Analysis of the influence of line type on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in strong wind and sand environments

Analysis of the influence of line type on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in strong wind and sand environments | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of the influence of line type on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in strong wind and sand environments FU CAI-hui FU, DU Li-ming DU This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787348/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Strong wind and sand environments are critical factors affecting high-speed trains' operation. In this paper, the -vortex analysis technique is employed to comparatively analyze the pressure and velocity distribution characteristics of the train surface when the train traveling at a speed of 250km per hour traverses a flat line, a 5m high embankment, and a 3m deep graben in a strong wind and sand environment. Additionally, the study examines the wake turbulence intensity and vortex structural characteristics of the tail car, and the aerodynamic power distribution and sand erosion situation. The results indicate that the change in line type significantly affects the sand flow characteristics around the train, which in turn affects the surface pressure field of the train. When running on the embankment and rift valley lines, more airflow vortices are generated on the leeward side of the train. The foot of the slope also produces a broken vortex structure with high vorticity and strong vortices, which significantly impacts the flow field around the train. In the flat line, the train is subjected to relatively uniform wind and sand impact, but the aerodynamic fluctuations are small; road riffle and embankment, especially on the embankment of the airflow complexity and variability, the flow field structure is the most complex, the aerodynamic characteristics of the train show prominent non-stationary characteristics, the train leeward side of the negative pressure area is also the largest, the transverse force is 45% larger than that in the flat line. In contrast, in the train in the riffle line operation, the headway resistance is significantly reduced. The tail vehicle resistance is the largest, and the drag force suffered is increased, 2.83 times and 0.2 times larger than that on the embankment and flat straight line, respectively. Strong wind and sand environment High speed trains Different line types Ω-Vortex identification method Aerodynamic characteristics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4787348","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":334507015,"identity":"85e3e7b6-37ca-43e2-b413-645b3bf32d3b","order_by":0,"name":"FU CAI-hui FU","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"FU","middleName":"CAI-hui","lastName":"FU","suffix":""},{"id":334507016,"identity":"6b1185a2-8a7a-449b-aa6e-6e4d67e10c75","order_by":1,"name":"DU Li-ming DU","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAsElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCC4wyMD3h4wEwDIrUcZmA24OExIE0LmwQPAyla+A5zp1W8kfmT2MDevE2CoeYOYS2Sh3m33ZzDY5DYwHOsTILh2DPCWgyAWm7zgLRI5JhJMDYcJk5LMViL/BsStDBDbOEhUgvQL5sl5/AYG7fxpBVbJBwjQgvf8d6NH972yMn2sx/eeONDDRFawICxh4GBDcRIIFIDEPwgXukoGAWjYBSMQAAABf41kSQ/G7kAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"DU","middleName":"Li-ming","lastName":"DU","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-23 09:21:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787348/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787348/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":64669722,"identity":"933c7706-846b-401a-af3e-728f62495969","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-17 10:11:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1626620,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Analysisoftheinfluenceoflinetypeontheaerodynamiccharacteristicsofhighspeedtrainsinstrongwindandsandenvironments.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4787348/v1_covered_60a43816-e9c0-4ee3-b43b-99753e6bb114.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of the influence of line type on the aerodynamic characteristics of high-speed trains in strong wind and sand environments","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Strong wind and sand environment, High speed trains, Different line types, Ω-Vortex identification method, Aerodynamic characteristics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787348/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4787348/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eStrong wind and sand environments are critical factors affecting high-speed trains' operation. In this paper, the -vortex analysis technique is employed to comparatively analyze the pressure and velocity distribution characteristics of the train surface when the train traveling at a speed of 250km per hour traverses a flat line, a 5m high embankment, and a 3m deep graben in a strong wind and sand environment. Additionally, the study examines the wake turbulence intensity and vortex structural characteristics of the tail car, and the aerodynamic power distribution and sand erosion situation. The results indicate that the change in line type significantly affects the sand flow characteristics around the train, which in turn affects the surface pressure field of the train. When running on the embankment and rift valley lines, more airflow vortices are generated on the leeward side of the train. The foot of the slope also produces a broken vortex structure with high vorticity and strong vortices, which significantly impacts the flow field around the train. In the flat line, the train is subjected to relatively uniform wind and sand impact, but the aerodynamic fluctuations are small; road riffle and embankment, especially on the embankment of the airflow complexity and variability, the flow field structure is the most complex, the aerodynamic characteristics of the train show prominent non-stationary characteristics, the train leeward side of the negative pressure area is also the largest, the transverse force is 45% larger than that in the flat line. In contrast, in the train in the riffle line operation, the headway resistance is significantly reduced. 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