Expanding the footprint of the Storegga tsunami: New evidence from Arctic sediments

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However, the catastrophic event may have had impacts extending to distances much greater than previously recognized, which remain elusive. Here, we investigated the Storegga slide-induced tsunami currents propagation to farther north and the potential disturbance created to the sediment by analyzing a well-dated sediment core section from the northwestern Barents Sea. A thick, reworked sediment layer, characterized by a coarser lower boundary and a fining upward grading trend, dated between 8077±128 and 8647±145 years BP, contained significantly older recycled foraminiferal tests and exhibited pronounced sedimentary changes with strong terrestrial signals. The findings imply that widespread high flow velocities of the tsunami waves might have reached as far north as 74°N, contributing to significant sediment reworking in the northwestern Barents Sea. Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Palaeoceanography Earth and environmental sciences/Ocean sciences/Marine chemistry Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Climate-change impacts Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Underwater submarine landslides have significant tsunami potential. These tsunamis generate powerful currents that can disturb the seabed and rework offshore sediments. The Storegga slide, a massive submarine slope failure off the continental shelf of central Norway dated to 8140 ± 55 years BP 1,2 triggered a catastrophic tsunami event that affected the broad region 2,3 . Deposits from this giant tsunami have previously been extensively documented from Norway 4,5 , the Shetland 6 , the Faroe Islands 7 , the east coast of Greenland 8 , and the north and east coasts of Scotland 9-11 . Although several hypotheses exist to explain the cause of this mega submarine slide, the vulnerable interlayering of glacial debris flows and hemipelagic sediments, combined with seismic activity from the postglacial rebound, are likely key contributing factors 12,13 . Due to ongoing climate change, the rapid melting of Greenland ice mass is increasing sediment transport to the sea, making slopes less stable and significantly raising the risk of future earthquakes and submarine landslides. The Storegga tsunami coincided in time with the 8200-year BP cold event. Recently, Bondevik, et al. 3 argued that the previous paleoclimate reconstructions of this abrupt cooling around the Storegga event in the region were flawed and should be reconsidered. Their argumentation might apply to areas further north. However, evidence for the Storegga tsunami’s impact on the northern Nordic Seas remains largely unknown. Using computer simulations, Bondevik, et al. 3 demonstrated that tsunami currents could reach as far north as 74°N. Their simulation also suggests that the tsunami propagated further north, capable of moving grains up to 1mm, down to about 1000 m water depth (see Supplementary Figure 3 in Bondevik, et al. 3 ). Investigating the potential disturbance caused by the Storegga tsunami currents farther north from their origin helps to understand the extent of their propagation. In this study, we aimed to answer the question: “ Could Storegga tsunami-induced currents reach and rework sediment at 74°N? ”. Our analysis of a well-dated sediment core section compared to previously published records from the northwestern Barents Sea provides clear evidence of the results of the event. Most notably, our multiproxy results reveal that the Storegga tsunami currents significantly disturbed the seabed and reworked the sediment in the northwestern Barents Sea. Table 1 | Radiocarbon measurements and calibrated ages applying the Marine20 calibration curve. Lab ID Depth (cm) Dated material 14 C age Calibrated age (year BP, 2σ)* Min age Max age Mean age Core KV02 (this study) Above redeposited layer 11348.1.1 21 Mixed benthic foraminifera 6912 ± 78 7221 7422 7317 ± 85 11619.1.1 39 Mixed benthic foraminifera 7698 ± 123 7926 8219 8077 ± 128 Within redeposited layer 14609.1.1 48 Mixed benthic foraminifera 12401 ± 129 a 13503 14331 13904 ± 133 11349.1.1 53 Mixed benthic foraminifera 23722 ± 278 a 26560 27707 27189 ± 278 14610.1.1 55 Mixed benthic foraminifera 13396 ± 140 a 14996 15843 15414 ± 144 Below redeposited layer 11620.1.1 61 Mixed benthic foraminifera 8199 ± 141 8436 8838 8647 ± 145 11350.1.1 81 Mixed benthic foraminifera 9577 ± 107 10235 10552 10407 ± 112 Core JM09-KA11-GC Above sandy unit Beta-315193 44.5 Benthic foraminifera 6890 ± 40 14 7139 7457 7298 ± 52 Tra-1067 55 Benthic foraminifera 7630 ± 45 15 7833 8176 8003± 56 Within sandy unit Beta-315194 80.5 Benthic foraminifera 9140 ± 40 14 9582 10079 9815 ± 52 Below sandy unit Tra-1068 82.5 Mollusc shell 8140 ± 50 15 8356 8775 8546 ± 60 Tra-1069 82.5 Mollusc shell 8315 ± 50 15 8565 8996 8786 ± 60 *Calibrated AMS radiocarbon ages to calendar years of core KV02 and JM09-KA11-GC 14,15 using the Marine20 dataset applying a regional radiocarbon reservoir offset (ΔR) of -92 ± 34 years (see Methods). a Reversal ages caused by tsunami currents induced sediment reworking (see below). Results And Discussion Lithology and Chronology Gravity core OCE22-KV02-GC (hereafter KV02) was retrieved from the western Barents Sea (74°50.296N, 16°1.3403E, 374 m water depth) during the AREX expedition with R/V Oceania in summer 2022 (Fig. 1). The 1.4 m long sediment core primarily consists of grayish fine-grained mud (silty clay). However, visual core description, physical properties, and grain size reveal a lithologically distinct sediment interval between 41-59cm of core depth (Fig. 2). This relatively brighter sediment layer, characterized by erosive basal contact, suggests the presence of a hiatus. For example, the high ice-rafted debris (IRD) content and coarse grain sediment indicate a finning upward grading trend within this interval. A prominent sediment mixing was found within this sediment layer. As also shown in Table 1, all three radiocarbon dates from this interval are exclusively older than those from the margins of the reworked layer. These stratigraphically inverted ages therefore considered as outliers, the ages ranged from the late glacial to deglacial period (Table 1; Fig. 2). This 18 cm thick layer of sediment redeposition, characterized by anomalously old ages, was likely caused by massive sediment movement induced by highly energetic causes. Evidence of the Storegga tsunami currents at Northwestern Barents Sea Studied sediment core KV02 revealed very distinct sedimentary changes within a 41-59 cm depth interval, identified as a redeposited mixed sediment layer (Fig. 2). The upper and lower boundaries of this reworked layer were dated to 8077±128 (39 cm) and 8647±145 (61 cm), respectively (Table 1). Proxies from this interval exhibit well-defined anomalies within an 18 cm thick layer, including substantial changes in foraminifera species, ice-rafted debris, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, stable isotopes, and terrestrial signals. The abrupt decrease in magnetic susceptibility through this part of the record suggests a sudden change in sediment transport to the area (Fig. 1). The lower boundary of the redeposited layer is particularly erosive and composed of sandy materials and shows fining upward