Analysis of The Global Posture of College Students With Chronic Neck Pain

Analysis of The Global Posture of College Students With Chronic Neck Pain | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of The Global Posture of College Students With Chronic Neck Pain Jiugen Zhong, Wenhao Wang, Ligen Yu, Xiaohui Hou This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1089151/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is common, but methods that focus on the cervical spine have not met the patients' medical expectations. Objective: To investigate the global postural difference between students with CNP and healthy people. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy college students without neck pain and 31 students with CNP were recruited and allocated into a control group and a CNP group. Differences in standing postural indicators between the two groups were compared. Results: Compared to the control group, the leg length discrepancy and the right rearfoot angle were larger and the anterior lower limb alignment angle was smaller. In the sagittal plane, the left sagittal lower limb alignment and right cervical alignment angles were larger, while the left and right sagittal body alignment angles in the CNP group were smaller. The odds ratio calculation for the trunk forward lean, right foot valgus, and knee flexion on both sides indicated that these are risk factors for CNP, while knee varus is not a risk factor for CNP. The remaining abnormal postures were shown not to be associated with CNP. Limitation: This study did not conduct in-depth research on the physiological state of the muscles, joints, and other structures, and we did not apply these theories to practice. Conclusions: Abnormal posture in students with CNP is mainly concentrated in the sagittal plane. Trunk forward lean, foot valgus, and knee flexion on both sides are risk factors for CNP. Orthopedics Chronic neck pain global posture kinematic chain Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common condition that not only leads to considerable pain and disability, but it also affects the mental state, reduces work efficiency and quality of life, and represents a significant medical burden. For this reason, CNP has become a public health and social issue [1, 2] . However, to date, the effect of modern medical methods to relieve neck pain and restore neck function in CNP are unsatisfactory. These methods include neck suspenders, analgesic drugs, physical therapy, exercise [3, 4] , manipulation [5–8] , acupuncture [9, 10] , massage [11] , and surgery. In other words, these methods, which focus on the cervical spine, have not met the patient’s medical expectations. Neck pain may occur as a result of imbalances in the biomechanics of the neck and abnormalities in the entire alignment throughout the body. Recent studies have shown that global posture re-education is an effective treatment for chronic pain, including neck and low back pain [12–14] . Meanwhile, some studies have provided evidence that ergonomic assistive devices are useful for correcting poor posture [15] . Interestingly, these results are in line with the human fascia and muscle chain theory proposed by Myers. According to Myers’ “Anatomy Trains - The Myofascial Meridian for Manual and Movement Therapy” [16] , the skeletal muscle system of the human body is a tensile structure. Thus, from a global posture and kinematic chain viewpoint, there must be a connection between the appearance of local symptoms and overall changes in global posture and kinematic chains. Indeed, when a part of the body’s tension changes, it will inevitably cause changes in the tension structure of other parts [16] . Similarly, Dr. Janda, a clinical medical scientist from the Czech Republic, proposes three chains responsible for adaptive changes in a certain part of the body from the perspective of clinical assessment and treatment of pain caused by muscle imbalance, namely, the joint, muscle, and neural chains [17] . A kinematic chain reaction, also known as the “wave effect,” occurs in the entire movement chain of the human body. The primary movement of a joint can produce up, down, left, or right body adjustments. In other words, when a part of the body is under abnormal pressure, other parts of the body also produce abnormal pressure and tension [18, 19] . Deviations within these three chain systems lead to compensatory and adaptive changes in the neuromuscular system. For example, changes in the joint chain affect the function of the muscle and nerve chains, resulting in a corresponding structure and function of the entire kinematic chain. The result of this change is a dysfunctional movement pattern that occurs throughout the body during static standing or exercise, with significant compensatory movements or joint pain. Some studies have found that head extension and rounded shoulder posture in patients with CNP is more prominent than in a healthy population, and that the greater the degree of head extension, the more serious the dysfunction [19] . However, another study showed that forward head posture (FHP) did not differ significantly between groups nor correlate with muscle performance or CNP clinical characteristics [20] . Whether the imbalance of the global posture is a risk of CNP remains unclear. We hypothesize that there is a potential mechanical imbalance or “weakened chain” in the global posture of patients with CNP. The Global Postural Systems (GPS) Lab (model GPS400, Chinesport, Italy) was used to measure global postural indicators of a healthy and CNP population to explore the connections between local structural changes in the neck and global posture, and provide new insights for treating CNP. Methods This cross-sectional study collected data on college students with and without CNP. The GPS Lab, a professional and reliable assessment tool [21] , was used to measure posture. Participants Fifty-eight college students were recruited from five universities in Guangzhou city. Thirty-one students were enrolled in the CNP group, and 27 students without neck pain during the same period were recruited as the control group. All of the participants provided their informed consent. The inclusion criteria of the CNP group were as follows: 1) recurrent neck pain (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] ≥ 3) for more than 3 months; and 2) no history of spinal or trauma surgery. The inclusion criteria of the control group were as follows: 1) no history of neck pain in the past 3 years; 2) no structural abnormalities in the neuromusculoskeletal system and no balance disorders; 3) no history of sports injury or trauma; and 4) no skeletal muscle pain and/or limited joint range of motion in the past week. Subjects with rheumatism, rheumatoid, gout, mandatory spondylitis, tumors, osteoporosis, fractures, intervertebral disc herniation with nerve compression, or vertebral spondylolisthesis, or those who were pregnant, alcoholics, or drug-dependent were excluded. Ethics Ethics approval of this study was obtained from Guangzhou Sport University (ETHICS No. 2018LCLL-12). An information sheet was provided to all participants prior to enrolment of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants. Neck pain and functional indicators A VAS score was used to measure the intensity of neck pain. Neck dysfunction was measured using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Cervical spine mobility of participants was measured in the flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation using a cervical mobility meter (Cervical Test, model 01618, Chinesport, Italy). The muscle strength of the neck muscle groups was tested with portable muscle strength and joint activity meter (MicroFET 3 MT & ROM, model MicroFET 3, Hoggan Scientific, USA). Indicators of global posture included the vertical body position, sagittal alignment of the body, sagittal lower limb alignment, shoulder angle, cervical angle, sagittal head angle, rearfoot angle, anterior lower limb alignment, quadriceps angle (Q angle), bilateral anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) height difference, bilateral posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) height difference, distance of bilateral ASIS to the midline, distance of bilateral PSIS to the midline, horizontal alignment of the ASISs, horizontal alignment of the PSISs, alignment of the scapula related to T3, difference in the alignment of the scapula related to T3, scapular alignment, horizontal alignment of the scapula, horizontal alignment of the acromion, horizontal alignment of the head, inclination of the head, footprint, and difference in length of both lower limbs. The methods for evaluating each global postural indicator are described in Table 1 and Figures 1 – 3 . Table 1 Evaluation method and normal range of global posture evaluation indicators Indicators Normal range Evaluation method Figure Vertical body position 0.9°~2.7° Angle between acromion, the lateral malleolus line and the plumb line Figure 1 ∠1 Sagittal alignment of the body 183.6°~190° Angle between the acromion, the large trochanter of the femur, and the lateral malleolus Figure 1 ∠2 Sagittal lower limbs alignment 0°~5° Angle between the large trochanter of the femur, the articular line of the knee, and the lateral malleolus Figure 1 ∠3 Inclination of the Pelvic 7°~17° Angle between the ASIS, the PSIS, and a horizontal line Figure 1 ∠4 Shoulder angle 122°~142.8° Angle between the acromions, C7 and the horizontal line Figure 1 ∠5 Cervical Angle 47.4°~56.4° Angle between the C7 spinal process, the ear lobe, and a horizontal line Figure 1 ∠6 Sagittal Head Angle 0°~10° angle between the tragus, the external canthus of the eye and the horizontal line Figure 1 ∠7 Rearfoot angle 171°~179° The Angle between 1/3 of the lower extremity, the midpoint of the Achilles tendon, and the midpoint of the bone Figure 2 ∠8 Anterior lower limbs alignment 174.5°~181.7° Angle between ASIS, the lateral midpoint of the knee joint and the lateral malleolus tip Figure 3 ∠9 Quadriceps angle M: 8.2°~14.2° F: 11.3°~20.3° Angle between ASIS, the mid-point of the patella and trochanter of the tibia Figure 3 ∠10 Difference of bilateral ASIS height 0.5cm Perpendicular to the reference line, compare the two sides and calculate the difference Figure3 l 1 Difference of bilateral PSIS height 0.5cm Perpendicular to the reference line, compare the two sides and calculate the difference Figure 2 l 2 Distance of bilateral ASIS to midline 0.5cm The difference is calculated by comparing the horizontal distance between the two sides and the midline Figure 3 l 3 Distance of bilateral PSIS to midline 0.5cm The difference is calculated by comparing the horizontal distance between the two sides and the midline Figure 3 l 4 Horizontal alignment of the ASISs -1.4°~2.2° Angle between the 2 ASISs and a horizontal line Figure 3 ∠11 Horizontal alignment of the PSISs -1.3°~3.1° Angle between the 2 PSISs and a horizontal line Figure 3 ∠12 Alignment of the scapula related to T3 // Difference of the distances of the scapulas to the T3 vertebrae Figure2 l 5 Difference in alignment of the scapulas related to T3 0.5±1.1cm The distance between the medial margin of the scapula and the spine of the third thoracic spine, and the difference of the distance between the two sides Figure2 l 5 Scapulars alignment 1.8°~11.4° Angle between the point of intersection of the spine of the scapula and the medial margin, the inferior angle of the scapula, and a horizontal line Figure 2 ∠13 Horizontal alignment of the scapulas -3.9°~4.7° Angle between the inferior angles of the scapulas and a horizontal line Figure 2 ∠14 Horizontal alignment of the acromion 0.8°~3.2° Angle between the two-sided acromions line and the horizontal line Figure 3 ∠15 Continue 1 Indicators Normal range Evaluation method Figure Inclination of the head 88.8°~93.8° Angle between glabella, menton, and a horizontal line Figure 3 ∠17 Footprint 30%~36% The ratio of the narrowest distance at the inner and outer arches to the broadest transverse distance at the forefoot Figure 3 % Difference in length of both lower limbs 0.5cm Measure with the length difference meter of both lower limbs Note: LL:lower limbs;ASIS=anterior superior iliac spine; PSIS=posterior superior iliac spine; M: man; F: female. Procedures Before preparing participants for global postural measurement on the GPS Lab, we determined bilateral leg length differences using the Delta Leg measuring device. To make global postural indicator measurements using GPS Lab software, we placed marker stickers on specific bony landmarks on the participants’ bodies. All of the participants were asked to undress to underwear, to expose as much skin as possible. The investigator palpated, confirmed, and placed markers on the spinous processes of C7, T3, T6, T9, T12, L3, and S1, PSIS, the midpoint of the shoulder joint, the midpoint of the Achilles tendon, the midpoint of the lower third of the triceps surae, the anterior angle of the acromion, the midpoint of the acromion, the posterior angle of the acromion, the upper and lower angles of the scapula, the ASIS, the midpoint of the tibia, the lateral and medial condyles of the humerus, the larger trochanter of the femur, the midpoint of the lateral side of the knee joint, the lateral malleolus, the external canthus of the eye, and the tragus. The investigator checked the correct position of markers on bony landmarks through the cameras and software of the GPS Lab before photographing. The detailed procedures of the measurement are described in Supplementary 1 and a complete set of global posture photos of the subject are showed in Figure 4 . Statistical analysis The MS Excel package was used to create a database and enter measurement values. Measurement data are presented as the mean and standard deviation. The comparison between groups was performed using the independent sample t-test . The Mann–Whitney U test was used if the values were not normally distributed. Categorical variables were described by the composition ratio and the chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated and the statistical significance level was defined as p < 0.05. Results There was no significant difference in age (control: 22.52 ± 1.93 vs CNP: 23.45 ± 1.91, p = 0.070), height (control: 1.65 ± 0.08 vs CNP: 1.65 ± 0.08, p = 0.779), weight (control: 56.71 ± 10.31 vs CNP: 55.84 ± 8.90, p = 0.732), and BMI (control: 20.63 ± 2.47 vs CNP: 20.49 ± 2.03, p = 0.806) between the two groups (Table 2 ). The VAS score (control: 2.19 ± 2.98 vs CNP: 49.35 ± 11.46, p < 0.001) and NDI (control: 1.60 ± 2.38 vs CNP: 27.55 ± 9.07, p < 0.001) were significantly higher in the CNP group, while the posterior extensor muscle MIS (control: 18.25 ± 4.50 vs CNP: 11.50 ± 2.43, p < 0.001) and cervical flexion range (control: 75.48 ± 10.04 vs CNP: 65.32 ± 15.00, p = 0.004) were significantly lower (Table 3 ). Table 2 Basic conditions of the subjects (Mean ± SD) Group n(male/female) Age (y) Height (m) Weight (kg) BMI (kg/m2) Control 27(5/22) 22.52±1.93 1.65±0.08 56.71±10.31 20.63±2.47 CNP 31(6/25) 23.45±1.91 1.65±0.08 55.84±8.90 20.49±2.03 t 1.846 -0.282 -0.345 -0.247 P value 0.070 0.779 0.732 0.806 Table 3 Comparison of neck pain and disability indicators between the two subject groups (mean ± SD) Indicator (unit) Control (n=27) CNP (n=31) t p value VAS score 2.19±2.98 49.35±11.46 -22.083 <0.001 ** NDI 1.60±2.38 27.55±9.07 -15.331 <0.001** Posterior extensor muscles MIS (kg) 18.25±4.50 11.50±2.43 6.959 <0.001** Cervical flexion activity (°) Forward 75.48±10.04 65.32±15.00 2.984 0.004 ** Backward 