete dislocation teeth. For complete dislocation teeth preservation media, there were 10.8% teachers (in the mouth), 52.2% (in saline), 38.6% (in milk). For the treatment time of complete dislocation teeth, teachers who had choose 10 minutes or less 19 (7.6%), less than 10% of teachers opted for immediate reimplantation, within 30 min 141 (48.2%).and the specific statistical results are shown in Table 1 , Table 2 . Table 1 Emergency Management Knowledge and Practices Among Primary School Health Teachers Questions Yes No No response P-value Had your child ever experienced dental trauma 165 84 0 0.00000289 whether dental trauma is an emergency treatment or not 108 141 0 0.0365 If the child doesn’t have any pain after injury, would you still go for professional advice 214 35 0 0 Look for lost tooth 182 67 0 0.0000003 Tetanus toxoid necessary 93 156 0 0.00000065 Would you like to attend an educational program on the management of dental trauma 104 145 0 0.0094 * Missing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout Table 2 Parents' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Children's Dental Trauma Question 1420 Numbers Chi square value P-value Do you know that a fallen tooth could be repositioned Yes 49 1.229 0.0 No 1371 Do you know what “dental trauma” is Avulsion 1866 2138.61 0.0 Fracture 1170 Toothache 414 Bleeding 621 Other 189 Correct identification of permanent and deciduous Tooth According to size 2056 1678.10 0.0 According to color 520 According to tooth root 390 No response 1294 How to control bleeding Direct Pressure 257 752.88 0.00072 Raise head 751 Pressure Points 374 No response 38 Tetanus toxoid necessary Yes 846 52.10 0.000000524 No 574 Is it necessary to seek professional help if a permanent tooth has been avulsion out Dentist 742 732.91 0.0 Pediatrician 354 Emergency aid 296 Other 28 Professional advise in absence of pain Yes 1296 2151.49 0.0 No 102 No response 22 Look for lost tooth Yes 1396 2698.64 0.0003 No 24 No response 0 How to clean dirty tooth Water 679 476.47 0.00005 Antiseptic 274 Alcohol 352 Other 115 What to do if knocked out tooth was broken try to Gathering all piece 762 446.90 0.0000061 Gathering Big pieces 537 No response 121 Correct-medium for storage of tooth till approaching a dentist In mouth 52 2139.54 0.000123 Salt water 45 Milk 842 Handkerchief 342 Physiological solution 102 Other agents 37 What is the time within which it is best to intervene incase of dental trauma 30minutes 862 1067.43 0.0 2hours 341 Day after 119 I don’t know 98 Ever received advice on what to do or not to do in case of dental trauma by Dentist 1016 1782.72 0.0 Pediatrician 279 Other 109 No 13 Do not know 3 Educational level University 923 1263.6 0.0 High school 319 Middle school 98 Primary school 100 Would you like to attend an educational program on the management of dental trauma yes 1379 2600.99 0.0 No 32 No answer 9 * Missing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout The survey revealed significant gaps in the knowledge and practices of both primary school health teachers and parents regarding the management of children's dental trauma. Among the 249 health teachers surveyed, 66.3% reported encountering dental trauma cases, yet only 33.3% had received any formal education on the subject, highlighting a critical lack of preparedness Table 4 , Table 5 . While 86% of teachers recognized the need for professional treatment in cases of minor fractures, only 3.6% chose immediate re-implantation as the appropriate action for avulsed teeth, and 10.8% suggested storing the tooth in the child’s mouth, which is not recommended Table 2 , 3 . Additionally, less than half of the teachers were aware of the locations of emergency dental clinics, and only 48.2% understood that treatment for avulsed teeth should be administered within 30 minutes, with a mere 7.6% recognizing the critical 10-minute window for optimal outcomes. Table 4 Health teachers' understanding of dental trauma in children Qustions Whether have met dental trauma Whether have attend education program of dental trauma Total Yes No No answer Yes No No answer Near the school day time emergency clinic Know 102 5 1 38 80 2 114 No 63 75 0 45 69 12 132 No answer 0 2 1 0 1 2 3 P-value 0.045 0.078 Do you know that a fallen tooth could be repositioned Yes 113 0.145 No 136 Near the school night time emergency clinic Know 87 16 1 53 60 3 110 No 74 66 2 47 81 2 136 No answer 1 2 0 1 1 1 3 P-value 0.061 0.439 Classification of anterior teeth in children aged nine years Deciduous tooth 26 34 0 18 31 1 55 Permanent teeth 122 57 3 74 108 10 187 No answer 3 4 0 0 6 1 7 P-value 0.0032 0.0015 Whether need to treatment of A small broken of anterior teeth Need 142 69 3 77 126 7 212 No need 23 9 0 7 28 1 34 No answer 2 1 0 2 0 1 3 P-value 0.912 0.062 Emergency treatment of complete avulsion Immediate reimplantation 5 3 1 5 4 0 9 Direct to hospital 167 62 1 78 143 9 230 No answer 7 3 1 4 5 1 10 P-value 0.792 0.415 Complete avulsion preservation agent In mouth 23 4 0 10 27 0 32 Salt water 83 45 2 52 77 5 132 Milk 62 33 1 22 60 2 90 Other agents 84 156 5 54 187 2 244 Complete avulsion treatment time in ten minutes 11 8 0 7 11 1 19 In 30 minutes 87 32 1 54 58 8 120 In 2 hours 23 7 0 12 13 1 28 No idea 28 40 2 11 63 0 72 No answer 6 4 0 3 7 0 10 * Missing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout Table 3 Distribution of parent’s response Is the damaged tooth likely to be Chi square value P-value Correct Response 939 147.72 0.57582 Incorrect Response 481 Is it an emergency treatment Correct Response 1132 501.64 0.00061 Incorrect Response 288 How urgent do you think is it necessary to seek professional help if a permanent tooth has been knocked out? Correct Response 831 271.44 0.0000032 Incorrect Response 589 After control of bleeding will you search for the lost tooth Correct Response 1042 310.50 0.000234 incorrect Response 378 Have you ever received any advice on what to do and what not to do in case if any tooth has been knocked out Correct Response 409 255.22 0 Incorrect Response 1011 Would you like to attend an educational program on the management of dental trauma Correct Response 1378 1256.96 0 Incorrect Response 42 * Missing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout Table 5 Distribution of Health teacher’s response Is the damaged tooth likely to be? Chi square value P-value Correct Response 193 88.82 0.0 incorrect Response 47 Is it an emergency treatment Correct Response 208 129.06 0.0 Incorrect Response 32 How urgent do you think is it necessary to seek professional help if a permanent tooth has been knocked out Correct Response 228 194.40 0.0 Incorrect Response 12 After control of bleeding will you search for the lost tooth? Correct Response 105 3.75 0.053 Incorrect Response 135 Where will you take the child i.e., the first place to contact Correct Response 133 2.82 0.093 Incorrect Response 107 Would you prefer to put back the knocked-out tooth into the socket immediately Correct Response 96 9.6 0.0019 Incorrect Response 144 Would you like to attend an educational program on the management of dental trauma Correct Response 218 160.06 0.00035 Incorrect Response 22 * Missing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout Parents’ knowledge was similarly limited. In a hypothetical scenario involving a completely avulsed tooth, only 3.4% of parents knew that the tooth could be repositioned, and 24.1% selected dry storage media, which could compromise the tooth’s viability. Although 59.3% of parents correctly chose milk as a storage medium, a significant proportion underestimated the urgency of seeking professional care, with only 8.4% recognizing the importance of treatment within 10 minutes. Both groups demonstrated a lack of awareness regarding the time-sensitive nature of dental trauma management and the appropriate steps to take in emergencies. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted educational campaigns to improve the knowledge and practices of both teachers and parents. By addressing these gaps, particularly in areas such as immediate re-implantation, proper storage media, and the urgency of treatment, it is possible to enhance the prognosis of dental injuries and ensure better oral health outcomes for children. Discussion Our study reveals critical deficiencies in dental trauma preparedness among school health teachers and parents, particularly in time-sensitive interventions such as tooth avulsion management regarding the management of children's dental trauma in part district of Urumqi. Despite the high prevalence of dental trauma among children, as evidenced by the fact that 66.3% of teachers had encountered such cases, only 33.3% of these teachers had received any formal education or training on the subject. This discrepancy underscores a critical need for targeted educational interventions to improve the preparedness of school health teachers in handling dental emergencies. One of the most concerning findings is the low rate of immediate re-implantation practices among teachers, with only 3.6% opting to reinsert an avulsed tooth into the alveolar socket. This is particularly alarming given that timely re-implantation is crucial for the long-term prognosis of the tooth. The majority of teachers chose saline (52.2%) or milk (38.6%) as storage media for avulsed teeth, which aligns with international guidelines recommending these as suitable options. However, the fact that 10.8% of teachers still suggested storing the tooth in the child's mouth indicates a need for further education on optimal storage solutions to prevent further damage to the tooth. The survey also revealed that while 73.1% of teachers correctly identified the upper central incisors of a nine-year-old child as permanent teeth, there remains a significant portion who lack this basic knowledge. This is particularly important because the management of dental trauma differs between primary and permanent teeth, and misidentification could lead to inappropriate treatment decisions [ 14 – 16 ]. Furthermore, 86% of teachers recognized that a minor fracture of the teeth requires treatment, which is a positive indicator of their awareness of the importance of addressing even seemingly minor dental injuries. Parents' knowledge and practices regarding dental trauma management were equally concerning. The hypothetical scenario involving a 10-year-old child with a completely avulsed maxillary central incisor revealed that many parents were unaware of the appropriate immediate actions to take. For instance, only a small percentage of parents knew that re-implantation should be attempted immediately or that the tooth should be stored in a suitable medium such as milk or saline. Additionally, a significant proportion of parents were unsure about the urgency of seeking medical attention, with many believing that treatment could be delayed for hours or even longer. This lack of awareness could have serious implications for the prognosis of dental injuries, as timely intervention is critical for successful outcomes. The results of this study are consistent with previous research conducted in other regions, which has also identified significant gaps in the knowledge and practices of both teachers and parents regarding dental trauma management [15–18]. For example, studies in Brazil and India have similarly reported low levels of awareness and inadequate training among school health teachers, as well as poor knowledge among parents about the appropriate steps to take in the event of a dental injury [17]. These findings suggest that the challenges observed in Urumqi are not unique and may reflect a broader global issue. While this study identified significant knowledge gaps, its reliance on self-reported data (common in questionnaire-based research) may not fully reflect real-world practices. Recall bias and social desirability bias could affect responses, particularly regarding sensitive topics like emergency preparedness The implications of these findings are clear: there is an urgent need for educational campaigns aimed at improving the knowledge and practices of both school health teachers and parents regarding children's dental trauma. Such campaigns should focus on providing practical, evidence-based guidance on the immediate management of dental injurie [19,20], including the importance of timely re-implantation, the use of appropriate storage media, and the urgency of seeking professional cares [18,19]. We advocate for mandatory training programs targeting school health teachers, with curriculum emphasis on immediate reimplantation protocols and optimal storage media for avulsed teeth, as they are often the first point of contact in the event of a dental emergency at school [20]. Additionally, parents should be educated through community outreach programs, school workshops, and public health campaigns to ensure that they are equipped to respond effectively to dental injuries at home [ 15 ]. Conclusion this study has identified significant gaps in the knowledge and practices of both primary school health teachers and parents in Urumqi regarding the management of children's dental trauma. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to improve the preparedness of teachers and parents in handling dental emergencies. By addressing these gaps, it is possible to improve the prognosis of dental injuries and ensure better oral health outcomes for children. The self-reported nature of questionnaire data may introduce recall bias. Future studies could incorporate clinical simulations to validate knowledge. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of such educational interventions and identifying additional factors that may influence the knowledge and practices of teachers and parents in this area. Compared to studies in Saudi Arabia [ 7 ], where 45% of teachers received dental trauma training, our findings (33.3%) may reflect regional disparities in dental first-aid programs. This disparity may stem from limited access to dental first-aid programs in Northwest China. This underscores the need for policy interventions targeting Northwest China to integrate dental trauma management into mandatory teacher training, emphasizing the ‘golden 30 minute’ window for avulsed teeth. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study utilized anonymous surveys with no identifiable information collected. Formal ethics approval was approved via Xinjiang Medical University Fifth Affiliate Hospital. All participants were informed of the study purpose and voluntarily participated. Child-related data were anonymized. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contribution Authors’ contributions; WA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, writing – original draft. AA (Abudusalamu·Ayoufu): Data curation, Resources. AA (Abulajiang Anayeti): Validation. T j: investigation, Visualization, Writing–review and editing. Rq T: Methodology. Wj K: Visualization. Ct L: Software, Visualization, Writing–review and editing. T G: Data curation, Visualization, Writing–review and editing. Acknowledgements Not applicable. 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Supplementary Files brochureEmergencyManagementProtocolforAvulsedPermanentTeethinChildren.