grading trend (Fig. 3). Oxygen isotope values (d 18 O) of benthic Elphidium clavatum decrease from 3.51‰ (61 cm) to 3.04‰ (55 cm) and 3.05‰ (53 cm) within this sandy layer (Fig. 3). These values suggest that low salinity bottom water prevailed during period when the foraminiferal tests were being calcified. Radiocarbon dating of these lighter d 18 O layers yielded ages of 15414±144 and 27189 ±278 years BP, respectively (Table 1; Fig. 3). We propose that these changes in benthic d 18 O, magnetic susceptibility, along with erosion and reworking, were caused by tsunami currents originated from the Storegga slide. Similar sandy sediment layers have been documented in offshore sediment deposits following the Storegga tsunami in the Norwegian Sea 3 and in a core from a coastal lake inundated by tsunami waves in east Greenland 8 . Sorted sand layers and fining upward trend akin to our observation were identified in deposits after the 2011 Tohoku tsunami in Japan 16 . The foraminiferal species identified in this reworked sediment layer are poorly preserved and occur in low counts. A higher abundance of E. clavatum and larger test-bearing Cibicidoides lobatulus correlates with coarser sediment and lower magnetic susceptibility. Knudsen, et al. 17 documented a similar distinct minimum in magnetic susceptibility, accompanied by a peak of chronologically old C. lobatulus tests between 8200 and 8000 years BP from the North Icelandic shelf. They also attributed this pattern to sediment reworking. Bondevik, et al. 3 considered this evidence and suggested that the Storegga tsunami likely caused the reworking. A large part of the reworked layer exhibits elevated terrestrial signals. Increased level of land-derived sterols, such as campesterol and sitosterol, along with elevated Fe/Ca and sedaDNA relative abundances of terrestrial plants (see Methods), correlates well with magnetic susceptibility and total organic carbon data (Fig. 2). We think these pronounced terrestrial signals within the reworked layer may result from the resuspension and redeposition of older sediments. Alternatively, turbidity currents that have been produced by the tsunami from the Norwegian coast could have transported terrestrial materials farther north, carried by the tsunami-induced currents. One might argue that the propagation of Storegga tsunami currents to distal locations, such as our study site, seems unlikely. However, the maximum recorded distal impacts of the Storegga tsunami from its origin are approximately 1200 km to the southern North Sea 18 and about 950 km to East Greenland 8 (Supplementary Fig. 1). The distance from our study site to Storegga slide is about 1250 km which has been shown to be a realistic propagation range 19 . Our multiproxy evidence including sedimentary and other data consistently supports the coherent conclusion of a disturbed seabed and reworked at our site. Supporting this evidence, computer simulation suggests that tsunami-generated strong flow velocities could reach as far north as 74°N, with the potential to disrupt offshore sediment 3 . Rüther, et al. 15 identified a prominent sandy unit with a well-developed erosional base in core JM09-KA11-GC, dated to approximately 8200 years BP, in the northeastern Barents Sea (Fig. 1). The authors proposed that the erosion was most likely caused by the Storegga tsunami currents. Core JM09-KA11-GC, collected at 345 m water depth, is located nearly 18 km east of our coring site. Furthermore, an old radiocarbon date from this sandy unit of the core JM09-KA11-GC was observed by Berben, et al. 14 , which contrasts with radiocarbon dates from the adjacent sediments (Table 1). However, Berben, et al. 14 incorporate this older radiocarbon date into their age model, while discarding the younger date below the sandy layer (Table 1). We think this approach could be problematic. Instead, the younger age below the sandy unit may provide a more realistic age-depth model, as this sandy unit was likely reworked by the Storegga tsunami. Conclusions The sedimentary record from core KV02 revealed a distinct layer of reworked sediment with anomalous characteristics thus providing strong evidence for a significant disturbance event around 8,200 years ago, likely caused by the Storegga slide tsunami. This conclusion is supported by a suite of proxy indicators, including abrupt decrease in magnetic susceptibility coupled with a coarser lower boundary, a fining upward grading trend, and elevated terrestrial signals within this reworked layer. Our findings from this study highlight the extent of Storegga tsunami impacts reaching farther north than previously recognized, consequently, the interpretation of the 8.2 kyr BP event in the regions as far north as 74°N should be approached with caution. Our study also contribute to the understanding of the impact of large-scale geological events, such as submarine landslides, on marine environments. The potential for future tsunami hazards in Greenland, particularly those triggered by glacial retreat and climate change, is a growing concern. Recent events, such as the 2017 Nuugaatsiaq tsunami and the 2023 Dickson Fjord megatsunami, have highlighted the significant risk posed by glacial landslides and calving events. As the Greenland ice sheet continues to melt and destabilize due to rising global temperatures, the frequency and intensity of such events may increase, and our study shows that its potential impact can be broader than previously thought. Methods Core handling After the sediment core opening, the visual description was performed and color information was obtained based on the Munsell Soil Color Chart. Sediment is mostly light-colored (olive-gray to grayish green) homogenous fine-grained mud and represents continuous sedimentation with no sign of redeposition. The 1.42 m long core was sliced at 1 cm intervals, freeze-dried, and wet sieved through 63, 100, and 500 µm mesh. AMS- 14 C dating The nine radiocarbon dates were obtained from specimens of the mixed benthic foraminifera sample dated at the MICADAS facility at the Alfred-Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven, Germany (Fig. 2, Table 1). The resulting raw radiocarbon dates from OCE22-KV02-GC and presented radiocarbon dates from JM09-KA11-GC (Table 1) were calibrated to calendar ages in the CALIB 14 C software (8.2.0; Stuiver, et al. 20 ) using the Marine20 dataset 21 and applying a regional radiocarbon reservoir offset (ΔR) of -92 ± 34 years. This ΔR value of −92 ± 34 years corresponds to 67 ± 34 years relative to the Marine04 calibration curve based on data from near Bear Island 22 . We used http://calib.org/marine/ (last accessed 2024/04/08) to obtain the ΔR value relative to the Marine20 calibration curve. Foraminiferal analyses Foraminiferal analyses were performed on specimens from the >100 µm fraction. The abundance of planktic foraminifera was very low throughout the analyzed core section. When necessary, residues were split using a dry microsplitter, and the total number of foraminifera was calculated. Picked foraminifera were identified under a stereo-microscope. The taxonomic classification was performed mostly at the species level, using the generic classification of Loeblich Jr and Tappan 23 . Stable isotopes Oxygen and carbon stable isotope compositions of tests of the infaunal foraminifer species Elphidium clavatum