81.33±10.60 74.61±15.92 1.863 0.080 Leftward 49.41±8.11 45.87±8.39 1.627 0.109 Rightward 51.74±49.97 49.97±12.14 0.680 0.489 Rotate left 80.89±9.90 73.81±21.96 1.617 0.113 Rotate right 77.52±11.70 73.10±21.02 0.970 0.319 Compared with the control group: * indicates p < 0.05, and ** indicates p < 0.01. VAS=visual analog scale; NDI=the neck disability index; MIS=maximums isometric strength In the lateral view, compared to the control group, the bilateral sagittal alignment of the body was significantly decreased in the CNP group (control [R/L]: 183.67 ± 4.23/184.00 ± 4.53 vs CNP: 177.84 ± 4.65/177.45 ± 4.14, p < 0.001/ p < 0.001). The left sagittal lower limb alignment (control: 1.30 ± 4.18 vs CNP: 4.23 ± 5.82, p = 0.004) and the right cervical angle (control: 60.15 ± 3.91 vs CNP: 63.03 ± 4.30, p = 0.010) were significantly increased in the CNP group. The other indicators were not statistically significant (Table 4 ). In the posterior view, only the right rear foot angle in the CNP group was significantly increased (control: 172.93 ± 5.2 vs CNP: 176.97 ± 5.03, p = 0.004) compared to the control group, with no statistically significant differences in the other indicators (Table 5 ). The anterior view results (Table 6 ) showed that the anterior lower limb alignment of the CNP group was larger than that of the control group (control [R/L]: 184.26 ± 2.63/184.41 ± 3.03 vs CNP: 178.71 ± 3.23/178.52 ± 3.31, p < 0.001/ p < 0.001), as was the difference in the length of the lower limbs (control: 0.20 ± 0.22 vs CNP: 0.39 ± 0.31, p = 0.010). However, there was no significant difference in other indicators between the two groups ( p > 0.05). Table 4 Comparison of posture in the lateral view indicators between two groups Indicator (unit) Control(n=27) CNP(n=31) t p value Vertical body position(°) Right 2.59±1.28 2.13±1.61 1.203 0.234 Left 1.96±1.09 1.74±1.39 0.666 0.58 Sagittal alignment of the body(°) Right 183.67±4.23 177.84±4.65 4.963 <0.001** Left 184.00±4.53 177.45±4.14 5.751 <0.001** Sagittal lower limbs alignment Right 2.44±3.85 3.68±5.69 -0.977 0.333 Left 1.30±4.18 4.23±5.82 -2.221 0.031* Inclination of the Pelvic(°) Right 14.93±6.38 16.39±6.86 -0.834 0.407 Left 14.70±6.60 16.13±6.37 -0.839 0.405 Shoulder angle (°) Right 120.37±16.85 123.77±18.93 -0.697 0.489 Left 118.52±18.93 116.42±18.26 0.429 0.669 Cervical Angle Right 60.15±3.91 63.03±4.30 -2.657 0.010* Left 60.30±3.69 60.26±3.49 0.041 0.968 Sagittal head angle Right 16.96±4.82 15.42±3.28 1.405 0.167 Left 16.07±4.71 15.61±4.62 0.376 0.708 Compared with the control group: * indicates p < 0.05. Table 5. Comparison of posture in the posterior view indicators between two groups Indicator (unit) Control （ n=27 ） CNP （ n=31) t p value Rearfoot angle （ ° ） Right 172.93±5.22 176.97±5.03 -3.000 0.004* Left 175.70±5.67 177.45±3.95 -1.376 0.174 Difference of bilateral PSIS height （ cm ） -0.08±0.27 -0.04±0.24 -0.640 0.525 Distance of from bilateral PSIS to the middle line （ cm ） 0.97±1.43 1.17±1.40 -0.529 0.599 Alignment of the scapulas related to T3 （ cm ） Right 6.41±0.94 6.65±0.96 -0.963 0.340 Left 5.88±0.93 6.16±0.94 -1.144 0.258 Difference in alignment of the scapulas related to T3 on both sides （ cm ） 0.53±0.77 0.49±0.85 0.184 0.855 Horizontal alignment of the PSISs （ ° ） -0.33±1.41 0.03±2.00 / 0.847 Scapular alignment （ ° ） Right 0.04±5.89 0.06±4.85 -0.019 0.985 Left 1.41±5.77 1.74±4.65 -0.245 0.808 Horizontal alignment of the scapulas （ ° ） -0.22±1.37 0.26±1.48 -1.275 0.207 Compared with the control group: * indicates p < 0.05. PSIS=posterior superior iliac spine. Table 6 Comparison of posture in the anterior view indicators between two groups Indicator (unit) Control(n=27) CNP(n=31) t p value Anterior lower limbs alignment Right 184.26±2.63 178.71±3.23 7.116 <0.001** Left 184.41±3.03 178.52±3.31 7.038 <0.001** Q angle(M=5:6) Right 12.80±6.98 20.17±14.16 -1.055 0.319 Left 11.20±5.40 14.17±7.57 -0.732 0.483 Q angle(F=22:25) Right 25.236±8.86 22.30±7.46 1.2 0.237 Left 23.23±7.93 21.30±9.13 0.753 0.456 Distance from bilateral ASIS to the middle line(cm) -0.24±1.17 -0.42±1.51 0.489 0.627 Bilateral ASIS height difference(cm) 0.02±0.57 -0.03±0.72 0.256 0.799 Horizontal alignment of the ASISs(°) 0.19±1.69 0.03±2.04 0.308 0.759 Horizontal alignment of the acromions(°) -0.89±1.19 -0.39±1.41 / 0.721 Horizontal alignment of head -0.15±1.73 -0.35±2.14 0.401 0.69 Inclination of the head 90.22±1.58 90.49±1.43 -0.662 0.511 Footprint(%) Right 28.22±10.69 30.23±7.78 -0.823 0.414 Left 28.04±12.10 29.90±9.14 -0.663 0.51 Difference in length of the lower limbs(cm) 0.20±0.22 0.39±0.31 -2.67 0.010* Compared with the control group: * indicates p < 0.05. M: Male, F: Female. ASIS=anterior superior iliac spine. We also investigated whether any abnormal indicators could be attributed to CNP. By calculating the OR, the results showed that the right foot valgus and the sagittal alignment of the body were smaller, the sagittal lower limb alignment and the anterior lower limb alignment were greater than the normal range, and the OR value for neck pain was 6.667, 6.061, 7.125, 0.034, respectively. However, there was no statistical significance in other indicators (Table 7 ). Table 7 Analysis of variables and OR calculations of single factor χ 2 with or without CNP Variable Groups Yes No χ2 OR OR value 95% CI Lower limit Upper limit Difference in length of the both lower limbs greater 6 4 0.012 1.38 0.345 5.519 normal 25 23 Vertical body position (right) greater 7 7 0.096 0.826 0.246 2.773 normal 23 19 Vertical body position (right) less 1 1 0 ## ## ## normal 23 19 Vertical body position (left) less 3 3 0 ## ## ## normal 28 23 Vertical body position (left) less 0 1 0.006 1.043 0.96 1.134 normal 28 23 Sagittal alignment of the body (right) less 25 11 9.760** 6.061 1.87 19.647 normal 6 16 Sagittal alignment of the body (right) greater 0 0 ## ## ## ## normal 6 16 Sagittal alignment of the body (left) less 28 10 17.114** 14.933 3.577 62.337 normal 3 16 Sagittal alignment of the body (left) greater 0 1 0 ## ## ## normal 3 16 Arch status(right) talipes cavus 13 15 0.861 0.578 0.181 1.848 normal 12 8 Arch status(right) Low arches 6 4 0 1 0.212 4.709 normal 12 8 Arch status(left) talipes cavus 15 13 0.017 0.923 0.281 3.034 normal 10 8 Arch status(left) Low arches 6 6 0.089 0.8 0.185 3.46 normal 10 8 Rear foot angle (right) strephenopodia 3 7 0.072 0.612 0.135 2.786 normal 14 20 Rear foot angle (right) strephexopodia 14 3 7.761** 6.667 1.609 27.629 normal 14 20 Rear foot angle (left) strephenopodia 2 4 0.262 0.417 0.067 2.599 normal 18 15 Rear foot angle (left) strephenopodia 11 8 0.055 1.146 0.367 3.582 normal 18 5 Sagittal lower limbs alignment (right) Knee flexion 15 5 7.215** 5.4 1.511 19.297 normal 10 18 Sagittal lower limbs alignment (right) Knee overextension 6 4 0.926 2.7 0.613 11.892 normal 10 8 Sagittal lower limbs alignment (left) Knee flexion 17 2 15.322** 19.125 3.545 103.163 normal 8 18 Sagittal lower limbs alignment (left) Knee overextension 6 8 0.891 1.929 0.489 7.605 normal 8 18 Continue 1 Variable Groups Yes No χ2 OR OR value 95% CI Lower limit Upper limit Anterior lower limbs alignment (right) gonyectyposis 2 20 26.454** 0.026 0.005 0.138 normal 27 7 Anterior lower limbs alignment (right) genu valgum 2 0 0 ## # # ## normal 27 7 Anterior lower limbs alignment (left) gonyectyposis 2 19 22.519** 0.034 0.006 normal 25 8 Anterior lower limbs alignment (left) genu valgum 4 0 0.22 ## ## ## normal 25 8 Quadriceps angle (right) increase 19 16 0.461 1.484 0.473 4.656 normal 8 10 Quadriceps angle (right) decrease 4 1 0.814 5 0.463 54.044 normal 8 10 Quadriceps angle (left) increase 19 16 0.1 1.188 0.408 3.455 normal 11 11 Quadriceps angle (left) decrease 1 0 0 ## ## ## normal 11 11 Inclination of Pelvic (right) Lean forward 13 8 0.93 1.727 0.567 5.262 normal 16 17 Inclination of Pelvic (right) Lean back 2 2 0 1.063 0.133 8.466 normal 16 17 Inclination of Pelvic (left) Lean forward 11 9 0.026 1.094 0.365 3.277 normal 19 17 Inclination of Pelvic (left) Lean back 1 1 0 0.895 0.052 15.437 normal 19 17 Pelvic state abnormal 17 13 0.259 1.308 0.465 3.68 normal 14 14 Horizontal alignment of the ASISs right high 3 2 0 1.5 0.227 9.916 normal 21 21 Horizontal alignment of the ASISs left high 7 4 0.65 1.75 0.445 6.882 normal 21 21 Horizontal alignment of the PSISs right high 2 0 0.279 ## ## ## normal 27 22 Horizontal alignment of the PSISs left high 2 5 0.828 0.326 0.058 1.845 normal 27 22 Shoulder angle (right) less 15 14 0.082 1.179 0.383 3.627 normal 10 11 Shoulder angle (right) greater 6 2 1.736 4.5 0.752 26.931 normal 10 11 Shoulder angle (left) less 17 16 0.163 0.797 0.265 2.397 normal 12 9 Shoulder angle (left) greater 2 2 0 0.75 0.088 6.388 normal 12 9 Difference in Alignment of the scapulas related to T3 abnormal 4 5 0.051 1.534 0.367 6.412 normal 27 22 Continue 2 Variable Groups Yes No χ2 OR OR value 95% CI Lower limit Upper limit Scapular alignment (right) Downward swing 18 13 0.206 1.278 0.443 3.691 normal 13 12 Scapular alignment (right) upward swing 0 2 0.464 ## ## ## normal 13 12 Scapular alignment (left) Downward swing 14 12 0.006 0.961 0.337 2.736 normal 17 14 Scapular alignment (left) upward swing 0 1 0.004 ## ## ## normal 17 14 Horizontal alignment of the scapula abnormal 0 0 ## ## ## ## normal 31 27 Horizontal alignment of the acromions left high 7 3 0.648 2.333 0.539 10.109 normal 24 24 Cervical angle(right) greater 30 23 1.209 0.192 0.02 1.832 normal 1 4 Cervical angle(left) greater 23 0 1.106 0.265 4.618 normal 4 Sagittal head angle (right) greater 2 0.015 0.417 0.036 4.869 normal 25 Sagittal head angle (left) greater 24 0.251 1.92 0.431 8.56 normal 3 Horizontal alignment of head right high 0 0 ## ## ## normal 21 Horizontal alignment of head left high 6 0.151 1.273 0.377 4.293 normal 21 Inclination of the head Left leaning 4 0 0.852 0.191 3.792 normal 23 Greater than indicates that the normal range is exceeded, less than indicates lower than the normal range; right high indicates that the right side is high, and left high indicates that the left side is high; ## indicates that the system cannot calculate because the data has a "0" value or is too small. * indicates p < 0.05, and ** indicates p < 0.01. Discussion The results of the current study showed no statistically significant differences in postural indicators other than cervical angle. A prior study by Yip et al. [19] found that patients with CNP hold their head more extended than healthy individuals, and, compared to a healthy population, the sagittal cervical angle is increased, suggesting that the posterior extensor muscles are tense or shortened while the cervical flexors are in a passively elongated state. An increase in the cervical angle may therefore be one of the risk factors for the occurrence and development of craniofacial pain, headache, neck and shoulder pain, decreased joint mobility, and muscle stiffness and tenderness [22] . However, the study by Ghamkhar et al. [20] found that forward head posture was not related to neck pain. Another prospective cohort study revealed that a forward head in sitting posture in late adolescence was associated with a reduced risk of persistent neck pain in young adults [23] . This difference may be due to the measurement method. It is worth noting that as the posture of the body changes gradually throughout life, tissue plasticity and adaptability may also contribute to a linear relationship between symptoms and structural changes. We also showed that the sagittal alignment of the body in students with CNP is significantly lower than that in the healthy control group, meaning that the trunk of students with CNP leans more forward than the hips. The forward tilt of the trunk causes the body’s center of gravity to move forward, passively elongating the spine’s extensor muscles for longer periods. From the perspective of a mechanical lever, the body must increase the corresponding resistance as the torque becomes higher. To balance dynamic torque, the spine extensor muscles, such as the erector spinae and other lumbar muscles posterior to the spine, must generate greater tension, resulting in them becoming overloaded over time. Our results showed that the mean angle of the left sagittal lower limb alignment in patients with CNP was larger than that in the control group and that the left knee joint in students with CNP showed obvious knee flexion during quiet, normal standing. This suggests that the patient’s knee flexor and extensor muscles have a lower ratio or that the hamstring and calf triceps are tense and shortened, and the quadriceps muscle is elongated and weakened in patients with CNP [16, 24] . The results of the chi-square test and OR suggests that the decrease of the bilateral sagittal alignment of the body and the increase of the bilateral sagittal lower limb alignment are the risk factors for CNP. Conversely, our results showed that differences in shoulder angle between the two groups were not significant, suggesting that the shoulder angle does not contribute to an increased risk of developing CNP. From the global perspective of anatomical trains or muscle chains, postural balance in the sagittal plane is mainly controlled by a tension-relaxation relationship between the superficial front lines (SFL) and superficial back lines (SBL) [16] . Dysfunction of the SFL can cause the body to lean forward or limit the ability of the body to extend backward. Our study found that patients with CNP leaned their body forward more, increasing the sagittal cervical spine angle, indicating that the SFL is in a shortened and tensed state, while the SBL is elongated. To prevent the trunk from falling forwards, the muscles in the SBL continue to contract and tension increases. Under this “wave effect” in the kinematic chains, abnormal muscle tension and pressure are transmitted caudally and may result in abnormal muscle tension and tightness in the hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles. The cervical vertebrae are the weakest part of the entire spine structure and are more prone to morphological changes in the process of power transmission. The deep front line (DFL) also maintains balance in the trunk and neck. Studies have shown that the muscle strength of the posterior cervical extensor muscles and the deep flexor muscles of patients with CNP is lower than those without neck pain [24, 25] ; this may explain the knee flexion observation in patients with CNP in our study. We also measured several postural indicators in the frontal plane. The results showed that the rear foot angle and the difference in the length of the lower limbs in the CNP group were larger than those in the control group, while the bilateral anterior lower limb alignments were smaller than the control group. The rear foot angle is an important reference for evaluating ankle valgus. From a global perspective, the cause of this difference may be related to the spiral line (SPL) in the myofascial lines. The SPL functions posturally to wrap the body in a double spiral, which helps to maintain balance across all planes, connects the foot arches with the pelvic angle, and helps to determine efficient knee-tracking in walking. In a state of imbalance, the SPL participates in creating, compensating for, and maintaining twists, rotations, and lateral shifts in the body [16] . We found that the abnormal link in the posture of students with CNP overlaps with the SPL, including the splenius capitis and cervicis, tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis, and peroneus longus. If we consider the suboccipital muscles that connect to the occipital and the long bones of the tibia that connect the foot bones to