Localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito Equation

preprint OA: closed CC-BY-4.0
📄 Open PDF Full text JSON View at publisher
AI-generated summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-16

This paper uses a Hirota bilinear transformation to derive localized interaction solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation and visualizes their energy distributions and dynamical properties.

One-sentence paraphrase of the abstract; not a substitute for reading it. No clinical advice. How this works

AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-16 · read from full text

The paper studies localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation, constructing exact forms with free parameters using Hirota’s bilinear transformation. It presents plots under specific parameter choices to illustrate energy distributions and dynamical properties of the resulting special solutions (including lump/soliton-type interaction behaviors). A stated limitation is that the manuscript’s HTML full-text conversion could not be completed in the repository, with access primarily via the downloadable PDF. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

Read from the paper's body, not the abstract. Not a substitute for reading the paper. No clinical advice. How this works

Abstract

Abstract Localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation with free parameters are obtained by using a Hirota bilinear transformation. Various plots with particular choices of the involved parameters are made to show energy distributions and dynamical properties of the special exact solutions. This phenomenon may provide us with interesting information on dynamics in the higher-dimensional nonlinear world.
Full text 14,140 characters · extracted from preprint-html · click to expand
Localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito Equation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Original Research Localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito Equation Hongcai Ma, Hanfang Wu, Wenxiu Ma, Aiping Deng This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-206644/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 2 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation with free parameters are obtained by using a Hirota bilinear transformation. Various plots with particular choices of the involved parameters are made to show energy distributions and dynamical properties of the special exact solutions. This phenomenon may provide us with interesting information on dynamics in the higher-dimensional nonlinear world. Optics/Lasers Mathematical and Theoretical Biology Mathematical Physics (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation Lump solution Interaction solution Soliton Hirota’s bilinear method Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 02 Feb, 2021 First submitted to journal 19 Jan, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-206644","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Original Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":10311742,"identity":"e5975640-af8f-4f9d-adb3-89ba8848fa92","order_by":0,"name":"Hongcai Ma","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA30lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwglwcDA3gNm8fARr4XnDAPDASDFRqQWkK4csBYGglrM2XsPv/hRYxHNP/Ptwccfc+xk2BiYHz66gUeLZc+5NMueYxK5M27nJRsc3JYMdBibsXEOPofdyDEzZmCTyG24nWMmcXAbM1ALD5s0YS3/JHLn3zwD0lJPlBbjx4xtErkbbvCAtBwmQsuZM2aMvX0SuRvP5BgbnN12nIeNmZBfjvcYf/jxrS533vEzhg8qt1Xb87M3P3yMTwsQsEmg8pnxKwcr+UBYzSgYBaNgFIxoAAAjFkjvKaj3oAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8759-5032","institution":"Donghua University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongcai","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":10311743,"identity":"9f009437-437c-40a1-bdeb-e8b46635eb86","order_by":1,"name":"Hanfang Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Donghua University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hanfang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":10311744,"identity":"11ddac7e-14e2-4dfc-9244-deeaf8720f0f","order_by":2,"name":"Wenxiu Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of South Florida","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wenxiu","middleName":"","lastName":"Ma","suffix":""},{"id":10311745,"identity":"74db11d0-ec0c-4dac-990b-d4edc46f4f44","order_by":3,"name":"Aiping Deng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Donghua University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aiping","middleName":"","lastName":"Deng","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-02-04 06:21:47","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-206644/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-206644/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":5906689,"identity":"54ed0018-fff1-4437-b2a5-1ba68e6cb9cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-12 17:06:02","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":345815,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatiotemporal structure of solution u with the parameter selections (a):t = 2; (b): t = −5. and contour plot (c): t = 2; (d): t = −5.","description":"","filename":"Fig1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/ef356441c92107049faa155d.png"},{"id":5906763,"identity":"94259b0a-2926-467e-a746-86887b4cfd47","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-12 17:09:02","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":357144,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatiotemporal structure of solution u with the parameter selections (a):t = 2; (b): t = −5. and contour plot (c): t = 2; (d): t = −5.","description":"","filename":"Fig2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/fa785cd465a10307a9eab500.png"},{"id":5906939,"identity":"6e7a8535-8007-4224-b59c-97358ca92146","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-12 