The lifting force of an airplane wing when flying horizontally at high speeds. Explanation of the vortex trail.

The lifting force of an airplane wing when flying horizontally at high speeds. Explanation of the vortex trail. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The lifting force of an airplane wing when flying horizontally at high speeds. Explanation of the vortex trail. Alexander Braginsky This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v5 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 5 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract In this paper, an explanation is given of the lift force of an airplane during horizontal flight. It is shown that during a flight, five vertical forces act on the airplane: gravity; pressure gradient with a minus sign; Archimedes force; potential force and the vortex force obtained from the action minimum. The first three forces were known before. The potential force was also known from the Bernoulli equation, but its effect on the airfoil from the air had not previously been taken into account. The vortex force obtained from the minimum action in the application to a continuous medium was not taken into account in aerodynamics. In horizontal flight the vortex force is directed upwards, it compensates for the gravity of the airplane at high speed commensurate with the speed of sound. The paper provides an explanation of the vortex trail behind the airplane, mentioned in the Millennium problem Navier-Stokes equation. Aeronautics and Astronautics lifting force airfoil vortex trail Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 5 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-51613","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":98203310,"identity":"ff37bade-a8d1-4d66-b268-f251010b1c88","order_by":0,"name":"Alexander Braginsky","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHhAhAaIZHwAZMiRpYTYAMniI1QKm2SSQuLgBfwPvsQ8/flnkyfecMau6UWPBwyB9xgCvFokDfMkze/skig3O9pjdzjkGdBhfDn4tDAd4jBl4eyQSN/DzALWwAbXw8ODXIg/UwvgXqGV+P49Zcc4/IrQYALUw8/yQSGwAOow5t40ILYaH+ZKZZRuADjtzrFg6t0+Ch42HrQCvFrnjvYcZ3/ypS5zfk7zxc863Ojl+HuYNeLUwMAMxYxuIxQFxDxt+9TDwB0SwPyBO8SgYBaNgFIw4AADdfDpR8fwp6wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5626-0248","institution":"Uznyj Federal'nyj Universitet","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alexander","middleName":"","lastName":"Braginsky","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-07-31 10:11:28","currentVersionCode":5,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v5","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v5","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":20307003,"identity":"17a1a035-f662-41ce-8aae-4ab37bbf91e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-04-13 16:39:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":283696,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Braginsky20207S.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-51613/v5_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eThe lifting force of an airplane wing when flying horizontally at high speeds. Explanation of the vortex trail.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-51613/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"lifting force, airfoil, vortex trail","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v5","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v5","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"In this paper, an explanation is given of the lift force of an airplane during horizontal flight. It is shown that during a flight, five vertical forces act on the airplane: gravity; pressure gradient with a minus sign; Archimedes force; potential force and the vortex force obtained from the action minimum. The first three forces were known before. The potential force was also known from the Bernoulli equation, but its effect on the airfoil from the air had not previously been taken into account. The vortex force obtained from the minimum action in the application to a continuous medium was not taken into account in aerodynamics. In horizontal flight the vortex force is directed upwards, it compensates for the gravity of the airplane at high speed commensurate with the speed of sound. The paper provides an explanation of the vortex trail behind the airplane, mentioned in the Millennium problem Navier-Stokes equation.","manuscriptTitle":"The lifting force of an airplane wing when flying horizontally at high speeds. Explanation of the vortex trail.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":5,"date":"2022-04-13 16:39:12","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v5","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":4,"date":"2022-04-12 19:35:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v4","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":3,"date":"2022-04-11 14:30:47","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v3","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":2,"date":"2021-02-26 22:00:28","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2020-08-07 15:29:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-51613/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"db961d02-69ed-4d84-bd27-31324deb7c3d","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 13th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":11815329,"name":"Aeronautics and Astronautics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-04-11T14:19:28+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-04-13 16:39:12","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v5","identity":"rs-51613","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-51613","identity":"rs-51613","version":["v5"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}