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 29 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Oral Health → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 02 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 26 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 20 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 23 Apr, 2025 Editor invited by journal 23 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 20 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Aierken","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxsaHH3j+ydkfb2w4kFBBlBbmZmMJmQPGDGcONx54cIYoLextEjw2BxIZbqQ3H3zYRoQGfvbGBgmJnDsJjD0HGw4kzrOWbWA/fHQDPi2SQJUGBWee5TED9R5I3JZu3MCTlnYDnxaDG4kNCZI9zMVsPCBbth1ObJDgMSOo5QDvP+bEHgkgI3EOcVoaG3h4DifOAGtpIEIL0C/NzBI8acYGIIclHEs3biPkF3729uc/P/DYyBmwtz/++KPGWraf/fAxvFrQATMjMVGDpqWBVC2jYBSMglEw7AEAcExZqJUKSDMAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"The Fifth Affiliate Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wusimanjiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Aierken","suffix":""},{"id":447108696,"identity":"d3ff9615-9d4f-46f5-8acd-803915a8a3b0","order_by":1,"name":"Abudusalamu Ayoufu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Fifth Affiliate Hospital of Xinjiang Medical 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University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Weijiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Kang","suffix":""},{"id":447108702,"identity":"28da2ea2-b6d2-4cc7-aca7-b8f65fa703a5","order_by":5,"name":"Chuntao Leng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Fifth Affiliate Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chuntao","middleName":"","lastName":"Leng","suffix":""},{"id":447108704,"identity":"d0e69d14-e1d7-4dbc-ba77-3d2858947b6c","order_by":6,"name":"Tao Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Fifth Affiliate Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tao","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""},{"id":447108705,"identity":"0f057c81-e1aa-4fea-9b5d-8b0639f6fb8f","order_by":7,"name":"Abulajiang Anayeti","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Fifth Affiliate Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abulajiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Anayeti","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-06 14:08:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6387165/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6387165/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06904-4","type":"published","date":"2025-09-29T15:57:59+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92883993,"identity":"22b69b35-6bb2-424c-8159-982d01a7ab0a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 16:11:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1065675,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6387165/v1/5dacd1d2-4e3d-449a-b1ec-2086fcdda53a.pdf"},{"id":81616119,"identity":"da3b945a-cfcd-4595-aabf-9aa4324b0e44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-04-29 08:21:20","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":19869,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"brochureEmergencyManagementProtocolforAvulsedPermanentTeethinChildren.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6387165/v1/0fb4ae81b2f74516b345d913.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Knowledge Gaps and Emergency Management Practices of Children’s Dental Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Primary School Health Teachers and Parents in Urumqi","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) constitute a major public health concern in pediatric populations, with potential long-term impacts on oral function and aesthetics. These injuries range from minor enamel chipping to severe maxillofacial damage, including displacement or avulsion of teeth and damage to supporting structure[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The most common causes of TDI include falls, accidents, physical altercations, and sports-related activities. Studies conducted worldwide have reported varying prevalence rates of TDI among school children, with tooth avulsion occurring in 0.5\u0026ndash;16% of cases in permanent dentition[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR3 CR4\" citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]and 7\u0026ndash;13% in primary dentition[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn school settings, the initial management of dental trauma is often carried out by school health teachers, making their knowledge and preparedness crucial. Additionally, parents' awareness and attitudes toward emergency dental trauma play a vital role in determining the prognosis of injured teeth. Despite the importance of this issue, research on the knowledge and influencing factors of school health teachers and parents regarding children's dental trauma remains limited. While some international studies have explored school health teachers' understanding of dental trauma, there is a lack of investigation into the factors influencing their knowledge[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR8\" citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite the global recognition of TDI management challenges, data from China remain scarce, impeding the design of context-specific educational interventions for improving dental trauma management. this study highlights the critical need to enhance the knowledge of school health teachers and parents regarding children's dental trauma. By identifying knowledge gaps and influencing factors, it lays the foundation for targeted educational interventions, ensuring better outcomes for children with dental injuries.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis survey was conducted among 1,420 parents and 267 primary school health teachers across four districts of Urumqi. The relevant information about health teachers was obtained from the Urumqi Municipal Education Bureau. Using a simple random sampling method, four districts\u0026mdash;Xin Shi District, Shui Mo Gou District, Mi Dong District, and Tou Dun He District\u0026mdash;were randomly selected from the seven districts in Urumqi. We employed a cluster sampling strategy to survey health teachers across all primary schools in the selected districts. We excluded questionnaires with incomplete responses during data analysis. Two trained investigators supervised the survey process, ensuring consistent clarification of questionnaire items for participants. The questionnaire was developed based on a comprehensive review of existing literature on dental trauma management in children [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR11 CR12\" citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], with modifications to adapt to the local context. An English-translated version is provided as Supplementary File 1,2. This survey achieved a Cronbach's α of 0.82 (knowledge) and 0.79 (practice), and content validity was confirmed by 3 pediatric dentists with 10\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;years of experience.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study aimed to assess several aspects among health teachers, including whether they had encountered cases of dental trauma, whether they had received any education or training related to dental trauma, and their awareness of the locations of day and night oral emergency clinics near their schools. Additionally, a hypothetical case was designed to evaluate health teachers' understanding of dental trauma management. The case involved a 9-year-old child with a minor fracture of the incisors. Questions were posed to assess their knowledge of the appropriate timing for incisor replacement and whether a simple crown fracture requires treatment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo evaluate parents' knowledge of emergency dental trauma management, a questionnaire was designed based on a hypothetical scenario involving a 10-year-old child with a complete avulsion of the maxillary central incisors. The questionnaire covered immediate actions (e.g., whether to attempt re-implantation or send the child to the hospital immediately), preferred storage media for the avulsed tooth (multiple-choice options included dry storage media such as paper or plastic bags, and wet storage media such as the child's mouth, saline solution, tap water, ice, or milk), and the urgency of visiting a doctor (options included less than 10 minutes, within 30 minutes, within 1 hour, within 2 hours, or no time constraint).