Emerging Genetic Diversity and Construction Fingerprint of Protein Content of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to Agro-Ecological Sustainability

Emerging Genetic Diversity and Construction Fingerprint of Protein Content of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to Agro-Ecological Sustainability | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Emerging Genetic Diversity and Construction Fingerprint of Protein Content of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to Agro-Ecological Sustainability Hafeez Noor This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6261464/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The leaf vegetable quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) can be used as vegetables similar to spinach in the same family, providing important vitamins, proteins and minerals for human beings. In this study, in order to evaluate the genetic diversity among the leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources, and then select new leaf vegetable quinoa varieties with high quality and high yield, morphological markers and SRAP markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources and core primer combinations were used to construct their fingerprints. The results showed that 20 quinoa lines could be divided into 6 groups when the distance between classes was 8 and the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.732, but there were differences in the classification of specific quinoa lines and subclasses, indicating that the genotype of morphological markers had little correlation with the loci detected by SRAP markers. Three quinoa lines were checked with specific SRAP primers. Using the primers Me1-Em1 and Me1-Em2, the fingerprints of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines were finally constructed. This study would provide a research basis for the selection of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources, and it also provided foundation for the breeding, registration and promotion of new varieties in the next step for leaf vegetable quinoa. There were 7 lines with protein content between 3.0% and 5.5%, 5 lines between 2.0%, and 3.0%, 7 lines between 1.0% and 2.0%, and 1 line less than 1.0%. The average content of vitamin C was 17.36 mg/100 g, with the coefficient of variation 7.89%. The highest content of vitamin C in JQ-02261 was 44.32 mg/100 g, and the lowest in JQ-02213 was 6.21 mg/100 g. Molecular Genetics fingerprint genetic diversity leaf vegetable quinoa soluble sugar content Vitamin Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 1. Introduction At present, Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) is an annual dicotyledonous plant of Chenopodiaceae genus Chenopodiaceae, native to Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia in the Indian Mountains of South America. It was the traditional food of the indigenous people in the Inca region and it has a long history of cultivation. Quinoa seeds were rich in various nutrients, which were called "the mother of food" by the ancient Incas [1,2]. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recognized quinoa as the only plant that could meet all the basic nutritional needs of the human body, and recommended it as a perfect nutrient food suitable for human beings [3,4]. However, quinoa had strict requirements on climate conditions also with low grain yield, so its introduction and cultivation were limited. The seedlings of leaf vegetable quinoa had high nutritional value and good taste quality. Spinach of the same family, it contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, cellulose and higher protein [5]. At the same time, the growth of quinoa sprouts are fast, which can be sown one time and harvested many times. It had potential development for cultivation and eating as vegetable [6,7]. It became the critical issue to screen and cultivate leaf vegetable quinoa lines with high-quality and high-yield in the current quinoa industry development, and it was also an important direction for future development. At present, the research on quinoa mainly focused on the grain yield in the world. Some studies paid more attention to the evolutionary analysis, salt tolerance mechanism, quality evaluation and genome sequencing of quinoa germplasm resources [8–11]. Genetic diversity was the premise of survival, adaptation, development and evolution of species. It could provide breeding materials and theoretical basis for selecting new varieties of quinoa following with the analysis of genetic diversity for quinoa germplasm resources [12]. Based on phenotypic traits, excellent quinoa resources had been screened with large grains, high grain weight, very early maturity, short stalks, high protein, etc. But the phenotypic traits are limited and easy to be impacted by environment [13]. SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of quinoa germplasm resources with high polymorphism, and the results showed that quinoa could be divided into different groups or subgroups according to line type, source region, agronomic traits [14]. It could provide a research basis for molecular marker assisted breeding and character improvement of quinoa based on phenotype and SSR markers for the genetic diversity analysis of quinoa germplasm resources [15]. However, the research materials mainly focused on seeds of quinoa lines, and the SSR primers were species-limited with high cost. SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) amplifying the open reading frame by unique universal primers has the advantages of simplicity, efficiency, good repeatability and easy sequencing. It can improve the correlation between amplification results and performance characters [16]. At present, it had been widely used in plant germplasm identification and evaluation, fingerprint construction, gene mapping, comparative genomics, etc [17,18,19]. But until now there are no reports about genetic diversity analysis of quinoa by SRAP markers. At the same time, the existing leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources are confused, with the phenomenon of "synonyms" and "homonyms". In this study, the genetic relationship and their genetic diversity were analyzed and evaluated, and then the fingerprint of seedlings vegetable quinoa lines was established by SRAP marker. The results will provide a scientific basis for the introduction and screening, identification and evaluation, rational development and utilization of seedling quinoa germplasm resources. 