were determined. All samples were cleaned in methanol, and measurements were performed using a Thermo Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer with a Kiel III automatic carbonate preparation device at the Light Stable Isotope Mass Spec Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, USA. Measurement precision was better than ±0.04‰ and ±0.02‰ for oxygen and carbon isotopes, respectively. Ice-rafted debris The ice-rafted debris (IRD) counted grains larger than 500 µm under a stereo-microscope. The number of IRD/g dry sediment was calculated. Biomarker analysis Polar steroids were extracted from sediments and analyzed using GC/MS according to the procedure described in detail elsewhere 24,25 . Briefly, the freeze-dried sediment sample spiked with the surrogate standard was sonication-extracted with a dichloromethane: methanol (2:1 v/v) mixture. After extraction, the raw extract was concentrated by rotary evaporation, saponified with 5% KOH in methanol and, then liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform was performed. The combined chloroform fractions were concentrated by rotary evaporation, derivatized to produce the trimethylsilyl derivatives, and analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer detector (GCMS-QP2010 Ultra; Shimadzu) according to the procedure described in Szymczak-Żyła and Lubecki 24 . Organic bulk sediment parameters Total organic carbon (TOC) was measured on homogenized bulk sediment samples using the combustion technique with chromatographic detection, performed with a Thermo Flash 2000 elemental analyzer. The TOC measurements were performed after removing residual carbonate by adding hydrochloric acid. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry We measured the relative elemental composition of the core segment using an Olympus Vanta M series portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer, at the Department of Paleoceanography, Institute of Oceanology, Poland. The core surface was covered with 4mm polypropylene film to reduce the contaminations. The instrument uses a Rh anode X-ray tube (8-50 kV) as the excitation source. The instrument was operated in Geochem Mode with a scanning time of 45 seconds per beam. The instrument completed one whole scan in 90 seconds by scanning via two beams in sequence. For the interpretation, element ratios, rather than individual elements, are used to prevent closed-sum effects. Sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) The laboratory analysis and data processing were performed according to Nguyen, et al. 26 . In brief, total DNA was isolated from approximately 10 g of sediment and further PCR amplified targeting the eukaryotic18S V9 rRNA fragment 27 . The sequencing was performed with the NovaSeq 6000 instrument (Illumina, USA) in paired-end reading mode 2×150 cycles at the Center of New Technologies (CeNT, University of Warsaw, Poland). Sequencing data was analyzed using the web application SLIM 28 . Sequences were clustered into amplicon sequence variants (ASV) and assigned using VSEARCH against the taxonomically curated PR2 database v.5.0.1 29 with 95% similarity. Declarations Acknowledgments. We would like to thank Agnieszka Kujawa for helping with the foraminiferal identifications. We also extend our gratitude to the R/V Oceania crew who helped during sediment core retrieval. Author contributions. DD, NS, JP, and MZ collected the sediment core. DD and MZ conceptualized the idea of the manuscript and DD wrote the original draft of the manuscript. DD, MŁ, NS, HN, JP, MK and MS-Ż performed the formal analysis. All authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript. Funding. The research was financially supported by the Norwegian Financial Mechanism for 2014-2021, project no 2019/34/H/ST10/00682. MŁ, MZ, and NS contributions were supported by the National Science Centre in Poland through project 2022/45/B/ST10/02033. Support for this work also came from the Johanna M. Resig Fellowship granted to DD by the Cushman Foundation. Competing interests. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. References 1 Bondevik, S., Stormo, S. K. & Skjerdal, G. Green mosses date the Storegga tsunami to the chilliest decades of the 8.2 ka cold event. Quaternary Science Reviews 45 , 1-6, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.020 (2012). 2 Bondevik, S. et al. The Storegga Slide tsunami—comparing field observations with numerical simulations. Marine and Petroleum Geology 22 , 195-208, doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2004.10.003 (2005). 3 Bondevik, S., Risebrobakken, B., Gibbons, S. J., Rasmussen, T. L. & Lovholt, F. 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A., Pawlowski, J. & Cordier, T. J. B. b. SLIM: a flexible web application for the reproducible processing of environmental DNA metabarcoding data. 20 , 1-6 (2019). 29 Guillou, L. et al. The Protist Ribosomal Reference database (PR2): a catalog of unicellular eukaryote small sub-unit rRNA sequences with curated taxonomy. 41 , D597-D604 (2012). Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files SupplementaryFigure1.pdf Supplementary Figure 1 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5551480","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":385312103,"identity":"b7778841-2320-4eed-9304-521e5f032f8e","order_by":0,"name":"Dhanushka Devendra","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAxklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCAyCCjYGBnxkqwEe0FslmqAAb0VoMDhCrhe94j+HjgrJ78sbHmY89+LmDIY+gFskzZ4yNZ5wrNtx2mC3dsPcMQzFBLQY30tKkedsSGLcd5jGT4G1jSGwjqOX+s/TfQC32m5t5zCT/EqXlBvMxZqCWxA3MPGbSRNkieSb5sDTPuYTkGUC/GMu2SRD2C9/xg42fecoSbPv7Dx97+LbNJo+fkBZkADJfIoEUHZBIJE3LKBgFo2AUjAgAACBOO07fhO3lAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dhanushka","middleName":"","lastName":"Devendra","suffix":""},{"id":385312104,"identity":"2de3ea25-770b-4796-8a65-db073e98d67b","order_by":1,"name":"Magdalena Łącka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Magdalena","middleName":"","lastName":"Łącka","suffix":""},{"id":385312105,"identity":"b3521198-a971-4bed-a993-523aa580ff68","order_by":2,"name":"Natalia Szymańska","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Natalia","middleName":"","lastName":"Szymańska","suffix":""},{"id":385312106,"identity":"2070af18-a8fd-4247-bedf-23b3a3c88235","order_by":3,"name":"Hasitha Nethupul","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hasitha","middleName":"","lastName":"Nethupul","suffix":""},{"id":385312107,"identity":"f082d549-50c5-49d5-ab95-6f6e73dfe6a8","order_by":4,"name":"Joanna Pawłowska","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joanna","middleName":"","lastName":"Pawłowska","suffix":""},{"id":385312108,"identity":"75febc83-1690-466c-ade7-1c91fc7ad2cb","order_by":5,"name":"Małgorzata Szymczak-Żyła","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Małgorzata","middleName":"","lastName":"Szymczak-Żyła","suffix":""},{"id":385312109,"identity":"68d5d5f6-fa87-45e8-b888-3b0ca785cc27","order_by":6,"name":"Magdalena Krajewska","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Magdalena","middleName":"","lastName":"Krajewska","suffix":""},{"id":385312110,"identity":"b64ad8a2-e53b-448b-9106-56a4af07f066","order_by":7,"name":"Marek Zajączkowski","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Institute of Oceanology Polish Academy of Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marek","middleName":"","lastName":"Zajączkowski","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-29 21:50:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5551480/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5551480/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":70983867,"identity":"f1d21e94-fedb-4bc9-bfdf-bad42f324822","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 00:47:24","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":591420,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Nordic Seas bathymetry map with marked coring locations. \u003c/strong\u003eThe yellow asterisk shows the location of the present study (OCE22-KV02-GC). A red dot is the location of reference core JM09-KA11-GC. Storegga underwater landslide event (brown filled polygon) with associated post-tsunami deposit locations (brown circles; references are mentioned in the text).