be the head and tail of the train, respectively, when the mechanics change in the front of the head, the tail will also change accordingly. This mechanical transmission may explain the occurrence of foot valgus in patients with CNP. Studies have also shown that knee varus is associated with a decrease in the rearfoot angle and that this can cause adverse effects in the frontal plane of the ipsilateral lower extremity [26] . Our results showed that the knee varus angle of the control subjects was smaller than that of the CNP subjects, which is inconsistent with the results of the aforementioned study. In our study, the sagittal lower limb alignment of students with CNP was smaller than that of the control group, that is, the knee joint was not fully extended. According to the movement characteristics of the knee joint, the force area of the inner side of the knee joint is larger than that of the outer side when fully extended, the tibia is rolled and in torsion relative to the femur, and the knee varus angle is increased at this time [27, 28] . We also found that the length difference of the lower limbs in students with CNP was significantly higher than that in the control group, which may also have caused the flexion angle of the longer leg’s knee joint to be larger than the shorter side when the pressure on the two feet is the same. Another possible mechanism is adaptive neuromuscular activity compensation in patients with CNP, but more relevant mechanism studies and larger sample studies are needed to confirm this. The OR is an indicator of the power of the association between disease and exposure. We demonstrate that the OR values of whether the angle of the sagittal body alignment on both sides was smaller than the normal range, whether the right foot was valgus, whether the angle between the left and right sagittal lower limbs was greater than the normal range, and whether there was neck pain or not, were 6.061, 6.667, and 7.125, respectively, indicating that subjects with trunk flexion and rearfoot valgus were more likely to present with CNP. In subjects with normal rearfoot angle, subjects with knee flexion were more likely to have neck pain than subjects with normal knee sagittal posture. The OR value of whether the anterior lower limb alignment is greater than the normal range and the neck pain is < 0.034, indicating that knee varus is not a risk factor for neck pain. Limitations This study has several limitations that warrant discussion. First. we measured the overall posture but did not conduct in-depth research on the physiological state of the muscles, joints, and other structures (such as muscle strength, hardness, and joint activity), and we did not apply these theories to practice. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the sample size and include more people in different occupations in future research. Conclusions In conclusion, compared to healthy people without neck pain, students with CNP have a larger difference in the length of both lower extremities, a smaller ankle varus angle, a larger knee flexion angle, a forward tilt of the pelvis, and an increased extension of the head and neck on the right side. Leaning forward, foot valgus, and knee flexion on both sides are risk factors for CNP. Our results indicate that patients with CNP have a more deviant posture in the sagittal plane than healthy people without neck pain, suggesting that restoring the balance of the SBL and SFL will help to treat CNP. From a global postural perspective, strengthening weak muscle groups in the DFL and SPL may improve any dysfunctions in these lines. Meanwhile, tense, shortened muscle groups should be released and lengthened or stretched to improve abnormal posture and restore the mechanical balance to treat patients with CNP and prevent sequelae. Abbreviations ASIS: anterior superior iliac spine; CNP: chronic neck pain; FHP: forward head posture; GPS: global postural systems; MIS: maximums isometric strength; NDI: neck disability index; OR: odds ratio; PSIS: posterior superior iliac spine; SBL: superficial back lines; SFL: superficial front lines; SPL: spiral line; VAS: visual analogue scale. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The study was approved by the Guangzhou Sport University (IRB approval number: 2018LCLL-12). All methods of this study were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The informed consent document was seen as Supplementary 1 . Consent for publication We also have obtained the consent from the subject who agreed to publish the images in this paper and signed the informed consent ( Supplementary 2 ). Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests All of the authors declare no competing interests. Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Authors' contributions The study was designed by J.G.Z. and W.H.W., L.G.Y. contributed to data collection and X.H.H supervised the experiment processing and data analyses. J.G.Z. and W.H.W. wrote the manuscript. Acknowledgements We would like to thank Zhenzhu Zhang, Hao Lan and Zhijian Zou provided great help during the implementation of this experiment, including pasting surface markers to the subjects, debugging equipment, etc. Zhi Zou, Bixiao Song and Liru Liu provided valuable suggestions and modifications during the writing of the article. We also thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript. Author details 1 School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong province, China; 2 College of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; 3 Guangzhou College of Applied Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China. 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Gonzalez-Rueda V, Hidalgo-Garcia C, Rodriguez-Sanz J, Bueno-Gracia E, Perez-Bellmunt A, Rodriguez-Rubio P R,Lopez-de-Celis C, Does Upper Cervical Manual Therapy Provide Additional Benefit in Disability and Mobility over a Physiotherapy Primary Care Program for Chronic Cervicalgia? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(22). Gattie E, Cleland J A, Pandya J,Snodgrass S, Dry Needling Adds No Benefit to the Treatment of Neck Pain: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial With 1-Year Follow-up. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2021, 51(1):37-45. Huang J F, Zheng X Q, Chen D, Lin J L, Zhou W X, Wang H, Qin Z, et al., Can Acupuncture Improve Chronic Spinal Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Global Spine J, 2021, 11(8):1248-1265. Patel K, A G,N G, Massage for mechanical neck disorders : Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012: CD004871. Cavalcanti I F, Antonino G B, Monte-Silva K K D, Guerino M R, Ferreira A P L,das Gracas Rodrigues de Araujo M, Global Postural Re-education in non-specific neck and low back pain treatment: A pilot study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2020, 33(5):823-828. Pillastrini P, Banchelli F, Guccione A, Di Ciaccio E, Violante F S, Brugnettini M,Vanti C, Global Postural Reeducation in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain: cross-over analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Med Lav, 2018, 109(1):16-30. Pillastrini P, de Lima E S R F, Banchelli F, Burioli A, Di Ciaccio E, Guccione A A, Villafane J H, et al., Effectiveness of Global Postural Re-education in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial. Phys Ther, 2016, 96(9):1408-16. Plessas A,Bernardes D, The role of ergonomic saddle seats and magnification loupes in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg, 2018, 16(4):430-440. Myers T W, Anatomy Trains - Myofascial Meridians of manual and movement Therapy (4th Edition). Paris: Elsevier.2020: 1-360. Liu C Y, Application of human body movement patterns and Kinect chain in sports. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2016, 42(6):1-11. Ellenbecker T S, D C M,Derosa C, Effective functional progressions in sport rehabilitation : Human Kinetics.2009. Yip C H T, Chiu T T W,Poon A T K, The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of patients with neck pain. Man Ther, 2008, 13(2):148-54. Ghamkhar L,Kahlaee A H, Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case-control study. Braz J Phys Ther, 2019, 23(4):346-354. Yu Q, Huang H, Zhang Z, Hu X, Li W, Li L, Chen M, et al., The association between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain as assessed by the global postural system. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2020, 21(1):596. Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Cuadrado M L, Gerwin R D,Pareja J A, Trigger points in the suboccipital muscles and forward head posture in tension-type headache. Headache, 2006, 46(3):454-60. Richards K V, Beales D J, Smith A L, O'Sullivan P B,Straker L M, Is Neck Posture Subgroup in Late Adolescence a Risk Factor for Persistent Neck Pain in Young Adults? A Prospective Study. Phys Ther, 2021, 101(3). Loudon J, Jenkins W,Loudon K, The relationship between static posture and ACL injury in female athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 1996, 24(2):91-7. Javanshir K, Rezasoltani A, Mohseni-Bandpei M A, Amiri M, Ortega-Santiago R,Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Ultrasound assessment of bilateral longus colli muscles in subjects with chronic bilateral neck pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2011, 90(4):293-301. Gill S, Postural disorders and musculoskeletal dysfunction diagnosis, prevention, treatment : Elsevier LLC.2014: 18-19. Zheng C, CH H,Wei H, Introduction of the knee's biomechanism. Chin J Orthop, 2006, 26(12):864-862. Silva A G,Johnson M I, Does forward head posture affect postural control in human healthy volunteers?. Gait Posture, 2013, 38(2):352-3. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supplementary1.docx Supplementary2.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1089151","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":66619459,"identity":"5239f081-76c1-4f32-906a-015cb458fb63","order_by":0,"name":"Jiugen Zhong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai University of Sport","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiugen","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhong","suffix":""},{"id":66619460,"identity":"3ebb163b-7c71-4219-ac33-9a1d71136184","order_by":1,"name":"Wenhao Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangzhou College of Applied Science and 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15:45:21","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":16478,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementary1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1089151/v1/0141120983264f50c3072b15.docx"},{"id":16114136,"identity":"49c68503-f6d7-4e90-bc80-21354bd10618","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-12-02 15:42:21","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":303225,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supplementary2.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1089151/v1/369b1389d7b1bfb2d3b85999.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of The Global Posture of College Students With Chronic Neck Pain\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eChronic neck pain (CNP) is a common condition that not only leads to considerable pain and disability, but it also affects the mental state, reduces work efficiency and quality of life, and represents a significant medical burden. For this reason, CNP has become a public health and social issue \u003csup\u003e[1, 2]\u003c/sup\u003e. However, to date, the effect of modern medical methods to relieve neck pain and restore neck function in CNP are unsatisfactory. These methods include neck suspenders, analgesic drugs, physical therapy, exercise \u003csup\u003e[3, 4]\u003c/sup\u003e, manipulation \u003csup\u003e[5\u0026ndash;8]\u003c/sup\u003e, acupuncture \u003csup\u003e[9, 10]\u003c/sup\u003e, massage \u003csup\u003e[11]\u003c/sup\u003e, and surgery. In other words, these methods, which focus on the cervical spine, have not met the patient\u0026rsquo;s medical expectations. Neck pain may occur as a result of imbalances in the biomechanics of the neck and abnormalities in the entire alignment throughout the body. Recent studies have shown that global posture re-education is an effective treatment for chronic pain, including neck and low back pain \u003csup\u003e[12\u0026ndash;14]\u003c/sup\u003e. Meanwhile, some studies have provided evidence that ergonomic assistive devices are useful for correcting poor posture \u003csup\u003e[15]\u003c/sup\u003e. Interestingly, these results are in line with the human fascia and muscle chain theory proposed by Myers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to Myers\u0026rsquo; \u003cem\u003e\u0026ldquo;Anatomy Trains - The Myofascial Meridian for Manual and Movement Therapy\u0026rdquo;\u003c/em\u003e \u003csup\u003e[16]\u003c/sup\u003e, the skeletal muscle system of the human body is a tensile structure. Thus, from a global posture and kinematic chain viewpoint, there must be a connection between the appearance of local symptoms and overall changes in global posture and kinematic chains. Indeed, when a part of the body\u0026rsquo;s tension changes, it will inevitably cause changes in the tension structure of other parts \u003csup\u003e[16]\u003c/sup\u003e. Similarly, Dr. Janda, a clinical medical scientist from the Czech Republic, proposes three chains responsible for adaptive changes in a certain part of the body from the perspective of clinical assessment and treatment of pain caused by muscle imbalance, namely, the joint, muscle, and neural chains \u003csup\u003e[17]\u003c/sup\u003e. A kinematic chain reaction, also known as the \u0026ldquo;wave effect,\u0026rdquo; occurs in the entire movement chain of the human body. The primary movement of a joint can produce up, down, left, or right body adjustments. In other words, when a part of the body is under abnormal pressure, other parts of the body also produce abnormal pressure and tension \u003csup\u003e[18, 19]\u003c/sup\u003e. Deviations within these three chain systems lead to compensatory and adaptive changes in the neuromuscular system. For example, changes in the joint chain affect the function of the muscle and nerve chains, resulting in a corresponding structure and function of the entire kinematic chain. The result of this change is a dysfunctional movement pattern that occurs throughout the body during static standing or exercise, with significant compensatory movements or joint pain. Some studies have found that head extension and rounded shoulder posture in patients with CNP is more prominent than in a healthy population, and that the greater the degree of head extension, the more serious the dysfunction \u003csup\u003e[19]\u003c/sup\u003e. However, another study showed that forward head posture (FHP) did not differ significantly between groups nor correlate with muscle performance or CNP clinical characteristics \u003csup\u003e[20]\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhether the imbalance of the global posture is a risk of CNP remains unclear. We hypothesize that there is a potential mechanical imbalance or \u0026ldquo;weakened chain\u0026rdquo; in the global posture of patients with CNP. The Global Postural Systems (GPS) Lab (model GPS400, Chinesport, Italy) was used to measure global postural indicators of a healthy and CNP population to explore the connections between local structural changes in the neck and global posture, and provide new insights for treating CNP.