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData were analyzed using SPSS version 20 Frequency distributions and inferential analyses were performed, with results expressed as both numbers and percentages. Chi-square tests compared responses between: trained vs. untrained teachers. A chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between individual parameters. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSurvey Results on Knowledge and Practices Regarding Children's Dental Trauma\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 267 questionnaires were issued among primary school health teachers, and 249 questionnaires were collected, all of which were valid questionnaires, with a recovery rate of 93.3%. the questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s α\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.82 for knowledge items and 0.79 for practice items). Factor analysis extracted two components (eigenvalues\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;1) explaining 70.3% of the total variance, aligning with the intended structure.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf the surveyed teachers, 66.3% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;165) reported prior exposure to pediatric dental trauma cases. 93 (33.3%) teachers were received about dental trauma education. respectively 108 (43.4 per cent) and 104 (41.8 per cent) teachers who knew the day and night time emergency dental clinic locations. There are 182 (73. 1%) teachers who think nine-year-old children\u0026rsquo;s upper middle teeth is permanent teeth. there were 214(86%) teachers who think that a small part fracture of the teeth will have to be treated. 9 (3.6%) teachers who had chosen to immediate re-plantation of complete dislocation teeth. For complete dislocation teeth preservation media, there were 10.8% teachers (in the mouth), 52.2% (in saline), 38.6% (in milk). For the treatment time of complete dislocation teeth, teachers who had choose 10 minutes or less 19 (7.6%), less than 10% of teachers opted for immediate reimplantation, within 30 min 141 (48.2%).and the specific statistical results are shown in Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency Management Knowledge and Practices Among Primary School Health Teachers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHad your child ever experienced dental trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00000289\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhether dental trauma is an emergency treatment or not\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e141\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0365\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf the child doesn\u0026rsquo;t have any pain after injury, would you still go for professional advice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e214\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLook for lost tooth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0000003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTetanus toxoid necessary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00000065\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWould you like to attend an educational program on the management of dental trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0094\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eMissing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eParents' Knowledge and Practices Regarding Children's Dental Trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuestion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1420\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNumbers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChi square value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know that a fallen tooth could be repositioned\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.229\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1371\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know what \u0026ldquo;dental trauma\u0026rdquo; is\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAvulsion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1866\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2138.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFracture\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1170\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eToothache\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e414\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBleeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e621\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect identification of permanent and deciduous Tooth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to size\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2056\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1678.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to color\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e520\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to tooth root\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1294\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to control bleeding\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect Pressure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e257\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e752.88\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00072\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRaise head\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e751\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePressure Points\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e374\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTetanus toxoid necessary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e846\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000000524\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e574\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs it necessary to seek professional help if a permanent tooth has been avulsion out\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e742\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e732.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePediatrician\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e354\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency aid\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e296\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProfessional advise in absence of pain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1296\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2151.49\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLook for lost tooth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1396\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2698.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow to clean dirty tooth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWater\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e679\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e476.