2. Materials and Methods The 20 leaf vegetable quinoa were provided by Shanxi Jiaqi Quinoa Development Co., Ltd., which were selected from 120 quinoa lines through assessing comprehensive performances after the quality index determination by our research group. Table 1 were the basic information of test materials. Table 1. The basic information of test materials 2.1. Experimental Design The experiment was carried out in the quinoa planting base in Zuoyun County, Datong, Shanxi Province. Zuoyun County is located in the north of Shanxi Province, with a frost free period of 95-130 days, significant temperature difference between day and night, sufficient sunshine, flat terrain and fertile soil. It is a traditional planting area of Quinoa in China. A single factor randomized block trial design was adopted. Each line has a plot, 60 plots in total, with an area of 24 m2 (6 m × 4 m). All tested quinoa were planted by manual drill sowing (DS) on August 5, 2022, following with conventional technology management. 2.2. Determination of Quality Index Leaf Vegetable Quinoa The tested quinoa was harvested 30 days later. The quinoa sprouts with consistent growth were screened in each plot, and the whole plant was cut. Three quinoa sprouts were selected in each plot, and a total of nine quinoa lines were selected in each line. The quinoa sprouts was dried in the shade in a ventilated place removing soil and root. Then the samples were ground, and they were sieved for 40 meshes, sealed, and stored in a refrigerator at -20°C as the samples using to determine the protein content, vitamin C content, total polyphenol content, soluble sugar and nitrate nitrogen content. 2.2.1. Extraction and Detection of Total DNA for Leaf Vegetable Quinoa The total DNA was extracted through the rapid extraction kit of broad-spectrum plant genomic DNA, which was detected for integrity with 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis, and its concentration and quality was determined by a nucleic acid protein meter. Genomic DNA bands were bright and intact without degradation. Then The DNA was diluted to 50 ng/ul by adding appropriate amount of sterile water and stored in the refrigerator at -20°C. 2.2.2. SRAP-PCR Amplification and Electrophoretic Detection of Leaf Vegetable Quinoa The primers were synthesized by Bioengineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Table 2), with sequences from the papers published [16]. SRAP-PCR reaction system includes 50 ng/uL DNA 1.0 uL, 2 × Taq PCR MasterMix (containing dye) 5.0 uL, 10 umol/L upstream and downstream primers 1.0 uL respectively, adding ddH 2 O to 10.0 uL. SRAP-PCR reaction procedure was pre denaturation at 94 for 5 min; 5 cycles: denaturation at 94°C for 45s, annealing at 35°C for 45s, elongation at 72°C for 1 min; 35 cycles: denaturation at 94°C for 45s, annealing at 52°C for 45 s, elongation at 72°C for 1min; Extension at 72°C for 10 min; Store at 4°C. The amplified products were detected by 8% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with 50 bp DNA Ladder Marker as the molecular weight marker at a constant pressure of 170 V for 2 h. After developing the color by silver staining, the products were photographed and recorded on the gel observation lamp. 2.2.3. Statistical Analysis The quality indexes of quinoa sprouts were repeated for 3 times. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for preliminary sorting of test data, and SPSS 23 software was used for variance analysis and cluster analysis. After SRAP marker electrophoresis of quinoa, the bands which were clearly visible and repeatable were marked as "1", and the missing or weak band was marked as "0". The data was inputed into Excel 2010 software to construct the original "1" and "0" matrix. Meanwhile, the number of amplified bands and polymorphic bands of each pair primers were counted, and the ratio of polymorphic bands was also calculated. Primer polymorphism was evaluated using PIC (polymorphism information content) [20]. POPGENE version 1.32 software was used to calculate the number of observed alleles (Na), the number of effective alleles (Ne), Nei's genetic diversity index (H) and Shannon's information index (I). The Qualitiative data module was used to calculate the genetic similarity coefficients among the test materials using NTSYS pc version 2.10e software [21]. The SAHN module was used for cluster analysis using the unweighted class average method (UPGMA), and the Tree plot module was used to draw a tree cluster map. Table 2. The primer sequence of SRAP primers Table 3. Comparison nutritional quality indexes of different quinoa sprouts Note: Data results are expressed as “mean ± standard deviation”, different lowercase letters in the same column of data indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05). 3. Results 3.1. Quality Indexes Comparison of Quinoa Sprouts The protein content of different quinoa lines was between 0.87%~5.10%, and the average content was 2.72%, with the coefficient of variation 15.07%. Among them, JQ-01728 had the highest protein content, and JQ-02050 had the lowest protein content. The highest content was 5.86 times of the lowest. There were 7 lines with protein content between 3.0%, and 5.5%, 5 lines between 2.0% and 3.0%, 7 lines between 1.0%, and 2.0%, and 1 line less than 1.0%. The average content of vitamin C was 17.36 mg/100 g, with the coefficient of variation 7.89%. The highest content of vitamin C in JQ-02261 was 44.32 mg/100 g, and the lowest in JQ-02213 was 6.21 mg/100 g. The highest content was 7.14 times of the lowest. There were 6 lines with vitamin C content between 20.0 mg/100 g and 45.0 mg/100 g, 10 lines between 10.0 mg/100 g and 20.0 mg/100 g, and 4 lines less than 10.0 mg/100 g. The average content of soluble sugar is 1.54%, and the coefficient of variation is 18.19%. The highest content of soluble sugar in JQ-02215 is 2.36%, and the lowest content in