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional study collected data on college students with and without CNP. The GPS Lab, a professional and reliable assessment tool \u003csup\u003e[21]\u003c/sup\u003e, was used to measure posture.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFifty-eight college students were recruited from five universities in Guangzhou city. Thirty-one students were enrolled in the CNP group, and 27 students without neck pain during the same period were recruited as the control group. All of the participants provided their informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe inclusion criteria of the CNP group were as follows: 1) recurrent neck pain (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] \u0026ge; 3) for more than 3 months; and 2) no history of spinal or trauma surgery. The inclusion criteria of the control group were as follows: 1) no history of neck pain in the past 3 years; 2) no structural abnormalities in the neuromusculoskeletal system and no balance disorders; 3) no history of sports injury or trauma; and 4) no skeletal muscle pain and/or limited joint range of motion in the past week. Subjects with rheumatism, rheumatoid, gout, mandatory spondylitis, tumors, osteoporosis, fractures, intervertebral disc herniation with nerve compression, or vertebral spondylolisthesis, or those who were pregnant, alcoholics, or drug-dependent were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthics approval of this study was obtained from Guangzhou Sport University (ETHICS No. 2018LCLL-12). An information sheet was provided to all participants prior to enrolment of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNeck pain and functional indicators\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA VAS score was used to measure the intensity of neck pain. Neck dysfunction was measured using the Neck Disability Index (NDI). Cervical spine mobility of participants was measured in the flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation using a cervical mobility meter (Cervical Test, model 01618, Chinesport, Italy). The muscle strength of the neck muscle groups was tested with portable muscle strength and joint activity meter (MicroFET 3 MT \u0026amp; ROM, model MicroFET 3, Hoggan Scientific, USA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndicators of global posture included the vertical body position, sagittal alignment of the body, sagittal lower limb alignment, shoulder angle, cervical angle, sagittal head angle, rearfoot angle, anterior lower limb alignment, quadriceps angle (Q angle), bilateral anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) height difference, bilateral posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) height difference, distance of bilateral ASIS to the midline, distance of bilateral PSIS to the midline, horizontal alignment of the ASISs, horizontal alignment of the PSISs, alignment of the scapula related to T3, difference in the alignment of the scapula related to T3, scapular alignment, horizontal alignment of the scapula, horizontal alignment of the acromion, horizontal alignment of the head, inclination of the head, footprint, and difference in length of both lower limbs. The methods for evaluating each global postural indicator are described in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e and Figures \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvaluation method and normal range of global posture evaluation indicators\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicators\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal range\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvaluation method\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVertical body position\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u0026deg;~2.7\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between acromion, the lateral malleolus line and the plumb line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSagittal alignment of the body\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183.6\u0026deg;~190\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the acromion, the large trochanter of the femur, and the lateral malleolus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSagittal lower limbs alignment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026deg;~5\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the large trochanter of the femur, the articular line of the knee, and the lateral malleolus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclination of the Pelvic\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u0026deg;~17\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the ASIS, the PSIS, and a horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShoulder angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u0026deg;~142.8\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the acromions, C7 and the horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCervical Angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.4\u0026deg;~56.4\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the C7 spinal process, the ear lobe, and a horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSagittal Head Angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026deg;~10\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eangle between the tragus, the external canthus of the eye and the horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRearfoot angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171\u0026deg;~179\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Angle between 1/3 of the lower extremity, the midpoint of the Achilles tendon, and the midpoint of the bone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnterior lower limbs alignment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174.5\u0026deg;~181.7\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between ASIS, the lateral midpoint of the knee joint and the lateral malleolus tip\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuadriceps angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM: 8.2\u0026deg;~14.2\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF: 11.3\u0026deg;~20.3\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between ASIS, the mid-point of the patella and trochanter of the tibia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDifference of bilateral ASIS height\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerpendicular to the reference line, compare the two sides and calculate the difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure3 l\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDifference of bilateral PSIS height\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePerpendicular to the reference line, compare the two sides and calculate the difference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure 2 l\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistance of bilateral ASIS to midline\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe difference is calculated by comparing the horizontal distance between the two sides and the midline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure 3 l\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistance of bilateral PSIS to midline\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe difference is calculated by comparing the horizontal distance between the two sides and the midline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure 3 l\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of the ASISs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.4\u0026deg;~2.2\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the 2 ASISs and a horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of the PSISs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.3\u0026deg;~3.1\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the 2 PSISs and a horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlignment of the scapula related to T3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e//\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifference of the distances of the scapulas to the T3 vertebrae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure2 l\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDifference in alignment of the scapulas related to T3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u0026plusmn;1.1cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe distance between the medial margin of the scapula and the spine of the third thoracic spine, and the difference of the distance between the two sides\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure2 l\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScapulars alignment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u0026deg;~11.4\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the point of intersection of the spine of the scapula and the medial margin, the inferior angle of the scapula, and a horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of the scapulas\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.9\u0026deg;~4.7\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the inferior angles of the scapulas and a horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of the acromion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u0026deg;~3.2\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between the two-sided acromions line and the horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContinue 1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndicators\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNormal range\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvaluation method\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFigure\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclination of the head\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.8\u0026deg;~93.8\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAngle between glabella, menton, and a horizontal line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ang;17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFootprint\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30%~36%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe ratio of the narrowest distance at the inner and outer arches to the broadest transverse distance at the forefoot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFigure\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e %\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDifference in length of both lower limbs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMeasure with the length difference meter of both lower limbs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eNote: LL:lower limbs;ASIS=anterior superior iliac spine; PSIS=posterior superior iliac spine; M: man; F: female.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProcedures\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore preparing participants for global postural measurement on the GPS Lab, we determined bilateral leg length differences using the Delta Leg measuring device.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo make global postural indicator measurements using GPS Lab software, we placed marker stickers on specific bony landmarks on the participants\u0026rsquo; bodies. All of the participants were asked to undress to underwear, to expose as much skin as possible. The investigator palpated, confirmed, and placed markers on the spinous processes of C7, T3, T6, T9, T12, L3, and S1, PSIS, the midpoint of the shoulder joint, the midpoint of the Achilles tendon, the midpoint of the lower third of the triceps surae, the anterior angle of the acromion, the midpoint of the acromion, the posterior angle of the acromion, the upper and lower angles of the scapula, the ASIS, the midpoint of the tibia, the lateral and medial condyles of the humerus, the larger trochanter of the femur, the midpoint of the lateral side of the knee joint, the lateral malleolus, the external canthus of the eye, and the tragus. The investigator checked the correct position of markers on bony landmarks through the cameras and software of the GPS Lab before photographing. \u003cspan class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\" type=\"Underline\"\u003eThe detailed procedures of the measurement are described in\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"ItalicUnderline\" name=\"Emphasis\" type=\"ItalicUnderline\"\u003eSupplementary 1\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"Underline\" name=\"Emphasis\" type=\"Underline\"\u003eand a complete set of global posture photos of the subject are showed in\u003c/span\u003e Figure \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"Section2\" id=\"Sec3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe MS Excel package was used to create a database and enter measurement values. Measurement data are presented as the mean and standard deviation. The comparison between groups was performed using the independent sample \u003cem\u003et-test\u003c/em\u003e. The Mann\u0026ndash;Whitney U test was used if the values were not normally distributed. Categorical variables were described by the composition ratio and the chi-square test was used for comparison between groups. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated and the statistical significance level was defined as \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThere was no significant difference in age (control: 22.52 \u0026plusmn; 1.93 vs CNP: 23.45 \u0026plusmn; 1.91, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.070), height (control: 1.65 \u0026plusmn; 0.08 vs CNP: 1.65 \u0026plusmn; 0.08, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.779), weight (control: 56.71 \u0026plusmn; 10.31 vs CNP: 55.84 \u0026plusmn; 8.90, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.732), and BMI (control: 20.63 \u0026plusmn; 2.47 vs CNP: 20.49 \u0026plusmn; 2.03, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.806) between the two groups (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The VAS score (control: 2.19 \u0026plusmn; 2.98 vs CNP: 49.35 \u0026plusmn; 11.46, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001) and NDI (control: 1.60 \u0026plusmn; 2.38 vs CNP: 27.55 \u0026plusmn; 9.07, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001) were significantly higher in the CNP group, while the posterior extensor muscle MIS (control: 18.25 \u0026plusmn; 4.50 vs CNP: 11.50 \u0026plusmn; 2.43, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001) and cervical flexion range (control: 75.48 \u0026plusmn; 10.04 vs CNP: 65.32 \u0026plusmn; 15.00, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.004) were significantly lower (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab2\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBasic conditions of the subjects (Mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en(male/female)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge (y)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeight (m)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeight (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI (kg/m2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eControl\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27(5/22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.52\u0026plusmn;1.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u0026plusmn;0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.71\u0026plusmn;10.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.63\u0026plusmn;2.