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5551480/v1/4eefc793600bcc0d054438f6.png"},{"id":70984201,"identity":"6dd7f474-6fa1-424c-956f-8b4028c46c14","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 00:55:24","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":176479,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithology and key data from sediment core KV02.\u003c/strong\u003e From left to right: line camera imagery and lithological log. \u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003eC ages ± errors (years) from sampled intervals. Magnetic susceptibility. sedaDNA relative abundances of terrestrial plants. Land-derived steroid (campesterol and sitosterol). Total organic carbon (wt.%). X-ray fluorescence (Fe/Ca) data (thin line = raw data, thick line = three-point running average). Source data for the data shown in this figure are provided as a Source Data file.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5551480/v1/ad2b13ee0e4b655f65438011.png"},{"id":70984334,"identity":"2ec09ba6-a1a4-4d24-89ff-1c349f1d07a6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 01:03:24","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":469222,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCombined records of bulk parameters, foraminiferal, and stable oxygen isotope from core KV02\u003c/strong\u003e. From bottom to top: IRD concentration (\u0026gt;0.5 mm grains per gram), percentage of coarse fraction (\u0026gt;63%), benthic foraminiferal δ\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC, benthic foraminiferal δ\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO, percentage of \u003cem\u003eElphidium clavatum\u003c/em\u003e, percentage of \u003cem\u003eCibicides lobatulus\u003c/em\u003e, sedaDNA relative abundances of terrestrial plants, magnetic susceptibility. Gray shadings indicate a redeposited layer. Symbols next to the bottom x-axis indicate AMS \u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003eC dates.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5551480/v1/30f8f152d830d08243338425.png"},{"id":72834370,"identity":"38b87563-a45a-4c1b-8178-5c3e9cd2351a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-02 16:33:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1786545,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5551480/v1/8f4b0ef3-241a-46de-b00a-a4a6735d3315.pdf"},{"id":70983866,"identity":"64afc7e9-543a-4bf0-a6c2-a17ae6474005","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-10 00:47:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":428636,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Supplementary Figure 1","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryFigure1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5551480/v1/bb22f78f6bc4097d36f9c2dc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"There is \u003cb\u003eNO\u003c/b\u003e Competing Interest.","formattedTitle":"Expanding the footprint of the Storegga tsunami: New evidence from Arctic sediments","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eUnderwater submarine landslides have significant tsunami potential. These tsunamis generate powerful currents that can disturb the seabed and rework offshore sediments. The Storegga slide, a massive submarine slope failure off the continental shelf of central Norway dated to 8140 \u0026plusmn; 55 years BP\u003csup\u003e1,2\u003c/sup\u003e triggered a catastrophic tsunami event that affected the broad region \u003csup\u003e2,3\u003c/sup\u003e. Deposits from this giant tsunami have previously been extensively documented from Norway\u003csup\u003e4,5\u003c/sup\u003e, the Shetland\u003csup\u003e6\u003c/sup\u003e, the Faroe Islands\u003csup\u003e7\u003c/sup\u003e,\u0026nbsp;the\u0026nbsp;east coast of Greenland\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e, and the north and east coasts of Scotland\u003csup\u003e9-11\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough several hypotheses exist to explain the cause of this mega submarine slide, the vulnerable interlayering of glacial debris flows and hemipelagic sediments, combined with seismic activity from the postglacial rebound, are likely key contributing factors\u003csup\u003e12,13\u003c/sup\u003e. Due to ongoing climate change, the rapid melting of Greenland ice mass is increasing sediment transport to the sea, making slopes less stable and significantly raising the risk of future earthquakes and submarine landslides.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Storegga tsunami coincided in time with the 8200-year BP cold event. Recently, Bondevik, et al. \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e argued that the previous paleoclimate reconstructions of this abrupt cooling around the Storegga event in the region were flawed and should be reconsidered. Their argumentation might apply to areas further north. However, evidence for the Storegga tsunami\u0026rsquo;s impact on the northern Nordic Seas remains largely unknown. Using computer simulations, Bondevik, et al. \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e demonstrated that tsunami currents could reach as far north as 74\u0026deg;N. Their simulation also suggests that the tsunami propagated further north, capable of moving grains up to 1mm, down to about 1000 m water depth (see Supplementary Figure 3 in Bondevik, et al. \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInvestigating the potential disturbance caused by the Storegga tsunami currents farther north from their origin helps to understand the extent of their propagation. In this study, we aimed to answer the question: \u0026ldquo;\u003cem\u003eCould Storegga tsunami-induced currents reach and rework sediment at 74\u0026deg;N?\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rdquo;. Our analysis of a well-dated sediment core section compared to previously published records from the northwestern Barents Sea provides clear evidence of the results of the event. Most notably, our multiproxy results reveal that the Storegga tsunami currents significantly disturbed the seabed and reworked the sediment in the northwestern Barents Sea.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman Italic\";color:black;'\u003eTable 1 | Radiocarbon measurements and calibrated ages applying the Marine20 calibration curve.