JQ-01028 is 0.61%. The highest content is 3.87 times of the lowest. There were 6 strains with soluble sugar content of 2.0%~2.5%, 7 strains between 1.0%~2.0%, and 7 strains less than 1.0%. The average content of total polyphenols in different quinoa malt lines was 9.89 g/L, and the coefficient of variation was 4.55%. The highest content of total polyphenols in JQ-01028 was 20.75 g/L, and the lowest content in JQ-02260 was 4.67 g/L. The highest content was 4.4 times of the lowest. The nitrate nitrogen content ranges from 122.50 mg/1kg to 424.40 mg/kg, and the average content was 277.03 mg/kg, with the coefficient of variation of 1.23%. Among them, JQ-01728 has the highest nitrate nitrogen content and JQ-02050 has the lowest, Table 3. The quality indexes of different leaf vegetable quinoa lines were significantly different. The coefficient of variation of soluble sugar content was the largest, and the coefficient of variation of nitrate nitrogen content was the smallest. 3.2. Cluster Analysis of Quality Characters of Quinoa Sprouts With the square Euclidean distance of the quality index as the measurement interval, 20 leafy vegetable quinoa lines were divided into six categories at 8 distances, as shown in Figure 1. There were 6 lines in the first group, including JQ-01937, JQ-02361, JQ-02285, JQ-00128, JQ-01706, and JQ-02050 . Through comparison, the protein content of these 6 lines were lower than the average, and the vitamin C content of three lines was higher than the average, meanwhile the nitrate nitrogen content and soluble sugar content were lower. The second group had two strains, including JQ-01028 and JQ-02458 , with high total polyphenol content and low soluble sugar and nitrate nitrogen content. This group could be used as breeding materials for selecting new Quinoa sprouts with high polyphenol, low sugar and low nitrate nitrogen content. The third group had only JQ-02261 , with high vitamin C content, low soluble sugar and low nitrate nitrogen. The fourth group has four strains, namely JQ-01872, JQ-01591, JQ-02250, and JQ-02206 . There were the common characteristics of high protein content, high soluble sugar content, and low nitrate nitrogen content. This group could be used as breeding materials with high protein, high sugar content, and low nitrate nitrogen content. There were 6 strains in group 5, including JQ-02260, JQ-02213, JQ-01593, JQ-02215, JQ-01649 and JQ-01728 . The protein content, soluble sugar content and nitrate nitrogen content were high, but the total polyphenol content was low. In the sixth group, there was only JQ-1674 with high protein content, high nitrate nitrogen content and low soluble sugar content. Table 4. Polymorphism comparison of SRAP primer combinations Note: PIC : Polymorphism information contents; Na : Number of observed alleles; Ne : Number of effective alleles; H : Nei's genetic diversity index; I : Shannon's information index. 3.3. Polymorphism Comparison of SRAP Primer A total of 180 allelic loci were detected from 25 polymorphic SRAP primers, with 7.20 loci in average. The highest number of sites detected was 11 by primer Me5-Em3 Me5-Em4, and the lowest number was 3 by primer Me4-Em1. The percentage polymorphic loci ranged from 60.00% to 100.00%, with 93.33% in average. The observed allele number (Na) ranged from 1.6000 to 2.000, with an average of 1.9256. The effective allele number (Ne) ranged from 1.2002 to 1.7819, with an average of 1.4679. The NEI's genetic diversity index (h) ranged from 0.1590 to 0.4286, and Shannon’s information index (I) ranged from 0.2796 to 0.6169, with an average of 0.4372 (Table 4) in details. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of primers ranged from 0.1380 to 0.6853, with an average of 0.3670. Among them, the PIC of primer Me3-Em3 was the highest, and that of primer Me1-Em4 was the lowest. As shown in Figure 2, 5 pairs primers were highly polymorphic locis (PIC > 0.50), accounting for 20%, and 15 pairs of primers were moderately polymorphic locis (0.25 ≤ PIC ≤ 0.50), accounting for 60%. 5 pair primers were low polymorphic sites (pic < 0.25), accounting for 20%, indicating that the selected primers had abundant polymorphism among the tested varieties, as shown in Figure 2. 3.4. Cluster Analysis of SRAP Markers in leaf Vegetable Quinoa The cluster diagram of genetic relationship for 20 leaf vegetable quinoas was obtained according to UPGMA method, as shown in Figure 3. The correlation coefficient r=0.82287 were obtained from the cophenetic correlation analysis, indicating that the clustering result was correct. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.732, 20 leaf vegetable quinoas could be divided into 6 categories. Group I was the largest, including 9 lines, and group II includes 7 lines. There was only one line in group’s III to VI, namely JQ-02206 , JQ-02361 , JQ-00128 and JQ-01728 respectively, of which JQ-02361 is light yellow and JQ-00128 is red. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.744, group I was further divided into 2 subclasses. The first subclass contained five strains, namely JQ-01028, JQ-02215, JQ-02213, JQ-02250 and JQ-02050. The second subclass contained four strains, namely JQ-01593, JQ-02458, JQ-01706 and JQ-01937 . Except for JQ-01937 with red, the other three strains were white. Group II could be divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup had five strains, including JQ-01872, JQ-01649, JQ-02260 , JQ-02261 and JQ-01674 respectively. The second subgroup contained JQ-02285 and JQ-01591 respectively. 3.5. Fingerprinting Construction of Leaf Vegetable Quinoa The 25 pair polymorphic primers were used to amplify 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines. According to the electrophoretic bands of PCR products Figure 4, 3 leaf vegetable quinoa lines had characteristic primers, which could be distinguished from the other quinoa lines. The characteristic primer of JQ-02215 was primer Me1-Em3, JQ-02206 with Me1-Em4 and JQ-01728 with Me2-Em1 respectively. Two primer combinations, ME1-EM1 and Me1-Em2, were used to distinguish 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines. The amplified results were translated into binary“0/1”code, and the digital fingerprints of each line were obtained. Then the fingerprint library of 20 seedling-type quinoa materials was constructed as shown in Table 5. The basic information and digitized DNA fingerprints of each tested material were inputed into the online two-dimensional code generator to obtain the two-dimensional code molecular ID card of leaf vegetable quinoa strain, as shown in Figure 5. Table 5. DNA fingerprinting of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines by SRAP markers Note: Digital fingerprints constructed with primer combinations Me1-Em1 and Me1-Em2; 0 means there is no band at this locus, while 1 means there is a band at this locus. 