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCNP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(6/25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.45\u0026plusmn;1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65\u0026plusmn;0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.84\u0026plusmn;8.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.49\u0026plusmn;2.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003et\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.846\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.282\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.345\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.247\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"BoldItalic\" name=\"Emphasis\" type=\"BoldItalic\"\u003eP\u003c/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003evalue\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.070\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.779\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.732\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.806\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab3\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComparison of neck pain and disability indicators between the two subject groups (mean \u0026plusmn; SD)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicator (unit)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl (n=27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCNP (n=31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u003csub\u003e\u003cem\u003evalue\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVAS score\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.19\u0026plusmn;2.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.35\u0026plusmn;11.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-22.083\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c0.001 **\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNDI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60\u0026plusmn;2.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.55\u0026plusmn;9.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-15.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePosterior extensor muscles MIS (kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.25\u0026plusmn;4.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.50\u0026plusmn;2.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.959\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCervical flexion activity (\u0026deg;)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eForward\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.48\u0026plusmn;10.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.32\u0026plusmn;15.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.984\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004 **\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackward\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.33\u0026plusmn;10.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.61\u0026plusmn;15.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.863\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeftward\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.41\u0026plusmn;8.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.87\u0026plusmn;8.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRightward\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.74\u0026plusmn;49.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.97\u0026plusmn;12.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.680\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRotate left\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.89\u0026plusmn;9.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.81\u0026plusmn;21.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.617\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.113\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRotate right\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.52\u0026plusmn;11.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.10\u0026plusmn;21.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.970\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.319\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompared with the control group: * indicates p \u0026lt; 0.05, and ** indicates p \u0026lt; 0.01. VAS=visual analog scale; NDI=the neck disability index; MIS=maximums isometric strength\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the lateral view, compared to the control group, the bilateral sagittal alignment of the body was significantly decreased in the CNP group (control [R/L]: 183.67 \u0026plusmn; 4.23/184.00 \u0026plusmn; 4.53 vs CNP: 177.84 \u0026plusmn; 4.65/177.45 \u0026plusmn; 4.14, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001/\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001). The left sagittal lower limb alignment (control: 1.30 \u0026plusmn; 4.18 vs CNP: 4.23 \u0026plusmn; 5.82, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.004) and the right cervical angle (control: 60.15 \u0026plusmn; 3.91 vs CNP: 63.03 \u0026plusmn; 4.30, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.010) were significantly increased in the CNP group. The other indicators were not statistically significant (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). In the posterior view, only the right rear foot angle in the CNP group was significantly increased (control: 172.93 \u0026plusmn; 5.2 vs CNP: 176.97 \u0026plusmn; 5.03, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.004) compared to the control group, with no statistically significant differences in the other indicators (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). The anterior view results (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) showed that the anterior lower limb alignment of the CNP group was larger than that of the control group (control [R/L]: 184.26 \u0026plusmn; 2.63/184.41 \u0026plusmn; 3.03 vs CNP: 178.71 \u0026plusmn; 3.23/178.52 \u0026plusmn; 3.31, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001/ \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.001), as was the difference in the length of the lower limbs (control: 0.20 \u0026plusmn; 0.22 vs CNP: 0.39 \u0026plusmn; 0.31, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = 0.010). However, there was no significant difference in other indicators between the two groups (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026gt; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab4\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComparison of posture in the lateral view indicators between two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicator (unit)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl(n=27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCNP(n=31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u003csub\u003evalue\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVertical body position(\u0026deg;)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.59\u0026plusmn;1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u0026plusmn;1.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.234\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.96\u0026plusmn;1.09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026plusmn;1.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.666\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSagittal alignment of the body(\u0026deg;)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183.67\u0026plusmn;4.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177.84\u0026plusmn;4.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.963\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184.00\u0026plusmn;4.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177.45\u0026plusmn;4.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.751\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSagittal lower limbs alignment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.44\u0026plusmn;3.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u0026plusmn;5.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.977\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u0026plusmn;4.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.23\u0026plusmn;5.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.221\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.031*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclination of the Pelvic(\u0026deg;)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.93\u0026plusmn;6.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.39\u0026plusmn;6.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.834\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.407\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.70\u0026plusmn;6.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.13\u0026plusmn;6.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.839\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.405\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShoulder angle (\u0026deg;)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120.37\u0026plusmn;16.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123.77\u0026plusmn;18.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.697\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118.52\u0026plusmn;18.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116.42\u0026plusmn;18.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.429\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.669\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCervical Angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.15\u0026plusmn;3.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.03\u0026plusmn;4.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.657\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.30\u0026plusmn;3.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.26\u0026plusmn;3.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.041\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.968\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSagittal head angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.96\u0026plusmn;4.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.42\u0026plusmn;3.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.405\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.07\u0026plusmn;4.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.61\u0026plusmn;4.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.708\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompared with the control group: * indicates p \u0026lt; 0.05.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5.\u0026nbsp;Comparison of posture in the posterior view indicators between two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"null\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIndicator (unit)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"null\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"null\"\u003e\u003cstrong id=\"isPasted\"\u003eControl\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=27\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"null\"\u003e\u003cstrong id=\"isPasted\"\u003eCNP\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en=31)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"null\"\u003e\u003cstrong id=\"isPasted\"\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"null\"\u003e\u003cstrong id=\"isPasted\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003csub\u003evalue\u003c/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"31.338028169014084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRearfoot angle\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026deg;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.922535211267606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.774647887323944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172.93\u0026plusmn;5.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.661971830985916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176.97\u0026plusmn;5.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.211267605633802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.091549295774648%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.538461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.256410256410255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175.70\u0026plusmn;5.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.17948717948718%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177.45\u0026plusmn;3.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.871794871794872%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.376\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.174\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.338028169014084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDifference of bilateral PSIS height\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecm\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.922535211267606%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.774647887323944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.08\u0026plusmn;0.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.661971830985916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.04\u0026plusmn;0.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.211267605633802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.640\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.091549295774648%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.525\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.338028169014084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistance of from bilateral PSIS to the middle line\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecm\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.922535211267606%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.774647887323944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97\u0026plusmn;1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.661971830985916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.17\u0026plusmn;1.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.211267605633802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.529\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.091549295774648%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"31.338028169014084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlignment of the scapulas related to T3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecm\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.922535211267606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.774647887323944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.41\u0026plusmn;0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.661971830985916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.65\u0026plusmn;0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.211267605633802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.963\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.091549295774648%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.340\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.538461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.256410256410255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.88\u0026plusmn;0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.17948717948718%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.16\u0026plusmn;0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.871794871794872%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.144\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.338028169014084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDifference in alignment of the scapulas related to T3 on both sides\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ecm\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.922535211267606%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.774647887323944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.53\u0026plusmn;0.