17:12:02","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":316415,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatiotemporal structure of solution u with the parameter selections (a): t = 2; (b): t = −5. and contour plot (c): t = 2; (d): t = −5.","description":"","filename":"Fig3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/bd7b9ee0a99647836d2c2312.png"},{"id":5906766,"identity":"bb3f54d4-f8b4-4e59-8e6c-b81c3ae6be57","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-12 17:09:02","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":416491,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatiotemporal structure of solution u (a) and contour plot (b).","description":"","filename":"Fig4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/b819821395fa9adbc2e0b986.png"},{"id":5906696,"identity":"4513ff83-7f4c-4faa-b10f-3db22c87754f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-12 17:06:02","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":354416,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatiotemporal structure of solution u (a) and contour plot (b).","description":"","filename":"Fig5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/9c2a3124679ec6a4f3bd56fe.png"},{"id":5906764,"identity":"c81049da-3c3c-4597-a985-8eb808c3da1f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-12 17:09:02","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":309530,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatiotemporal structure of solution u with the parameter selections (a): t = 2; (b): t = −5 and contour plot (c): t = 2; (d): t = −5.","description":"","filename":"Fig6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/1375742b6d136b8c060048d9.png"},{"id":5906769,"identity":"6169f184-ccc3-4860-9cef-08632733d771","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-12 17:09:03","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":275146,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatiotemporal structure of solution u with the parameter selections (a): t = 2; (b): t = −5 and contour plot (c): t = 2; (d): t = −5.","description":"","filename":"Fig7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/3a6e11f37756a4f0cb5bb0aa.png"},{"id":5906940,"identity":"1c7c4907-fdfd-4c11-90cc-eeb81847b882","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-12 17:12:02","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":272971,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatiotemporal structure of solution u with the parameter selections (a): t = 2; (b): t = −5 and contour plot (c): t = 2; (d): t = −5.","description":"","filename":"Fig8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/db84a7e69c55ee8d9c50c756.png"},{"id":13659530,"identity":"2a0c508d-d93a-4f43-8c76-e09922797c63","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 10:20:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2399700,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-206644/v1/346797bf-d934-4f9e-a40e-15cf67b58a01.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito Equation","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eDue to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"(2+1)-dimensional Ito equation, Lump solution, Interaction solution, Soliton, Hirota’s bilinear method","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-206644/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-206644/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito equation with free parameters are obtained by using a Hirota bilinear transformation. Various plots with particular choices of the involved parameters are made to show energy distributions and dynamical properties of the special exact solutions. This phenomenon may provide us with interesting information on dynamics in the higher-dimensional nonlinear world.","manuscriptTitle":"Localized interaction solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional Ito Equation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-02-12 17:06:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-206644/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-02-03T00:00:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","date":"2021-01-19T11:07:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"041f3871-cb26-4953-a3da-665e61deaff5","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 12th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":2265780,"name":"Optics/Lasers"},{"id":2265781,"name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Biology"},{"id":2265782,"name":"Mathematical Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-04-18T20:59:24+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-02-12 17:06:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-206644","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-206644","identity":"rs-206644","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}

Text is read by the "Ask this paper" AI Q&A widget below. Extraction quality varies by source — PMC NXML preserves structure cleanly, OA-HTML may include some navigation residue, and OA-PDF can have broken hyphenation. The publisher copy (via DOI) is the canonical version.

My notes (saved in your browser only)

Ask this paper AI returns verbatim quotes from the full text · source: preprint-html

Answers must be backed by verbatim quotes from this paper's full text. Hallucinated quotes are dropped automatically; if no verbatim passage answers the question, we say so. How this works

Citation neighborhood (no data yet)

We don't have any in-corpus citations linked to this paper yet. The paper's references may be in our DB but unresolved to ``paper_id`` (resolution happens at ingest when the cited DOI matches a row we already have). Run the cross-source citation reconcile pass to retry.

Source provenance

europepmc
last seen: 2026-05-19T01:45:01.086888+00:00
unpaywall
last seen: 2026-05-22T02:00:06.705733+00:00
License: CC-BY-4.0