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"border-collapse: collapse;border: none;width: 606px;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:63.0pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:16px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eLab ID\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:49.5pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDepth (cm)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:1.75in;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDated material\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:67.5pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;background:#E7E6E6;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:9.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eC age\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 148.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(231, 230, 230);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eCalibrated age \u0026nbsp;(year BP, 2\u0026sigma;)*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(231, 230, 230);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMin age\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(231, 230, 230);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMax age\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(231, 230, 230);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMean age\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width:454.5pt;border:none;background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eCore KV02 (this study)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 454.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eAbove redeposited layer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e11348.1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMixed benthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6912 \u0026plusmn; 78\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7221\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7422\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7317 \u0026plusmn; 85\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e11619.1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMixed benthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7698 \u0026plusmn; 123\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7926\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8219\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8077 \u0026plusmn; 128\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 454.5pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eWithin redeposited layer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e14609.1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMixed benthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e12401 \u0026plusmn; 129\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e13503\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e14331\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e13904 \u0026plusmn; 133\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border: none;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e11349.1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border: none;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMixed benthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23722 \u0026plusmn; 278\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border: none;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e26560\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e27707\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border: none;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e27189 \u0026plusmn; 278\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e14610.1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMixed benthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e13396 \u0026plusmn; 140\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e14996\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e15843\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e15414 \u0026plusmn; 144\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 454.5pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eBelow redeposited layer\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e11620.1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMixed benthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8199 \u0026plusmn; 141\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8436\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8838\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8647 \u0026plusmn; 145\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e11350.1.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMixed benthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9577 \u0026plusmn; 107\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e10235\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e10552\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e10407 \u0026plusmn; 112\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border: none;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width:454.5pt;border:none;border-top: solid windowtext 1.0pt;background: white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.2pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eCore JM09-KA11-GC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 454.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eAbove sandy unit\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eBeta-315193\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e44.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eBenthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6890 \u0026plusmn; 40\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7139\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7457\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7298 \u0026plusmn; 52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eTra-1067\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eBenthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7630 \u0026plusmn; 45\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7833\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8176\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8003\u0026plusmn; 56\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 454.5pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eWithin sandy unit\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eBeta-315194\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e80.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eBenthic foraminifera\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9140 \u0026plusmn; 40\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9582\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e10079\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(217, 226, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9815 \u0026plusmn; 52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 454.5pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.2in;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eBelow sandy unit\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eTra-1068\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e82.