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.661971830985916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u0026plusmn;0.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.211267605633802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.184\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.091549295774648%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.855\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.338028169014084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of the PSISs\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026deg;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.922535211267606%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.774647887323944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.33\u0026plusmn;1.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.661971830985916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026plusmn;2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.211267605633802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.091549295774648%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.847\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"31.338028169014084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScapular alignment\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026deg;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.922535211267606%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.774647887323944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u0026plusmn;5.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.661971830985916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.06\u0026plusmn;4.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.211267605633802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.091549295774648%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.538461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"30.256410256410255%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.41\u0026plusmn;5.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.17948717948718%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.74\u0026plusmn;4.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.871794871794872%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.153846153846153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.808\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.338028169014084%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of the scapulas\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e（\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026deg;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e）\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"7.922535211267606%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.774647887323944%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.22\u0026plusmn;1.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"18.661971830985916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.26\u0026plusmn;1.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.211267605633802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.275\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"11.091549295774648%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.207\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompared with the control group: * indicates p \u0026lt; 0.05. PSIS=posterior superior iliac spine.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab6\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComparison of posture in the anterior view indicators between two groups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndicator (unit)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eControl(n=27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCNP(n=31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u003csub\u003evalue\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnterior lower limbs alignment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184.26\u0026plusmn;2.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178.71\u0026plusmn;3.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e184.41\u0026plusmn;3.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178.52\u0026plusmn;3.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c0.001**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ angle(M=5:6)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.80\u0026plusmn;6.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.17\u0026plusmn;14.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.319\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.20\u0026plusmn;5.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.17\u0026plusmn;7.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.732\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.483\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQ angle(F=22:25)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.236\u0026plusmn;8.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.30\u0026plusmn;7.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.237\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.23\u0026plusmn;7.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.30\u0026plusmn;9.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.753\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.456\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistance from bilateral ASIS to the middle line(cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.24\u0026plusmn;1.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.42\u0026plusmn;1.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBilateral ASIS height difference(cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u0026plusmn;0.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.03\u0026plusmn;0.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.799\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of the ASISs(\u0026deg;)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u0026plusmn;1.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.03\u0026plusmn;2.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.308\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.759\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of the acromions(\u0026deg;)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.89\u0026plusmn;1.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.39\u0026plusmn;1.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.721\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHorizontal alignment of head\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.15\u0026plusmn;1.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.35\u0026plusmn;2.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.401\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInclination of the head\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.22\u0026plusmn;1.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.49\u0026plusmn;1.43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.662\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.511\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFootprint(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRight\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.22\u0026plusmn;10.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.23\u0026plusmn;7.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.823\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.414\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLeft\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.04\u0026plusmn;12.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.90\u0026plusmn;9.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.663\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDifference in length of the lower limbs(cm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.20\u0026plusmn;0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.39\u0026plusmn;0.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.010*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompared with the control group: * indicates p \u0026lt; 0.05. M: Male, F: Female. ASIS=anterior superior iliac spine.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe also investigated whether any abnormal indicators could be attributed to CNP. By calculating the OR, the results showed that the right foot valgus and the sagittal alignment of the body were smaller, the sagittal lower limb alignment and the anterior lower limb alignment were greater than the normal range, and the OR value for neck pain was 6.667, 6.061, 7.125, 0.034, respectively. However, there was no statistical significance in other indicators (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable border=\"1\" id=\"Tab7\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnalysis of variables and OR calculations of single factor\u003c/em\u003e \u0026chi;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cem\u003ewith or without CNP\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026chi;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR value 95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower limit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper limit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifference in length of the both lower limbs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.345\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.519\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVertical body position (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.096\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.826\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.246\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.773\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVertical body position (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVertical body position (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVertical body position (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.134\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal alignment of the body (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.760**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.061\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.647\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal alignment of the body (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal alignment of the body (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.114**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.933\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.577\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.337\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal alignment of the body (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArch status(right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etalipes cavus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.861\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.578\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.181\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.848\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArch status(right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow arches\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.709\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArch status(left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etalipes cavus\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.923\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eArch status(left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow arches\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.089\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRear foot angle (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estrephenopodia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.612\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.786\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRear foot angle (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estrephexopodia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.761**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.667\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.609\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.629\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRear foot angle (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estrephenopodia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.067\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.599\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRear foot angle (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003estrephenopodia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.146\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.367\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.582\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal lower limbs alignment (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee flexion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.215**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.511\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.297\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal lower limbs alignment (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee overextension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.926\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.613\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.892\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal lower limbs alignment (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee flexion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.322**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.545\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103.163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal lower limbs alignment (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnee overextension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.891\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.929\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.489\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.605\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContinue 1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026chi;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR value 95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower limit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper limit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnterior lower limbs alignment (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egonyectyposis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.454**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnterior lower limbs alignment (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egenu valgum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e# #\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnterior lower limbs alignment (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egonyectyposis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.519**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnterior lower limbs alignment (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egenu valgum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuadriceps angle (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eincrease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.461\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.484\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.473\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.656\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuadriceps angle (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edecrease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.814\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.463\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuadriceps angle (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eincrease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.408\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eQuadriceps angle (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edecrease\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclination of Pelvic (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLean forward\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.567\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclination of Pelvic (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLean back\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.063\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.466\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclination of Pelvic (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLean forward\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.094\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.365\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.277\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclination of Pelvic (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLean back\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.895\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.052\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.437\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePelvic state\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eabnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.259\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.308\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal alignment of the ASISs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eright high\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.227\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.916\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal alignment of the ASISs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eleft high\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.445\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.882\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal alignment of the PSISs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eright high\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.279\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal alignment of the PSISs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eleft high\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.828\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.326\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.058\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.845\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder angle (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.082\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.179\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.383\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder angle (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.736\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.752\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.931\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder angle (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eless\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.163\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.797\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.265\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.397\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShoulder angle (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.388\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifference in Alignment of the scapulas related to T3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eabnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.051\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.534\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.367\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.412\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"9\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eContinue 2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroups\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026chi;2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR value 95% CI\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower limit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUpper limit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScapular alignment (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDownward swing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.278\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.443\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.691\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScapular alignment (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eupward swing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.464\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScapular alignment (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDownward swing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.961\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.337\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.736\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScapular alignment (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eupward swing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal alignment of the scapula\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eabnormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal alignment of the acromions\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eleft high\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.648\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.539\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCervical angle(right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.192\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.832\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCervical angle(left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.106\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.265\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.618\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal head angle (right)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.869\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSagittal head angle (left)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egreater\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.251\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.431\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal alignment of head\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eright high\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e##\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal alignment of head\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eleft high\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.273\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.377\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.293\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclination of the head\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeft leaning\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.852\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.792\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003enormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"10\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGreater than indicates that the normal range is exceeded, less than indicates lower than the normal range; right high indicates that the right side is high, and left high indicates that the left side is high; ## indicates that the system cannot calculate because the data has a \u0026quot;0\u0026quot; value or is too small. * indicates p \u0026lt; 0.05, and ** indicates p \u0026lt; 0.01.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe results of the current study showed no statistically significant differences in postural indicators other than cervical angle. A prior study by Yip et al. \u003csup\u003e[19]\u003c/sup\u003e found that patients with CNP hold their head more extended than healthy individuals, and, compared to a healthy population, the sagittal cervical angle is increased, suggesting that the posterior extensor muscles are tense or shortened while the cervical flexors are in a passively elongated state. An increase in the cervical angle may therefore be one of the risk factors for the occurrence and development of craniofacial pain, headache, neck and shoulder pain, decreased joint mobility, and muscle stiffness and tenderness \u003csup\u003e[22]\u003c/sup\u003e. However, the study by Ghamkhar et al. \u003csup\u003e[20]\u003c/sup\u003e found that forward head posture was not related to neck pain. Another prospective cohort study revealed that a forward head in sitting posture in late adolescence was associated with a reduced risk of persistent neck pain in young adults \u003csup\u003e[23]\u003c/sup\u003e. This difference may be due to the measurement method. It is worth noting that as the posture of the body changes gradually throughout life, tissue plasticity and adaptability may also contribute to a linear relationship between symptoms and structural changes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe also showed that the sagittal alignment of the body in students with CNP is significantly lower than that in the healthy control group, meaning that the trunk of students with CNP leans more forward than the hips. The forward tilt of the trunk causes the body\u0026rsquo;s center of gravity to move forward, passively elongating the spine\u0026rsquo;s extensor muscles for longer periods. From the perspective of a mechanical lever, the body must increase the corresponding resistance as the torque becomes higher. To balance dynamic torque, the spine extensor muscles, such as the erector spinae and other lumbar muscles posterior to the spine, must generate greater tension, resulting in them becoming overloaded over time. Our results showed that the mean angle of the left sagittal lower limb alignment in patients with CNP was larger than that in the control group and that the left knee joint in students with CNP showed obvious knee flexion during quiet, normal standing. This suggests that the patient\u0026rsquo;s knee flexor and extensor muscles have a lower ratio or that the hamstring and calf triceps are tense and shortened, and the quadriceps muscle is elongated and weakened in patients with CNP \u003csup\u003e[16, 24]\u003c/sup\u003e. The results of the chi-square test and OR suggests that the decrease of the bilateral sagittal alignment of the body and the increase of the bilateral sagittal lower limb alignment are the risk factors for CNP. Conversely, our results showed that differences in shoulder angle between the two groups were not significant, suggesting that the shoulder angle does not contribute to an increased risk of developing CNP.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom the global perspective of anatomical trains or muscle chains, postural balance in the sagittal plane is mainly controlled by a tension-relaxation relationship between the superficial front lines (SFL) and superficial back lines (SBL) \u003csup\u003e[16]\u003c/sup\u003e. Dysfunction of the SFL can cause the body to lean forward or limit the ability of the body to extend backward. Our study found that patients with CNP leaned their body forward more, increasing the sagittal cervical spine angle, indicating that the SFL is in a shortened and tensed state, while the SBL is elongated. To prevent the trunk from falling forwards, the muscles in the SBL continue to contract and tension increases. Under this \u0026ldquo;wave effect\u0026rdquo; in the kinematic chains, abnormal muscle tension and pressure are transmitted caudally and may result in abnormal muscle tension and tightness in the hamstring and gastrocnemius muscles. The cervical vertebrae are the weakest part of the entire spine structure and are more prone to morphological changes in the process of power transmission. The deep front line (DFL) also maintains balance in the trunk and neck. Studies have shown that the muscle strength of the posterior cervical extensor muscles and the deep flexor muscles of patients with CNP is lower than those without neck pain \u003csup\u003e[24, 25]\u003c/sup\u003e; this may explain the knee flexion observation in patients with CNP in our study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe also measured several postural indicators in the frontal plane. The results showed that the rear foot angle and the difference in the length of the lower limbs in the CNP group were larger than those in the control group, while the bilateral anterior lower limb alignments were smaller than the control group. The rear foot angle is an important reference for evaluating ankle valgus. From a global perspective, the cause of this difference may be related to the spiral line (SPL) in the myofascial lines. The SPL functions posturally to wrap the body in a double spiral, which helps to maintain balance across all planes, connects the foot arches with the pelvic angle, and helps to determine efficient knee-tracking in walking. In a state of imbalance, the SPL participates in creating, compensating for, and maintaining twists, rotations, and lateral shifts in the body \u003csup\u003e[16]\u003c/sup\u003e. We found that the abnormal link in the posture of students with CNP overlaps with the SPL, including the splenius capitis and cervicis, tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis, and peroneus longus. If we consider the suboccipital muscles that connect to the occipital and the long bones of the tibia that connect the foot bones to be the head and tail of the train, respectively, when the mechanics change in the front of the head, the tail will also change accordingly. This mechanical transmission may explain the occurrence of foot valgus in patients with CNP.