4. Discussion 4.1. SRAP Markers Analysis in Leaf Vegetable Quinoa Germplasm Resources The analyzing genetic diversity of crop population, we can understand the genetic structure, variation level and genetic background of the population. It can provide a theoretical basis for parent selection, variety protection and so on. In this study, the genetic diversity of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources were analyzed by SRAP markers for the first time. A total of 180 bands were amplified with 25 pair primers, and the average percentage of polymorphic loci was 93.33%. The result was lower than that in bermudagrass (96.58%) [22]. Higher than that in Chinese Cyclocybe chaxingu strains (79.52%) [23]. In this study, the polymorphic information content (PIC) of the primers ranged from 0.1380 to 0.6853, with an average of 0.3670. Among the 25 pairs of primers, 20 pairs belonged to middle high polymorphic loci, accounting for 80%. This indicated that the primers had rich polymorphism among the tested varieties, and they had good identification ability, and could reveal the genetic diversity among the tested materials. 4.2. Cluster Analysis of Leaf Vegetable Quinoa Germplasm Resources In this study, 20 quinoa lines could be divided into 6 groups when the distance between classes was 8 and the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.732. It is obvious that the materials from Jiaqi Quinoa Company and from other various countries were not clearly differentiated from the two cluster diagrams, and the materials from the same origin were not clustered into a single group. This indicated that the cluster results were not significantly related to the geographical origin of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm. SSR markers were also used to evaluate the genetic diversity of quinoa germplasm resources [12,15], and it was found that quinoa materials from different sources were grouped into one group, and quinoa germplasm with the same geographical distribution was also divided into different groups. It was consistent with the results of our study, and it also shows that the tested quinoa germplasm had rich genetic diversity. Comparing the clustering results of morphological markers and SRAP molecular markers, the two clustering methods were consistent in the division of the overall trend, and the tested materials could be divided into 6 groups, but there were differences in the division of specific strains and subclasses. The same tested materials obtained different clustering results because of the different detection targets and clustering basis between the two marker methods. The polymorphic loci detected by SRAP markers were not necessarily the gene loci of the specific morphological traits. The traits measured by morphology might have no relationship with SRAP polymorphic loci, or the differences from morphological traits could not be detected by SRAP markers. It might achieve the consistent of two different types of markers only by selecting more markers and designing specific primers to make wider coverage, which could cover all the different morphological trait loci in the form of alleles [24]. 4.3. Construction of SRAP Fingerprint Library of Leaf Vegetable Quinoa Germplasm Resources Quinoa has been planted in Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and other places in China [25,26]. Due to its wide distribution, the name of varieties was confused, and there are phenomena of "homonymy" and "synonymy". The DNA fingerprints were constructed depending on the molecular markers with rich polymorphism, high individual specificity and environmental stability. Similar to human fingerprints, they could identify the differences between biological individuals and played an important role in variety identification and genetic diversity [27,28]. SRAP molecular marker has many characteristics of high polymorphism, good repeatability, and primers universality. At present, there was no relevant report on constructing the fingerprint of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources using SRAP marker technology, but it has been used in Polygonatum Mill [18], Indian garlic [29], grass Stenotaphrum secundatum [30] and Amomum tsao-ko [31]. Three pairs of EST-SSR primers and two pairs of SRAP primers were selected to construct the fingerprinting database for Polygonatum Mill which had high quality and polymorphic alleles [18]. SRAP technology was used to construct 36 DNA digital fingerprints of Chrysosplenium and the unique molecular identification band type was obtained for each material [32]. Among the 25 pairs polymorphic primers selected in this study, there is no any pair of primers which could completely distinguish the 20 leaf vegetable quinoa. It was necessary to add more primer pairs one by one according to the order of the primer PIC value from high to low, and until all the tested lines were distinguished. Among them, primer combination 1 (Me1/Em1, Me1/Em2) and primer combination (Me1/Em3, Me2/Em4, Me4/Em4) could distinguish all the tested materials. According to the principle by using few possible primersto distinguishmore possible varieties, primer combination 1 was selected to successfully construct the DNA fingerprints of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines. The fingerprints constructed in this study could be used as the basis for identification of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources, and it will be helpful to solve the problem of synonymous and homonymous in quinoa germplasm resources. 