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntiseptic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e274\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e352\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e115\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat to do if knocked out tooth was broken try to\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGathering all piece\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e762\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e446.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0000061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGathering Big pieces\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e537\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e121\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect-medium for storage of tooth till approaching a dentist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn mouth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2139.54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalt water\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e842\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHandkerchief\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e342\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysiological solution\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther agents\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat is the time within which it is best to intervene incase of dental trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30minutes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e862\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1067.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e341\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDay after\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI don\u0026rsquo;t know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEver received advice on what to do or not to do in case of dental trauma by\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDentist\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1782.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePediatrician\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e279\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e109\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo not know\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational level\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e923\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1263.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e319\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMiddle school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWould you like to attend an educational program on the management of dental trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1379\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2600.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"5\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eMissing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe survey revealed significant gaps in the knowledge and practices of both primary school health teachers and parents regarding the management of children's dental trauma. Among the 249 health teachers surveyed, 66.3% reported encountering dental trauma cases, yet only 33.3% had received any formal education on the subject, highlighting a critical lack of preparedness Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. While 86% of teachers recognized the need for professional treatment in cases of minor fractures, only 3.6% chose immediate re-implantation as the appropriate action for avulsed teeth, and 10.8% suggested storing the tooth in the child\u0026rsquo;s mouth, which is not recommended Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Additionally, less than half of the teachers were aware of the locations of emergency dental clinics, and only 48.2% understood that treatment for avulsed teeth should be administered within 30 minutes, with a mere 7.6% recognizing the critical 10-minute window for optimal outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth teachers' understanding of dental trauma in children\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQustions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhether have met dental trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhether have attend education program of dental trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNear the school day time emergency clinic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.045\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.078\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"1\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo you know that a fallen tooth could be repositioned\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNear the school night time emergency clinic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e110\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.439\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClassification of anterior teeth in children aged nine years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tooth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePermanent teeth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhether need to treatment of A small broken of anterior teeth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e212\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo need\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.912\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency treatment of complete avulsion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eImmediate reimplantation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect to hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e143\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e230\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.792\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.415\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplete avulsion preservation agent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn mouth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalt water\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMilk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther agents\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e244\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComplete avulsion treatment time\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ein ten minutes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 30 minutes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 2 hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo idea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo answer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eMissing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of parent\u0026rsquo;s response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs the damaged tooth likely to be\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChi square value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e939\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e147.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.57582\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e481\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs it an emergency treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1132\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e501.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00061\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e288\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow urgent do you think is it necessary to seek professional help if a permanent tooth has been knocked out?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e831\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e271.