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMollusc shell\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8140 \u0026plusmn; 50\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8356\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8775\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-right: none;border-bottom: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-top: 1pt dotted windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8546 \u0026plusmn; 60\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eTra-1069\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e82.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.75in;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMollusc shell\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8315 \u0026plusmn; 50\u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8565\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8996\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(226, 239, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 16.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;line-height:normal;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8786 \u0026plusmn; 60\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:11.0pt;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;text-indent:.3in;line-height:150%;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman Italic\";color:black;'\u003e*Calibrated AMS radiocarbon ages to calendar years of core KV02 and\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:12px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003eJM09-KA11-GC\u003csup\u003e14,15\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman Italic\";color:black;'\u003eusing the Marine20 dataset applying a regional radiocarbon reservoir offset (\u0026Delta;R) of -92 \u0026plusmn; 34 years (see Methods). \u003csup\u003ea\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eReversal ages caused by tsunami currents induced sediment reworking (see below).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results And Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithology and Chronology\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGravity core OCE22-KV02-GC (hereafter KV02) was retrieved from the western Barents Sea (74\u0026deg;50.296N, 16\u0026deg;1.3403E, 374 m water depth) during the AREX expedition with R/V \u003cem\u003eOceania\u003c/em\u003e in summer 2022 (Fig. 1). The 1.4 m long sediment core primarily consists of grayish fine-grained mud (silty clay). However, visual core description, physical properties, and grain size reveal a lithologically distinct sediment interval between 41-59cm of core depth (Fig. 2). This relatively brighter sediment layer, characterized by erosive basal contact, suggests the presence of a hiatus. For example, the high ice-rafted debris (IRD) content and coarse grain sediment indicate a finning upward grading trend within this interval. A prominent sediment mixing was found within this sediment layer. As also shown in Table 1, all three radiocarbon dates from this interval are exclusively older than those from the margins of the reworked layer. These stratigraphically inverted ages therefore considered as outliers, \u0026nbsp;the ages ranged from the late glacial to deglacial period (Table 1; Fig. 2). This 18 cm thick layer of sediment redeposition, characterized by anomalously old ages, was likely caused by massive sediment movement induced by highly energetic causes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvidence of the Storegga tsunami currents at Northwestern Barents Sea\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudied sediment core KV02 revealed very distinct sedimentary changes within a 41-59 cm depth interval, identified as a redeposited mixed sediment layer (Fig. 2). The upper and lower boundaries of this reworked layer were dated to\u0026nbsp;8077\u0026plusmn;128 (39 cm) and 8647\u0026plusmn;145 (61 cm), respectively (Table 1). Proxies from this interval exhibit well-defined anomalies within an 18 cm thick layer, including substantial changes in foraminifera species, ice-rafted debris, grain size, magnetic susceptibility, stable isotopes, and terrestrial signals.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe abrupt decrease in magnetic susceptibility through this part of the record suggests a sudden change in sediment transport to the area (Fig. 1).\u0026nbsp;The lower boundary of the redeposited layer is particularly erosive and composed of sandy materials and shows fining upward grading trend (Fig. 3). Oxygen isotope values (d\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO) of benthic\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Elphidium clavatum\u003c/em\u003e decrease from 3.51\u0026permil; (61 cm) to 3.04\u0026permil; (55 cm) and 3.05\u0026permil; (53 cm) within this sandy layer (Fig. 3). These values suggest that low salinity bottom water prevailed during period when the foraminiferal tests were being calcified. Radiocarbon dating of these lighter\u0026nbsp;d\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO layers yielded ages of 15414\u0026plusmn;144 and 27189 \u0026plusmn;278 years BP, respectively (Table 1; Fig. 3). We propose that these changes in benthic\u0026nbsp;d\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO, magnetic susceptibility, along with erosion and reworking, were caused by tsunami currents originated from the Storegga slide. Similar sandy sediment layers have been documented in offshore sediment deposits following the Storegga tsunami in the Norwegian Sea\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e and in a core from a coastal lake inundated by tsunami waves in east Greenland\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e. Sorted sand layers and fining upward trend akin to our observation were identified in deposits after the 2011 Tohoku tsunami in Japan\u003csup\u003e16\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe foraminiferal species identified in this reworked sediment layer are poorly preserved and occur in low counts. A higher abundance of \u003cem\u003eE. clavatum\u003c/em\u003e and larger test-bearing \u003cem\u003eCibicidoides lobatulus\u003c/em\u003e correlates with coarser sediment and lower magnetic susceptibility. Knudsen, et al. \u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003e documented a similar distinct minimum in magnetic susceptibility, accompanied by a peak of chronologically old \u003cem\u003eC. lobatulus\u003c/em\u003e tests between 8200 and 8000 years BP from the North Icelandic shelf. They also attributed this pattern to sediment reworking. Bondevik, et al. \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e considered this evidence and suggested that the Storegga tsunami likely caused the reworking.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA large part of the reworked layer exhibits elevated terrestrial signals. Increased level of land-derived sterols, such as campesterol and sitosterol, along with elevated Fe/Ca and sedaDNA relative abundances of terrestrial plants (see Methods), correlates well with magnetic susceptibility and total organic carbon data (Fig. 2). We think these pronounced terrestrial signals within the reworked layer may result from the resuspension and redeposition of older sediments. Alternatively, turbidity currents that have been produced by the tsunami from the Norwegian coast could have transported terrestrial materials farther north, carried by the tsunami-induced currents.