5. Conclusion The genetic diversity of 20 quinoa leaf vegetable germplasm resources was analyzed by using both morphological markers and SRAP markers. The results showed that the 7 lines with protein content between 3.0% and 5.5%, 5 lines between 2.0% and 3.0%, 7 lines between 1.0% and 2.0%, and 1 line less than 1.0%. The average content of vitamin C was 17.36 mg/100 g, with the coefficient of variation 7.89%. The highest content of vitamin C in JQ-02261 was 44.32 mg/100 g, and the lowest in JQ-02213 was 6.21 mg/100 g. 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R., Evolution, C., Assessment of genetic diversity in Amomum tsao-ko Crevost & Lemarie, an important medicine food homologous crop from Southwest China using SRAP and ISSR markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 2021;68(6):2655-2667. Huang, W., Lan, D. Q., Qin, R., Liu, H., Li, Establishment of DNA fingerprints for Chrysosplenium using SRAP Markers. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 2020, 45, (15), 3659-3665. Tables Table 1. The basic information of test materials Number Line Original resource ID Grain color 1 JQ-01028 JQ-01028 white 2 JQ-02250 JQ-02250 red 3 JQ-02215 D-12057 white 4 JQ-02050 CHEN-338 faint yellow 5 JQ-01593 JQ-01593 white 6 JQ-01872 JQ-01872 red 7 JQ-01728 JQ-01728 white 8 JQ-01937 JQ-01937 red 9 JQ-02260 D-12158 white 10 JQ-01706 NSL-86628 white 11 JQ-00128 JQ-00128 red 12 JQ-01649 PI-510532 white 13 JQ-02213 JQ-02213 white 14 JQ-02361 Indica faint yellow 15 JQ-02458 JQ-02458 white 16 JQ-01674 JQ-01674 faint yellow 17 JQ-02285 Ames-13741 red 18 JQ-01591 JQ-01591 white 19 JQ-02206 CHEN-199 white 20 JQ-02261 CHEN-244 white Table 2. The primer sequence of SRAP primers Forward primer Primer sequence Reverse primer Primer sequence Me1 TGAGTCCAAACCGGATA Em1 GACTGCGTACGAATTAAT Me2 TGAGTCCAAACCGGAGC Em2 GACTGCGTACGAATTTGC Me3 TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT Em3 GACTGCGTACGAATTGAC Me4 TGAGTCCAAACCGGTGC Em4 GACTGCGTACGAATTAAC Me5 TGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG Em5 GACTGCGTACGAATTGCA Me6 TGAGTCCAAACCGGACA Em6 GACTGCGTACGAATTCAA Me7 TGAGTCCAAACCGGACG Em7 GACTGCGTACGAATTCAC Me8 TGAGTCCAAACCGGACT Em8 GACTGCGTACGAATTCAT Me9 TGAGTCCAAACCGGTCA Em9 GACTGCGTACGAATTCTA Table 3. Comparison nutritional quality indexes of different quinoa sprouts No Lines names Content of protein (%) Content of vitamin C (mg/100g) Content of total polyphenol (g/L) Content of soluble sugar (%) Content of nitrate nitrogen (mg/kg) 1 JQ-01028 1.58 ± 0.24 ef 23.57 ± 0.58 c 20.75 ± 0.55 a 0.61 ± 0.07 f 142.70 ± 1.06 k 2 JQ-02250 2.54 ± 0.87 cde 9.70 ± 2.43 hi 5.25 ± 0.26 ij 1.87 ± 0.89 abc 276.70 ± 1.60 f 3 JQ-02215 3.67 ± 0.09 b 23.42 ± 0.66 c 5.11 ± 0.94 ij 2.36 ± 0.21 a 412.00 ± 5.18 bc 4 JQ-02050 0.87 ± 0.19 f 29.31 ± 0.85 b 9.56 ± 0.55 f 0.94 ± 0.10 def 122.50 ± 2.06 l 5 JQ-01593 3.77 ± 0.64 b 15.37 ± 1.46 ef 7.80 ± 0.32 g 1.87 ± 0.27 abc 406.60 ± 3.32 c 6 JQ-01872 2.70 ± 0.83 cd 9.35 ± 1.05 hi 10.67 ± 0.14 e 2.20 ± 0.56 ab 238.80 ± 2.92 g 7 JQ-01728 5.10 ± 0.15 a 23.60 ± 0.91 c 10.54 ± 0.52 e 1.46 ± 0.10 cde 424.40 ± 6.93 a 8 JQ-01937 1.73 ± 0.35 def 20.55 ± 1.75 d 10.55 ± 1.13 e 0.83 ± 0.06 ef 172.30 ± 1.67 i 9 JQ-02260 4.18 ± 1.06 ab 12.05 ± 1.39 ghi 4.67 ± 0.61 j 2.08 ± 0.62 abc 418.00 ± 9.78 ab 10 JQ-01706 1.88 ± 0.49 de 10.09 ± 0.43 ghi 12.9 ± 0.52 c 1.50 ± 0.46 cd 201.90 ± 1.00 h 11 JQ-00128 1.58 ± 0.24ef 16.15 ± 0.34 e 5.76 ± 0.40 i 1.19 ± 0.23 def 116.40 ± 0.79 l 12 JQ-01649 4.90 ± 0.38 a 17.76 ± 3.3 de 8.40 ± 0.45 g 2.30 ± 0.50 a 421.10 ± 4.92 a 13 JQ-02213 3.93 ± 1.24 b 6.21 ± 3.23 j 5.00 ± 0.16 ij 1.94 ± 0.10 abc 417.30 ± 10.29 ab 14 JQ-02361 1.92 ± 0.24 de 19.72 ± 0.43 d 12.40 ± 0.76 cd 0.84 ± 0.11 ef 208.40 ± 0.95 h 15 JQ-02458 2.15 ± 0.07 de 9.18 ± 1.84 i 19.53 ± 0.44 b 0.97 ± 0.09 def 231.50 ± 1.76 g 16 JQ-01674 3.27 ± 0.57 bc 16.38 ± 0.96 e 9.95 ± 0.06 ef 0.68 ± 0.10 f 417.50 ± 7.06 ab 17 JQ-02285 1.65 ± 0.23 ef 12.83 ± 2.55 fg 9.87 ± 0.19 ef 0.65 ± 0.08 f 154.30 ± 1.33 g 18 JQ-01591 2.68 ± 0.07 cd 12.29 ± 1.36 gh 10.52 ± 0.47 e 2.49 ± 0.27 a 296.00 ± 2.01 d 19 JQ-02206 2.60 ± 0.22 cde 15.29 ± 0.701 ef 6.61 ± 0.03 h 2.40 ± 0.46 a 285.40 ± 2.23 e 20 JQ-02261 1.74 ± 0.08 def 44.32 ± 1.15 a 11.94 ± 0.07 d 1.59 ± 0.25 bcd 176.80 ± 1.55 i Mean 2.72 17.36 9.89 1.54 277.03 CV (%) 15.07 7.89 4.55 18.19 1.23 Note: Data results are expressed as “mean ± standard deviation”, different lowercase letters in the same column of data indicate significant differences ( P < 0.05). Table 4. Polymorphism comparison of SRAP primer combinations Number Primer combinations Alleles Polymorphic alleles Percentage of polymorphic bands (%) PIC Na Ne H I 1 Me1-Em1 10 10 100.00 0.5385 2.0000 1.6181 0.3540 0.5268 2 Me1-Em2 7 7 100.00 0.2806 2.0000 1.4055 0.2507 0.3974 3 Me1-Em3 5 3 60.00 0.3470 1.6000 1.4531 0.2470 0.3578 4 Me1-Em4 5 4 80.00 0.1380 1.8000 1.2002 0.1590 0.2796 5 Me1-Em5 8 7 87.50 0.4026 1.8750 1.4923 0.2900 0.4405 6 Me2-Em1 4 4 100.00 0.2338 2.0000 1.3774 0.2637 0.4282 7 Me2-Em2 7 7 100.00 0.5025 2.0000 1.5698 0.3379 0.5101 8 Me2-Em3 7 7 100.00 0.3214 2.0000 1.4503 0.2714 0.4244 9 Me2-Em4 8 8 100.00 0.3740 2.0000 1.4696 0.2875 0.4441 10 Me2-Em5 5 5 100.00 0.4872 2.0000 1.5290 0.3040 0.4600 11 Me3-Em1 4 4 100.00 0.2086 2.0000 1.3170 0.2188 0.3649 12 Me3-Em2 5 5 100.00 0.2854 2.0000 1.4222 0.2640 0.4156 13 Me3-Em3 7 7 100.00 0.6853 2.0000 1.7819 0.4286 0.6169 14 Me3-Em4 8 7 87.50 0.5743 1.8750 1.6361 0.3644 0.5302 15 Me3-Em5 6 6 100.00 0.3586 2.0000 1.4545 0.2800 0.4365 16 Me4-Em1 3 2 66.67 0.3051 1.6667 1.4414 0.2650 0.3911 17 Me4-Em2 6 6 100.00 0.4965 2.0000 1.5372 0.3242 0.4938 18 Me4-Em3 8 6 75.00 0.2276 1.7500 1.3696 0.2406 0.3730 19 Me4-Em4 8 7 87.50 0.2713 1.8750 1.3965 0.2606 0.4100 20 Me4-Em5 9 8 88.89 0.2654 1.8889 1.3923 0.2417 0.3796 21 Me5-Em1 8 8 100.00 0.4431 2.0000 1.5044 0.3169 0.4883 22 Me5-Em2 10 9 90.00 0.2973 1.9000 1.4282 0.2670 0.4151 23 Me5-Em3 11 11 100.00 0.3155 2.0000 1.4472 0.2855 0.4487 24 Me5-Em4 11 10 90.91 0.6175 1.9091 1.6884 0.3777 0.5441 25 Me5-Em5 10 10 100.00 0.1968 2.0000 1.3151 0.2125 0.3532 Total 180 168 _ _ _ _ _ _ Mean 7.20 6.72 93.33 0.3670 1.9256 1.4679 0.2845 0.4372 Note: PIC : Polymorphism information contents; Na : Number of observed alleles; Ne : Number of effective alleles; H : Nei's genetic diversity index; I : Shannon's information index. Table 5. DNA fingerprinting of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines by SRAP markers Number Lines Numbered fingerprints 1 JQ-01028 10001000101110110 2 JQ-02250 11000001001111110 3 JQ-02215 10011111101011110 4 JQ-02050 00101000001110110 5 JQ-01593 01111111111111110 6 JQ-01872 00000000101010110 7 JQ-01728 00001001100000000 8 JQ-01937 00001001001000110 9 JQ-02260 11001001000010110 10 JQ-01706 00001001000010110 11 JQ-00128 00001011100010110 12 JQ-01649 11001000001011110 13 JQ-02213 10001000101011110 14 JQ-02361 11000101000010110 15 JQ-02458 00001110101110111 16 JQ-01674 00001111000010110 17 JQ-02285 01001101100010110 18 JQ-01591 01001011001011110 19 JQ-02206 10001001000010110 20 JQ-02261 11000011000010110 Note: Digital fingerprints constructed with primer combinations Me1-Em1 and Me1-Em2; 0 means there is no band at this locus, while 1 means there is a band at this locus. Additional Declarations The authors declare potential competing interests as follows: All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6261464","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":431035222,"identity":"f68bd6dc-6ad2-4b59-aa31-e85f6154f13f","order_by":0,"name":"Hafeez Noor","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwbGB1AmDwMDkJnAD2InFODTwmyA0JIARJINIC0GpGgxOAARxwnM2Q8zPvjw544cv/TZgx8SKuzyjM+vTvzwwIBBnl/sAFYtlj3JzIYzeJ4ZS/blJUsknEkuNrvxdrME0GGGM2cnYHfYgfxj0jwShxM3nOExkEhsO5C47cbZDSAtCQa3cWg5/5j99x8DsBbjHyAtm2ec3fwDr5YbyWzMDAlgLWZgWzbw927Db8uNx8ySPQcOG0v28KVZAP2SOOMG7zaLBAMJ3H45n8z44cefw3L8PLyHb3yosEvs7z+7+eaPCht5fmnsWrAACbBKCWKVgwD/AVJUj4JRMApGwQgAAHBJZmW3GQ3ZAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hafeez","middleName":"","lastName":"Noor","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-19 12:15:43","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":true,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6261464/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6261464/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":78884267,"identity":"9c76a807-b04a-4840-80b0-d9ebe39f40ba","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-20 09:21:27","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":132034,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCluster analysis of quality traits of leaf vegetable quinoa lines\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6261464/v1/dc7a04d8a888b38e8d744303.png"},{"id":78885089,"identity":"ea7c9c45-88c8-49a8-89d0-834a576dc10e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-20 09:29:27","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":29162,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePIC value distribution of 25 pairs polymorphic primers\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6261464/v1/06dc071ce9acef3ed031bb6f.png"},{"id":78883931,"identity":"11542607-7906-4ea8-8716-8d21e679a08b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-20 09:13:27","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1887836,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCluster diagram of SRAP markers in leaf vegetable Quino\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6261464/v1/dcccf7760c2d164cc5cacb0f.png"},{"id":78885088,"identity":"c9a2ad0e-8d8c-42bc-99a4-686ad15fa19c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-20 09:29:27","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":296190,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAmplification results of primer Me2-Em5 M: DNA marker; 1-20 correspond to the 20 quinoa lines in Table 1 in turn, The same below\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6261464/v1/253f2cd0cd1756d0bf9a9707.png"},{"id":78883929,"identity":"b6b53ffd-0fd6-4d58-ae17-edb08e97913a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-20 09:13:27","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":135616,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eTwo dimensional code molecular ID card of leaf vegetable quinoa lines\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6261464/v1/e0a46f400b549deed876948f.png"},{"id":78883936,"identity":"1719f804-812f-4e47-9020-d77b946f8bcf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-20 09:13:28","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1689408,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eQuinoa (\u003cem\u003eChenopodium quinoa\u003c/em\u003e\u0026nbsp;Willd.) is native to the Andean region and has attracted a global growing interest due its unique nutritional value. The protein content of quinoa grains is higher than other cereals while it has better distribution of essential amino acids. It can be used as an alternative to milk proteins\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6261464/v1/65317944d9107718798dd20a.png"},{"id":78886587,"identity":"0e99e2d8-ae0f-480f-98d6-e64dfbacad22","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-20 09:45:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2917807,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6261464/v1/f983c0b4-123b-4bde-8089-c3508b657482.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare potential competing interests as follows: All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEmerging Genetic Diversity and Construction Fingerprint of Protein Content of Quinoa (\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eChenopodium quinoa\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e Willd.) to Agro-Ecological Sustainability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAt present, Quinoa (\u003cem\u003eChenopodium quinoa\u003c/em\u003e Wild.) is an annual dicotyledonous plant of Chenopodiaceae genus Chenopodiaceae, native to Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia in the Indian Mountains of South America. It was the traditional food of the indigenous people in the Inca region and it has a long history of cultivation. Quinoa seeds were rich in various nutrients, which were called \"the mother of food\" by the ancient Incas [1,2]. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recognized quinoa as the only plant that could meet all the basic nutritional needs of the human body, and recommended it as a perfect nutrient food suitable for human beings [3,4]. However, quinoa had strict requirements on climate conditions also with low grain yield, so its introduction and cultivation were limited. The seedlings of leaf vegetable quinoa had high nutritional value and good taste quality. Spinach of the same family, it contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, cellulose and higher protein [5]. At the same time, the growth of quinoa sprouts are fast, which can be sown one time and harvested many times. It had potential development for cultivation and eating as vegetable [6,7]. It became the critical issue to screen and cultivate leaf vegetable quinoa lines with high-quality and high-yield in the current quinoa industry development, and it was also an important direction for future development. At present, the research on quinoa mainly focused on the grain yield in the world. Some studies paid more attention to the evolutionary analysis, salt tolerance mechanism, quality evaluation and genome sequencing of quinoa germplasm resources [8\u0026ndash;11]. Genetic diversity was the premise of survival, adaptation, development and evolution of species. It could provide breeding materials and theoretical basis for selecting new varieties of quinoa following with the analysis of genetic diversity for quinoa germplasm resources [12]. Based on phenotypic traits, excellent quinoa resources had been screened with large grains, high grain weight, very early maturity, short stalks, high protein, etc. But the phenotypic traits are limited and easy to be impacted by environment [13]. SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of quinoa germplasm resources with high polymorphism, and the results showed that quinoa could be divided into different groups or subgroups according to line type, source region, agronomic traits [14]. It could provide a research basis for molecular marker assisted breeding and character improvement of quinoa based on phenotype and SSR markers for the genetic diversity analysis of quinoa germplasm resources [15]. However, the research materials mainly focused on seeds of quinoa lines, and the SSR primers were species-limited with high cost. SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) amplifying the open reading frame by unique universal primers has the advantages of simplicity, efficiency, good repeatability and easy sequencing. It can improve the correlation between amplification results and performance characters [16]. At present, it had been widely used in plant germplasm identification and evaluation, fingerprint construction, gene mapping, comparative genomics, etc [17,18,19]. But until now there are no reports about genetic diversity analysis of quinoa by SRAP markers. At the same time, the existing leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources are confused, with the phenomenon of \"synonyms\" and \"homonyms\". In this study, the genetic relationship and their genetic diversity were analyzed and evaluated, and then the fingerprint of seedlings vegetable quinoa lines was established by SRAP marker. The results will provide a scientific basis for the introduction and screening, identification and evaluation, rational development and utilization of seedling quinoa germplasm resources.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe 20 leaf vegetable quinoa were provided by Shanxi Jiaqi Quinoa Development Co., Ltd., which were selected from 120 quinoa lines through assessing comprehensive performances after the quality index determination by our research group. Table 1 were the basic information of test materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Table 1. The basic information of test materials\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.1. Experimental Design\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe experiment was carried out in the quinoa planting base in Zuoyun County, Datong, Shanxi Province. Zuoyun County is located in the north of Shanxi Province, with a frost free period of 95-130 days, significant temperature difference between day and night, sufficient sunshine, flat terrain and fertile soil. It is a traditional planting area of Quinoa in China. A single factor randomized block trial design was adopted. Each line has a plot, 60 plots in total, with an area of 24 m2 (6 m \u0026times; 4 m). All tested quinoa were planted by manual drill sowing (DS) on August 5, 2022, following with conventional technology management.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2. Determination of Quality Index Leaf Vegetable Quinoa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe tested quinoa was harvested 30 days later. The quinoa sprouts with consistent growth were screened in each plot, and the whole plant was cut. Three quinoa sprouts were selected in each plot, and a total of nine quinoa lines were selected in each line. The quinoa sprouts was dried in the shade in a ventilated place removing soil and root. Then the samples were ground, and they were sieved for 40 meshes,\u0026nbsp;sealed, and stored in a refrigerator at -20\u0026deg;C as the samples using to determine the protein content, vitamin C content, total polyphenol content, soluble sugar and nitrate nitrogen content.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.1. Extraction and Detection of Total DNA for Leaf Vegetable Quinoa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total DNA was extracted through the rapid extraction kit of broad-spectrum plant genomic DNA, which was detected for integrity with 0.8% agarose gel electrophoresis, and its concentration and quality was determined by a nucleic acid protein meter. Genomic DNA bands were bright and intact without degradation. Then The DNA was diluted to 50 ng/ul by adding appropriate amount of sterile water and stored in the refrigerator at -20\u0026deg;C.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.2. SRAP-PCR Amplification and Electrophoretic Detection of Leaf Vegetable Quinoa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primers were synthesized by Bioengineering (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Table 2), with sequences from the papers published [16].