Genotoxic Effects of Iprodione and Tebuconazole on Allium cepa meristem cells: concentration and time-dependent responses and implications for hazard assessment

Abstract The present work explores the genotoxicity of fungicides Iprodione (IP) and Tebuconazole (TB) using the Allium cepa assay as in vivo biological model. Both short-term and long-term exposures were studied, revealing concentration-dependent cytological and genotoxic effects. IP exhibited genotoxicity over a wider concentration range (5–50 µg/ml) and required longer exposure, while TB showed more genotoxicity at higher concentrations and shorter exposure times. The study highlights the importance of assessing potential risks associated with fungicide exposure, including handling, disposal, and food residue concerns. The research underscores the genotoxic effects of IP and TB on plant cells and provides valuable insights into their concentration and time-response patterns.