Diurnal, Monthly and Seasonal Variation in Ambient Air Pollution and Respiratory Conditions in Selected Industrial Locations in Lagos State, Nigeria

Air pollution levels across industrial clusters are major environmental and health concerns. This study investigated the diurnal, monthly and seasonal concentrations of gaseous and fine particulate matter and respiratory conditions of outdoor workers across selected industrial locations in Lagos State, Nigeria. Field monitoring of air quality and respiratory conditions data for 12 months were used. Diurnal and monthly ambient air quality levels varied over the 12 months. The dry season showed higher pollutants and respiratory conditions than the wet season and the control site. Asthma, Pneumonia, and upper and lower respiratory tract infections accounted for the major outdoor respiratory conditions among under-five and the youths. ANOVA, t-test and multiple regression analyses at ρ < 0.05 showed significant variation in ambient sulfur(iv)oxide, nitrogen(iv)oxide and fine particulate matters across the study area. A significant relationship was found between carbon(ii)oxide, sulfur(iv)oxide, nitrogen(iv)oxide, fine particulate matter and respiratory conditions across the study area. The quality of both diurnal, monthly and seasonal concentrations of air was higher than the 2021 WHO air quality guidelines. Hence, continuous air quality monitoring, tree planting and greening, development of road infrastructures, use of high-quality fuels and bio-fuels, and mist collectors will significantly improve the air quality levels to the WHO acceptable guidelines across the study area.