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0000032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e589\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter control of bleeding will you search for the lost tooth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e310.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.000234\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eincorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHave you ever received any advice on what to do and what not to do in case if any tooth has been knocked out\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e409\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e255.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWould you like to attend an educational program on the management of dental trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1378\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1256.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eMissing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDistribution of Health teacher\u0026rsquo;s response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs the damaged tooth likely to be?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChi square value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e193\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eincorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIs it an emergency treatment\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e208\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e129.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow urgent do you think is it necessary to seek professional help if a permanent tooth has been knocked out\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e194.40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter control of bleeding will you search for the lost tooth?\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.053\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere will you take the child i.e., the first place to contact\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWould you prefer to put back the knocked-out tooth into the socket immediately\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.0019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e144\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWould you like to attend an educational program on the management of dental trauma\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.00035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIncorrect Response\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cb\u003e*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eMissing data (no response) were excluded from percentage calculations throughout\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParents\u0026rsquo; knowledge was similarly limited. In a hypothetical scenario involving a completely avulsed tooth, only 3.4% of parents knew that the tooth could be repositioned, and 24.1% selected dry storage media, which could compromise the tooth\u0026rsquo;s viability. Although 59.3% of parents correctly chose milk as a storage medium, a significant proportion underestimated the urgency of seeking professional care, with only 8.4% recognizing the importance of treatment within 10 minutes. Both groups demonstrated a lack of awareness regarding the time-sensitive nature of dental trauma management and the appropriate steps to take in emergencies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese findings underscore the urgent need for targeted educational campaigns to improve the knowledge and practices of both teachers and parents. By addressing these gaps, particularly in areas such as immediate re-implantation, proper storage media, and the urgency of treatment, it is possible to enhance the prognosis of dental injuries and ensure better oral health outcomes for children.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur study reveals critical deficiencies in dental trauma preparedness among school health teachers and parents, particularly in time-sensitive interventions such as tooth avulsion management regarding the management of children's dental trauma in part district of Urumqi. Despite the high prevalence of dental trauma among children, as evidenced by the fact that 66.3% of teachers had encountered such cases, only 33.3% of these teachers had received any formal education or training on the subject. This discrepancy underscores a critical need for targeted educational interventions to improve the preparedness of school health teachers in handling dental emergencies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the most concerning findings is the low rate of immediate re-implantation practices among teachers, with only 3.6% opting to reinsert an avulsed tooth into the alveolar socket. This is particularly alarming given that timely re-implantation is crucial for the long-term prognosis of the tooth. The majority of teachers chose saline (52.2%) or milk (38.6%) as storage media for avulsed teeth, which aligns with international guidelines recommending these as suitable options. However, the fact that 10.8% of teachers still suggested storing the tooth in the child's mouth indicates a need for further education on optimal storage solutions to prevent further damage to the tooth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe survey also revealed that while 73.1% of teachers correctly identified the upper central incisors of a nine-year-old child as permanent teeth, there remains a significant portion who lack this basic knowledge. This is particularly important because the management of dental trauma differs between primary and permanent teeth, and misidentification could lead to inappropriate treatment decisions [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR15\" citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, 86% of teachers recognized that a minor fracture of the teeth requires treatment, which is a positive indicator of their awareness of the importance of addressing even seemingly minor dental injuries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eParents' knowledge and practices regarding dental trauma management were equally concerning. The hypothetical scenario involving a 10-year-old child with a completely avulsed maxillary central incisor revealed that many parents were unaware of the appropriate immediate actions to take. For instance, only a small percentage of parents knew that re-implantation should be attempted immediately or that the tooth should be stored in a suitable medium such as milk or saline. Additionally, a significant proportion of parents were unsure about the urgency of seeking medical attention, with many believing that treatment could be delayed for hours or even longer. This lack of awareness could have serious implications for the prognosis of dental injuries, as timely intervention is critical for successful outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of this study are consistent with previous research conducted in other regions, which has also identified significant gaps in the knowledge and practices of both teachers and parents regarding dental trauma management [15\u0026ndash;18]. For example, studies in Brazil and India have similarly reported low levels of awareness and inadequate training among school health teachers, as well as poor knowledge among parents about the appropriate steps to take in the event of a dental injury [17]. These findings suggest that the challenges observed in Urumqi are not unique and may reflect a broader global issue. While this study identified significant knowledge gaps, its reliance on