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne might argue that the propagation of Storegga tsunami currents to distal locations, such as our study site, seems unlikely. However, the maximum recorded distal impacts of the Storegga tsunami from its origin are approximately 1200 km to the southern North Sea\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003e and about 950 km to East Greenland\u003csup\u003e8\u003c/sup\u003e (Supplementary Fig. 1). The distance from our study site to Storegga slide is about 1250 km which has been shown to be a realistic propagation range\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e. Our multiproxy evidence including sedimentary and other data consistently supports the coherent conclusion of a disturbed seabed and reworked at our site. Supporting this evidence, computer simulation suggests that tsunami-generated strong flow velocities could reach as far north as 74\u0026deg;N, with the potential to disrupt offshore sediment\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;R\u0026uuml;ther, et al. \u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003e identified a prominent sandy unit with a well-developed erosional base in core JM09-KA11-GC, dated to approximately 8200 years BP, in the northeastern Barents Sea (Fig. 1). The authors proposed that the erosion was most likely caused by the Storegga tsunami currents. Core JM09-KA11-GC, collected at 345 m water depth, is located nearly 18 km east of our coring site. \u0026nbsp;Furthermore, an old radiocarbon date from this sandy unit of the core JM09-KA11-GC was observed by\u0026nbsp;Berben, et al. \u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e, which contrasts with radiocarbon dates from the adjacent sediments (Table 1). However,\u0026nbsp;Berben, et al. \u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003e incorporate this older radiocarbon date into their age model, while discarding the younger date below the sandy layer (Table 1). We think this approach could be problematic. Instead, the younger age below the sandy unit may provide a more realistic age-depth model, as this sandy unit was likely reworked by the Storegga tsunami.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe sedimentary record from core KV02 revealed a distinct layer of reworked sediment with anomalous characteristics thus providing strong evidence for a significant disturbance event around 8,200 years ago, likely caused by the Storegga slide tsunami. This conclusion is supported by a suite of proxy indicators, including abrupt decrease in magnetic susceptibility coupled with a coarser lower boundary, a fining upward grading trend, and elevated terrestrial signals within this reworked layer. Our findings from this study highlight the extent of Storegga tsunami impacts reaching farther north than previously recognized, consequently, the interpretation of the 8.2 kyr BP event in the regions as far north as 74\u0026deg;N should be approached with caution. Our study also contribute to the understanding of the impact of large-scale geological events, such as submarine landslides, on marine environments. The potential for future tsunami hazards in Greenland, particularly those triggered by glacial retreat and climate change, is a growing concern. Recent events, such as the 2017 Nuugaatsiaq tsunami and the 2023 Dickson Fjord megatsunami, have highlighted the significant risk posed by glacial landslides and calving events. As the Greenland ice sheet continues to melt and destabilize due to rising global temperatures, the frequency and intensity of such events may increase, and our study shows that its potential impact can be broader than previously thought.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCore handling\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the sediment core opening, the visual description was performed and color information was obtained based on the Munsell Soil Color Chart. Sediment is mostly light-colored (olive-gray to grayish green)\u0026nbsp;homogenous\u0026nbsp;fine-grained mud and represents continuous sedimentation with no sign of redeposition. The 1.42 m long core was sliced at 1 cm intervals, freeze-dried, and wet sieved through 63, 100, and 500 \u0026micro;m mesh.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAMS-\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003eC dating\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;The nine radiocarbon dates were obtained from specimens of the mixed benthic foraminifera sample dated at the MICADAS facility at the Alfred-Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven, Germany\u0026nbsp;(Fig. 2, Table 1). The resulting raw radiocarbon dates from OCE22-KV02-GC\u0026nbsp;and presented radiocarbon dates from JM09-KA11-GC (Table 1) were calibrated to calendar ages in the CALIB\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003eC software (8.2.0;\u0026nbsp;Stuiver, et al. \u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e) using the Marine20 dataset \u003csup\u003e21\u003c/sup\u003e and applying\u0026nbsp;a regional radiocarbon reservoir offset (\u0026Delta;R) of -92 \u0026plusmn; 34 years. This \u0026Delta;R value of \u0026minus;92 \u0026plusmn; 34 years corresponds to 67 \u0026plusmn; 34 years relative to the Marine04 calibration curve based on data from near Bear Island\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003e. We used http://calib.org/marine/ (last accessed 2024/04/08) to obtain the \u0026Delta;R value relative to the Marine20 calibration curve.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForaminiferal analyses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eForaminiferal analyses were performed on specimens from the \u0026gt;100 \u0026micro;m fraction. \u0026nbsp;The abundance of planktic foraminifera was very low throughout the\u0026nbsp;analyzed core section. When necessary, residues were split using a dry microsplitter, and the total number of foraminifera was calculated. Picked foraminifera were identified under a stereo-microscope. The taxonomic classification was performed mostly at the species level, using the generic classification of Loeblich Jr and Tappan \u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStable isotopes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOxygen and carbon stable isotope compositions of tests of the infaunal foraminifer species \u003cem\u003eElphidium clavatum\u003c/em\u003e were determined. All samples were cleaned in methanol, and measurements were performed using a Thermo Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer with a Kiel III automatic carbonate preparation device at the Light Stable Isotope Mass Spec Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, USA. Measurement precision was better than \u0026plusmn;0.04\u0026permil; and \u0026plusmn;0.02\u0026permil; for oxygen and carbon isotopes, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIce-rafted debris\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ice-rafted debris (IRD) counted grains larger than 500 \u0026micro;m under a stereo-microscope. The number of IRD/g dry sediment was calculated.