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies have also shown that knee varus is associated with a decrease in the rearfoot angle and that this can cause adverse effects in the frontal plane of the ipsilateral lower extremity \u003csup\u003e[26]\u003c/sup\u003e. Our results showed that the knee varus angle of the control subjects was smaller than that of the CNP subjects, which is inconsistent with the results of the aforementioned study. In our study, the sagittal lower limb alignment of students with CNP was smaller than that of the control group, that is, the knee joint was not fully extended. According to the movement characteristics of the knee joint, the force area of the inner side of the knee joint is larger than that of the outer side when fully extended, the tibia is rolled and in torsion relative to the femur, and the knee varus angle is increased at this time \u003csup\u003e[27, 28]\u003c/sup\u003e. We also found that the length difference of the lower limbs in students with CNP was significantly higher than that in the control group, which may also have caused the flexion angle of the longer leg\u0026rsquo;s knee joint to be larger than the shorter side when the pressure on the two feet is the same. Another possible mechanism is adaptive neuromuscular activity compensation in patients with CNP, but more relevant mechanism studies and larger sample studies are needed to confirm this.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe OR is an indicator of the power of the association between disease and exposure. We demonstrate that the OR values of whether the angle of the sagittal body alignment on both sides was smaller than the normal range, whether the right foot was valgus, whether the angle between the left and right sagittal lower limbs was greater than the normal range, and whether there was neck pain or not, were 6.061, 6.667, and 7.125, respectively, indicating that subjects with trunk flexion and rearfoot valgus were more likely to present with CNP. In subjects with normal rearfoot angle, subjects with knee flexion were more likely to have neck pain than subjects with normal knee sagittal posture. The OR value of whether the anterior lower limb alignment is greater than the normal range and the neck pain is \u0026lt; 0.034, indicating that knee varus is not a risk factor for neck pain.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Limitations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study has several limitations that warrant discussion. First. we measured the overall posture but did not conduct in-depth research on the physiological state of the muscles, joints, and other structures (such as muscle strength, hardness, and joint activity), and we did not apply these theories to practice. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the sample size and include more people in different occupations in future research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, compared to healthy people without neck pain, students with CNP have a larger difference in the length of both lower extremities, a smaller ankle varus angle, a larger knee flexion angle, a forward tilt of the pelvis, and an increased extension of the head and neck on the right side. Leaning forward, foot valgus, and knee flexion on both sides are risk factors for CNP. Our results indicate that patients with CNP have a more deviant posture in the sagittal plane than healthy people without neck pain, suggesting that restoring the balance of the SBL and SFL will help to treat CNP. From a global postural perspective, strengthening weak muscle groups in the DFL and SPL may improve any dysfunctions in these lines. Meanwhile, tense, shortened muscle groups should be released and lengthened or stretched to improve abnormal posture and restore the mechanical balance to treat patients with CNP and prevent sequelae.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eASIS: anterior superior iliac spine; CNP: chronic neck pain; FHP: forward head posture; GPS: global postural systems; MIS: maximums isometric strength; NDI: neck disability index; OR: odds ratio; PSIS: posterior superior iliac spine; SBL: superficial back lines; SFL: superficial front lines; SPL: spiral line; VAS: visual analogue scale.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was approved by the Guangzhou Sport University (IRB approval number: 2018LCLL-12). All methods of this study were performed in accordance with the \u003cem\u003eDeclaration of Helsinki.\u003c/em\u003e The informed consent document was seen as\u003cem\u003e Supplementary 1\u003c/em\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe also have obtained the consent from the subject who agreed to publish the images in this paper and signed the informed consent (\u003cem\u003eSupplementary 2\u003c/em\u003e). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll of the authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was designed by J.G.Z. and W.H.W., L.G.Y. contributed to data collection and X.H.H supervised the experiment processing and data analyses. J.G.Z. and W.H.W. wrote the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to thank Zhenzhu Zhang, Hao Lan and Zhijian Zou provided great help during the implementation of this experiment, including pasting surface markers to the subjects, debugging equipment, etc. Zhi Zou, Bixiao Song and Liru Liu provided valuable suggestions and modifications during the writing of the article. We also thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for its linguistic assistance during the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor details\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003eSchool of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, Guangdong province, China; \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e College of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003eGuangzhou College of Applied Science and Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSafiri S, Kolahi A A, Hoy D, Buchbinder R, Mansournia M A, Bettampadi D, Ashrafi-Asgarabad A, et al., Global, regional, and national burden of neck pain in the general population, 1990-2017: systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. BMJ, 2020, 368:m791.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJin Z, Wang D, Zhang H, Liang J, Feng X, Zhao J,Sun L, Incidence trend of five common musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2017 at the global, regional and national level: results from the global burden of disease study 2017. Ann Rheum Dis, 2020, 79(8):1014-1022.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDaher A, Carel R S, Tzipi K, Esther H,Dar G, The effectiveness of an aerobic exercise training on patients with neck pain during a short- and long-term follow-up: a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil, 2020, 34(5):617-629.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYamato T P, Saragiotto B T,Maher C, Therapeutic exercise for chronic non-specific neck pain: PEDro systematic review update. Br J Sports Med, 2015, 49(20):1350.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLascurain-Aguirrebena I, Newham D J, Casado-Zumeta X, Lertxundi A,Critchley D J, Immediate effects of cervical mobilisations on neck muscle activity during active neck movements in patients with non-specific neck pain. A double blind placebo controlled trial. Physiotherapy, 2021, 110:42-53.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGross A M J, D\u0026apos;Sylva J,, Manipulation or Mobilisation for Neck Pain : The Cochrane Library. John Wiley \u0026amp; Sons, Ltd.2010: CD004249-CD004249.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRodriguez-Sanz J, Malo-Urries M, Corral-de-Toro J, Lopez-de-Celis C, Lucha-Lopez M O, Tricas-Moreno J M, Lorente A I, et al., Does the Addition of Manual Therapy Approach to a Cervical Exercise Program Improve Clinical Outcomes for Patients with Chronic Neck Pain in Short- and Mid-Term? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(18).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGonzalez-Rueda V, Hidalgo-Garcia C, Rodriguez-Sanz J, Bueno-Gracia E, Perez-Bellmunt A, Rodriguez-Rubio P R,Lopez-de-Celis C, Does Upper Cervical Manual Therapy Provide Additional Benefit in Disability and Mobility over a Physiotherapy Primary Care Program for Chronic Cervicalgia? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2020, 17(22).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGattie E, Cleland J A, Pandya J,Snodgrass S, Dry Needling Adds No Benefit to the Treatment of Neck Pain: A Sham-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial With 1-Year Follow-up. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2021, 51(1):37-45.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang J F, Zheng X Q, Chen D, Lin J L, Zhou W X, Wang H, Qin Z, et al., Can Acupuncture Improve Chronic Spinal Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Global Spine J, 2021, 11(8):1248-1265.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePatel K, A G,N G, Massage for mechanical neck disorders : Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012: CD004871.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCavalcanti I F, Antonino G B, Monte-Silva K K D, Guerino M R, Ferreira A P L,das Gracas Rodrigues de Araujo M, Global Postural Re-education in non-specific neck and low back pain treatment: A pilot study. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2020, 33(5):823-828.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePillastrini P, Banchelli F, Guccione A, Di Ciaccio E, Violante F S, Brugnettini M,Vanti C, Global Postural Reeducation in patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain: cross-over analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Med Lav, 2018, 109(1):16-30.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePillastrini P, de Lima E S R F, Banchelli F, Burioli A, Di Ciaccio E, Guccione A A, Villafane J H, et al., Effectiveness of Global Postural Re-education in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial. Phys Ther, 2016, 96(9):1408-16.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePlessas A,Bernardes D, The role of ergonomic saddle seats and magnification loupes in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg, 2018, 16(4):430-440.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMyers T W, Anatomy Trains - Myofascial Meridians of manual and movement Therapy (4th Edition). Paris: Elsevier.2020: 1-360.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu C Y, Application of human body movement patterns and Kinect chain in sports. Journal of Chengdu Sport University, 2016, 42(6):1-11.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEllenbecker T S, D C M,Derosa C, Effective functional progressions in sport rehabilitation : Human Kinetics.2009.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYip C H T, Chiu T T W,Poon A T K, The relationship between head posture and severity and disability of patients with neck pain. Man Ther, 2008, 13(2):148-54.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGhamkhar L,Kahlaee A H, Is forward head posture relevant to cervical muscles performance and neck pain? A case-control study. Braz J Phys Ther, 2019, 23(4):346-354.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYu Q, Huang H, Zhang Z, Hu X, Li W, Li L, Chen M, et al., The association between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain as assessed by the global postural system. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2020, 21(1):596.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFernandez-de-las-Penas C, Alonso-Blanco C, Cuadrado M L, Gerwin R D,Pareja J A, Trigger points in the suboccipital muscles and forward head posture in tension-type headache. Headache, 2006, 46(3):454-60.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRichards K V, Beales D J, Smith A L, O\u0026apos;Sullivan P B,Straker L M, Is Neck Posture Subgroup in Late Adolescence a Risk Factor for Persistent Neck Pain in Young Adults? A Prospective Study. Phys Ther, 2021, 101(3).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLoudon J, Jenkins W,Loudon K, The relationship between static posture and ACL injury in female athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 1996, 24(2):91-7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJavanshir K, Rezasoltani A, Mohseni-Bandpei M A, Amiri M, Ortega-Santiago R,Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Ultrasound assessment of bilateral longus colli muscles in subjects with chronic bilateral neck pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil, 2011, 90(4):293-301.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGill S, Postural disorders and musculoskeletal dysfunction diagnosis, prevention, treatment : Elsevier LLC.2014: 18-19.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZheng C, CH H,Wei H, Introduction of the knee\u0026apos;s biomechanism. Chin J Orthop, 2006, 26(12):864-862.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSilva A G,Johnson M I, Does forward head posture affect postural control in human healthy volunteers?. Gait Posture, 2013, 38(2):352-3.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Chronic neck pain, global posture, kinematic chain","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1089151/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1089151/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003eChronic neck pain (CNP) is common, but methods that focus on the cervical spine have not met the patients' medical expectations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective: \u003c/strong\u003eTo investigate the global postural difference between students with CNP and healthy people.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign: \u003c/strong\u003eCross-sectional study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods: \u003c/strong\u003eTwenty-seven healthy college students without neck pain and 31 students with CNP were recruited and allocated into a control group and a CNP group. Differences in standing postural indicators between the two groups were compared.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eCompared to the control group, the leg length discrepancy and the right rearfoot angle were larger and the anterior lower limb alignment angle was smaller. In the sagittal plane, the left sagittal lower limb alignment and right cervical alignment angles were larger, while the left and right sagittal body alignment angles in the CNP group were smaller. The odds ratio calculation for the trunk forward lean, right foot valgus, and knee flexion on both sides indicated that these are risk factors for CNP, while knee varus is not a risk factor for CNP. The remaining abnormal postures were shown not to be associated with CNP.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitation: \u003c/strong\u003eThis study did not conduct in-depth research on the physiological state of the muscles, joints, and other structures, and we did not apply these theories to practice.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions: \u003c/strong\u003eAbnormal posture in students with CNP is mainly concentrated in the sagittal plane. Trunk forward lean, foot valgus, and knee flexion on both sides are risk factors for CNP.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of The Global Posture of College Students With Chronic Neck Pain","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-12-02 15:42:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1089151/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"146fcadd-394c-4b6e-afa2-8950af428b95","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 2nd, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":8872164,"name":"Orthopedics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-12-15T06:14:13+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-12-02 15:42:19","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1089151","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1089151","identity":"rs-1089151","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"MNcDy3x_fV0tqtF8t3uB_","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}