self-reported data (common in questionnaire-based research) may not fully reflect real-world practices. Recall bias and social desirability bias could affect responses, particularly regarding sensitive topics like emergency preparedness\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe implications of these findings are clear: there is an urgent need for educational campaigns aimed at improving the knowledge and practices of both school health teachers and parents regarding children's dental trauma. Such campaigns should focus on providing practical, evidence-based guidance on the immediate management of dental injurie [19,20], including the importance of timely re-implantation, the use of appropriate storage media, and the urgency of seeking professional cares [18,19]. We advocate for mandatory training programs targeting school health teachers, with curriculum emphasis on immediate reimplantation protocols and optimal storage media for avulsed teeth, as they are often the first point of contact in the event of a dental emergency at school [20]. Additionally, parents should be educated through community outreach programs, school workshops, and public health campaigns to ensure that they are equipped to respond effectively to dental injuries at home [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003ethis study has identified significant gaps in the knowledge and practices of both primary school health teachers and parents in Urumqi regarding the management of children's dental trauma. These findings highlight the need for targeted educational interventions to improve the preparedness of teachers and parents in handling dental emergencies. By addressing these gaps, it is possible to improve the prognosis of dental injuries and ensure better oral health outcomes for children. The self-reported nature of questionnaire data may introduce recall bias. Future studies could incorporate clinical simulations to validate knowledge. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of such educational interventions and identifying additional factors that may influence the knowledge and practices of teachers and parents in this area. Compared to studies in Saudi Arabia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e], where 45% of teachers received dental trauma training, our findings (33.3%) may reflect regional disparities in dental first-aid programs. This disparity may stem from limited access to dental first-aid programs in Northwest China. This underscores the need for policy interventions targeting Northwest China to integrate dental trauma management into mandatory teacher training, emphasizing the \u0026lsquo;golden 30 minute\u0026rsquo; window for avulsed teeth.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study utilized anonymous surveys with no identifiable information collected. Formal ethics approval was approved via Xinjiang Medical University Fifth Affiliate Hospital. All participants were informed of the study purpose and voluntarily participated. Child-related data were anonymized.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions; WA: Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, writing \u0026ndash; original draft. AA (Abudusalamu\u0026middot;Ayoufu): Data curation, Resources. AA (Abulajiang Anayeti): Validation. T j: investigation, Visualization, Writing\u0026ndash;review and editing. Rq T: Methodology. Wj K: Visualization. Ct L: Software, Visualization, Writing\u0026ndash;review and editing. T G: Data curation, Visualization, Writing\u0026ndash;review and editing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData availability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated during this study are available from the corresponding author (Dr. Abulajiang, [email protected]) upon reasonable request for non-commercial research purposes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMaganur PC, Ahamed FEA, Alhulaili DH, Zuhair R, Wasli HY, Sowaidi EM, Bokhari AM, Vishwanathaiah S. Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior toward Dental Trauma among Parents of Primary Schoolchildren Visiting College of Dentistry, Jizan. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024 Sep;17(9):1030-1034.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssadi T, Moosazadeh M, Akbari P, Omidi S. Knowledge of Emergency Physicians about the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: A Cross-sectional Study in Northern Iran. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2022 Mar;32(2):351-358.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGallichan N, Albadri S, Watkins F, Jarad F, Messahel S, Hartshorn S, Gartshore L. Management of traumatic dental injuries: a survey of paediatric emergency department health professionals. BMJ Paediatr Open. 2023 Mar;7(1): e001740.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAzizzadeh A, Mohebbi SZ, Esmaeilpoor A, Moghadam N, Khami MR, Razeghi S. Impacts of educational interventions on the knowledge of prevention and emergency management of traumatic dental injuries in 11-17-year-old martial arts athletes: a randomized controlled trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2023 Apr;24(2):263-272.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eO'Connell AC. Contemporary Approach for Traumatic Dental Injuries in the Primary Dentition. Dent Traumatol. 2025 Feb;41 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):17-26.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl-Haj Ali SN, Farah RI, Alhariqi S. Knowledge and Attitudes of Saudi Medical Students about Emergency Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 31;19(21):14249.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlzahrani MH, Alghoraibi M, Alzubaidi MA, Basha S, Althomali Y, Mohamed RN, Altalhi FK, Alzahrani YA, Albalooshy A, Alharbi A, Alqarni A. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice in Dental Trauma Management Among Schoolteachers in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Jan 20;13(2):200.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlwasedi AM, Al-Wathinani AM, G\u0026oacute;mez-Salgado J, Abahussain MA, Alnajada A, Goniewicz K. Maternal knowledge of pediatric first aid in Riyadh: Addressing gaps for improved child safety and women's health outcomes. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025 Feb 14;104(7): e41611.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVali L, Zare Z, Jahani Y, Kalavani K. Investigating the access barriers to oral and dental health services for children from the perspective of parents attending the health centers of Kerman. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2023 Apr 26; 20:49.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAndreasen JO, Lauridsen E, Gerds TA, Ahrensburg SS. Dental Trauma Guide: a source of evidence-based treatment guidelines for dental trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2012 Oct;28(5):345-50.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFouad AF, Abbott PV, Tsilingaridis G, Cohenca N, Lauridsen E, Bourguignon C, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: 2. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol. 2020 Aug;36(4):331-342.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAndreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L. Textbook and Color Atlas of Traumatic Dental Injuries to the Teeth. 5th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2019:45-78.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBourguignon C, Cohenca N, Lauridsen E, et al. International Association of Dental Traumatology guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries: General introduction. Dent Traumatol. 2020;36(4):309-313.