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eBiomarker analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePolar steroids were extracted from sediments and analyzed using GC/MS according to the procedure described in detail elsewhere\u003csup\u003e24,25\u003c/sup\u003e. Briefly, the freeze-dried sediment sample spiked with the surrogate standard was sonication-extracted with a dichloromethane: methanol (2:1 v/v) mixture. After extraction, the raw extract was concentrated by rotary evaporation, saponified with 5% KOH in methanol and, then liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform was performed. The combined chloroform fractions were concentrated by rotary evaporation, derivatized to produce the trimethylsilyl derivatives, and analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer detector (GCMS-QP2010 Ultra; Shimadzu) according to the procedure described in Szymczak-Żyła and Lubecki \u003csup\u003e24\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganic bulk sediment parameters\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTotal organic carbon (TOC) was measured on homogenized bulk sediment samples\u0026nbsp;using the combustion technique with chromatographic detection, performed with a Thermo Flash 2000 elemental analyzer. The TOC measurements were performed after removing residual carbonate by adding hydrochloric acid.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eX-ray fluorescence spectrometry\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe measured the relative elemental composition of the core segment using an Olympus Vanta M series portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer, at the Department of Paleoceanography, Institute of Oceanology, Poland. The core surface was covered with 4mm polypropylene film to reduce the contaminations. The instrument uses a Rh anode X-ray tube (8-50 kV) as the excitation source. The instrument was operated in Geochem Mode with a scanning time of 45 seconds per beam. The instrument completed one whole scan in 90 seconds by scanning via two beams in sequence. For the interpretation, element ratios, rather than individual elements, are used to prevent closed-sum effects.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe laboratory analysis and data processing were performed according to Nguyen, et al. \u003csup\u003e26\u003c/sup\u003e. In brief, total DNA was isolated from approximately 10 g of sediment and further PCR amplified targeting the eukaryotic18S V9 rRNA fragment\u003csup\u003e27\u003c/sup\u003e. The sequencing was performed with the NovaSeq 6000 instrument (Illumina, USA) in paired-end reading mode 2\u0026times;150 cycles at the Center of New Technologies (CeNT, University of Warsaw, Poland). Sequencing data was analyzed using the web application SLIM\u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e. Sequences were clustered into amplicon sequence variants (ASV) and assigned using VSEARCH against the taxonomically curated PR2 database v.5.0.1\u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e with 95% similarity.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments.\u003c/strong\u003e We would like to thank Agnieszka Kujawa for helping with the foraminiferal identifications. We also extend our gratitude to the R/V Oceania crew who helped during sediment core retrieval.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eDD, NS, JP, and MZ collected the sediment core. DD and MZ conceptualized the idea of the manuscript and DD wrote the original draft of the manuscript. DD, MŁ, NS, HN, JP, MK and MS-Ż performed the formal analysis. All authors contributed to the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding.\u003c/strong\u003e The research was financially supported by the Norwegian Financial Mechanism for 2014-2021, project no 2019/34/H/ST10/00682. MŁ, MZ, and NS contributions were supported by the National Science Centre in Poland through project 2022/45/B/ST10/02033. Support for this work also came from the Johanna M. Resig Fellowship granted to DD by the Cushman Foundation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003cp\u003e1\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Bondevik, S., Stormo, S. K. \u0026amp; Skjerdal, G. 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SLIM: a flexible web application for the reproducible processing of environmental DNA metabarcoding data. \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e, 1-6 (2019).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e29\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Guillou, L.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;et al.\u003c/em\u003e The Protist Ribosomal Reference database (PR2): a catalog of unicellular eukaryote small sub-unit rRNA sequences with curated taxonomy. \u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003e41\u003c/strong\u003e, D597-D604 (2012).\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5551480/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5551480/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Previous sedimentary and model-based investigations of the Storegga tsunami were primarily limited to the regions proximal to its origin. However, the catastrophic event may have had impacts extending to distances much greater than previously recognized, which remain elusive. Here, we investigated the Storegga slide-induced tsunami currents propagation to farther north and the potential disturbance created to the sediment by analyzing a well-dated sediment core section from the northwestern Barents Sea. A thick, reworked sediment layer, characterized by a coarser lower boundary and a fining upward grading trend, dated between 8077±128 and 8647±145 years BP, contained significantly older recycled foraminiferal tests and exhibited pronounced sedimentary changes with strong terrestrial signals. The findings imply that widespread high flow velocities of the tsunami waves might have reached as far north as 74°N, contributing to significant sediment reworking in the northwestern Barents Sea.","manuscriptTitle":"Expanding the footprint of the Storegga tsunami: New evidence from Arctic sediments","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-12-10 00:47:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5551480/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"communications-earth-and-environment","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"commsenv","sideBox":"Learn more about [Communications Earth and Environment](https://www.nature.com/commsenv/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Communications Earth \u0026 Environment","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Communications Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"60a7e93c-9de7-467a-b609-f5b474640537","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":41047273,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards"},{"id":41047274,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Palaeoceanography"},{"id":41047275,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Ocean sciences/Marine chemistry"},{"id":41047276,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Climate sciences/Climate change/Climate-change impacts"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-10T19:25:44+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-12-10 00:47:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5551480","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5551480","identity":"rs-5551480","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}