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKidane YS, Ziegler S, Keck V, Benson-Martin J, Jahn A, Gebresilassie T, Beiersmann C. Eritrean Refugees' and Asylum-Seekers' Attitude towards and Access to Oral Healthcare in Heidelberg, Germany: A Qualitative Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Nov 3;18(21):11559.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTokas A, Sood S, Bhatia HP, Sharma N, Singh A. Sports-related Orofacial Injuries in Children: Awareness and Experience among Sports Coaches in Delhi Region of India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022 Jul-Aug;15(4):450-454.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIvko\u0026scaron;ić I, Gavić L, Jerković D, Macan D, Vladislavić NZ, Galić N, Tadin A. Knowledge and Attitudes about Dental Trauma Among the Students of the University of Split. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2020 Sep;54(3):302-313.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbstracts from the 2023 Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine. J Gen Intern Med. 2023 Jul;38(Suppl 2):81\u0026ndash;799.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOral Presentations. Global Spine J. 2021 Oct;11(2 Suppl):4S\u0026ndash;213S.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOsuh ME, Oke GA, Lilford RJ, Osuh JI, Harris B, Owoaje E, Lawal FB, Omigbodun A, Adedokun B, Chen YF. Systematic review of oral health in slums and non-slum urban settings of Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs): Disease prevalence, determinants, perception, and practices. PLoS One. 2024 Nov 8;19(11): e0309319.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUzarevic Z, Ivanisevic Z, Karl M, Tukara M, Karl D, Matijevic M. Knowledge on Pre-Hospital Emergency Management of Tooth Avulsion among Croatian Students of the Faculty of Education. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Sep 30;17(19):7159.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhan SD, Assiry AA, Al Yami SM, Al Makrami MH, Al Milaq FH, Al Hareth IS, Al Yami HS. Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes of School Teachers Regarding Emergency Management of an Avulsed Permanent Tooth of Southern Region of Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020 Nov-Dec;13(6):644-649.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUthman U. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (Kap) Survey on the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries (Tdis) among Dental Students in Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University (Psau), Alkharj. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2022 Jul;14(Suppl 1): S666-S672.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHui JCY, Chu CH, Chen J. Evaluation of an oral health education training program for kindergarten teachers. Front Oral Health. 2025 Jan 15; 5:1503221.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Children’s dental trauma, Primary school health teachers, Parents’ knowledge, Dental trauma awareness, Dental emergency management","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6387165/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6387165/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground\u003c/strong\u003eThis study assesses knowledge gaps and influencing factors among primary school health teachers and parents in Urumqi, aiming to bridge disparities in dental trauma management. By identifying critical gaps—such as misconceptions about the \"golden 30-minute\" window for avulsed teeth—it provides a foundation for targeted training programs and policy reforms to improve pediatric oral health outcomes\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterials and methods \u003c/strong\u003eA total of 267 primary school health teachers and 1,420 parents from four districts were randomly sampled from all seven districts in Urumqi. They were surveyed voluntarily over six months using a Chinese-language questionnaire. The data were analyzed using constituent ratio and chi-square tests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults \u003c/strong\u003eThe survey received 249 valid questionnaires from primary school health teachers and 1,420 from parents across the four districts. According to the statistical results, 66.3% (165) of the teachers had encountered children's dental trauma. Notably, merely 34.3% of health teachers had received formal training in dental trauma management. In cases of tooth avulsion, very few health teachers (3.7%, 6) chose to reinsert the avulsed tooth into the alveolar socket. Regarding the storage medium for avulsed teeth, 18.3% (30) of the health teachers chose milk, 45.5% (76) chose physiological saline, and 9.0% (15) instructed the child to hold the avulsed tooth in their mouth. As for the extra-oral time for avulsed teeth, 46.8% (79) of the teachers believed that the avulsed tooth should be treated within half an hour.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions\u003c/strong\u003eOur findings demonstrate significant knowledge gaps among both parents and school health teachers in managing pediatric dental trauma, despite frequent exposure to such cases. The findings underscore the need for educational campaigns to improve the understanding of children's dental trauma among parents and primary school health teachers in future initiatives.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Knowledge Gaps and Emergency Management Practices of Children’s Dental Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Primary School Health Teachers and Parents in Urumqi","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-29 08:21:15","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6387165/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-06-10T09:31:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-06-02T06:21:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-29T13:45:56+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-27T03:59:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"53075841293995163228600639905512869280","date":"2025-05-27T03:48:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"52730232411954718959926448035791983834","date":"2025-05-22T11:48:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"111729381383664958718576066568700910428","date":"2025-05-20T19:35:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"74815335191146633419405250299124489072","date":"2025-05-20T14:57:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"161856042791906462056706990271855185308","date":"2025-05-20T09:23:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-20T06:42:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T20:19:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T15:41:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-20T10:15:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Oral Health","date":"2025-04-20T10:14:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2bf8f86a-88cd-4371-b642-20714114a14b","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-06T16:07:10+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6387165","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06904-4","journal":{"identity":"bmc-oral-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Oral Health"},"publishedOn":"2025-09-29 15:57:59","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 29th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-29 08:21:15","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12903-025-06904-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06904-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6387165","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6387165","identity":"rs-6387165","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}