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSRAP-PCR reaction system includes 50 ng/uL DNA 1.0 uL, 2 \u0026times; Taq PCR MasterMix (containing dye) 5.0 uL, 10 umol/L upstream and downstream primers 1.0 uL respectively, adding ddH\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO to 10.0 uL. SRAP-PCR reaction procedure was pre denaturation at 94 for 5 min; 5 cycles: denaturation at 94\u0026deg;C for 45s, annealing at 35\u0026deg;C for 45s, elongation at 72\u0026deg;C for 1 min; 35 cycles: denaturation at 94\u0026deg;C for 45s, annealing at 52\u0026deg;C for 45 s, elongation at 72\u0026deg;C for 1min; Extension at 72\u0026deg;C for 10 min; Store at 4\u0026deg;C. The amplified products were detected by 8%\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with 50 bp DNA Ladder Marker as the molecular weight marker at a constant pressure of 170 V for 2 h. After developing the color by silver staining, the products were photographed and recorded on the gel observation lamp.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2.3. Statistical Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe quality indexes of quinoa sprouts were repeated for 3 times. Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for preliminary sorting of test data, and SPSS 23 software was used for variance analysis and cluster analysis. After SRAP marker electrophoresis of quinoa, the bands which were clearly visible and repeatable were marked as \u0026quot;1\u0026quot;, and the missing or weak band was marked as \u0026quot;0\u0026quot;. The data was inputed into Excel 2010 software to construct the original \u0026quot;1\u0026quot; and \u0026quot;0\u0026quot; matrix. Meanwhile, the number of amplified bands and polymorphic bands of each pair primers were counted, and the ratio of polymorphic bands was also calculated. Primer polymorphism was evaluated using PIC (polymorphism information content) [20]. POPGENE version 1.32 software was used to calculate the number of observed alleles (Na), the number of effective alleles (Ne), Nei\u0026apos;s genetic diversity index (H) and Shannon\u0026apos;s information index (I). The Qualitiative data module was used to calculate the genetic similarity coefficients among the test materials using NTSYS pc version 2.10e software [21]. The SAHN module was used for cluster analysis using the unweighted class average method (UPGMA), and the Tree plot module was used to draw a tree cluster map.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. The primer sequence of SRAP primers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Comparison nutritional quality indexes of different quinoa sprouts\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Data results are expressed as \u0026ldquo;mean \u0026plusmn; standard deviation\u0026rdquo;, different lowercase letters in the same column of data indicate significant differences (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026nbsp;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e3.1. Quality Indexes Comparison of Quinoa Sprouts\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe protein content of different quinoa lines was between 0.87%~5.10%, and the average content was 2.72%, with the coefficient of variation 15.07%. Among them,\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/em\u003e had the highest protein content, and\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJQ-02050\u003c/em\u003e had the lowest protein content. The highest content was 5.86 times of the lowest. There were 7 lines with protein content between 3.0%, and 5.5%, 5 lines between 2.0% and 3.0%, 7 lines between 1.0%, and 2.0%, and 1 line less than 1.0%. The average content of vitamin C was 17.36 mg/100 g, with the coefficient of variation 7.89%. The highest content of vitamin C in \u003cem\u003eJQ-02261\u003c/em\u003e was 44.32 mg/100 g, and the lowest in\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eJQ-02213\u003c/em\u003e was\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;6.21 mg/100 g. The highest content was 7.14 times of the lowest. There were 6 lines with vitamin C content between 20.0 mg/100 g and 45.0 mg/100 g, 10 lines between\u003cbr\u003e 10.0 mg/100 g and 20.0 mg/100 g, and 4 lines less than 10.0 mg/100 g. The average content of soluble sugar is 1.54%, and the coefficient of variation is 18.19%. The highest content of soluble sugar in \u003cem\u003eJQ-02215\u003c/em\u003e is 2.36%, and the lowest content in \u003cem\u003eJQ-01028\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eis 0.61%. The highest content is 3.87 times of the lowest. There were 6 strains with soluble sugar content of 2.0%~2.5%, 7 strains between 1.0%~2.0%, and 7 strains less than 1.0%. The average content of total polyphenols in different quinoa malt lines was 9.89 g/L, and the coefficient of variation was 4.55%. The highest content of total polyphenols in\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eJQ-01028\u003c/em\u003e was 20.75 g/L, and the lowest content in\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJQ-02260\u003c/em\u003e was 4.67 g/L. The highest content was 4.4 times of the lowest. The nitrate nitrogen content ranges from 122.50 mg/1kg to 424.40 mg/kg, and the average content was 277.03 mg/kg, with the coefficient of variation of 1.23%. Among them, \u003cem\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/em\u003e has the highest nitrate nitrogen content and \u003cem\u003eJQ-02050\u003c/em\u003e has the lowest, Table 3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe quality indexes of different leaf vegetable quinoa lines were significantly different. The coefficient of variation of soluble sugar content was the largest, and the coefficient\u0026nbsp;of variation of nitrate nitrogen content was the smallest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2. Cluster Analysis of Quality Characters of Quinoa Sprouts\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the square Euclidean distance of the quality index as the measurement interval, 20 leafy vegetable quinoa lines were divided into six categories at 8 distances, as shown in Figure 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere were 6 lines in the first group, including \u003cem\u003eJQ-01937, JQ-02361, JQ-02285, JQ-00128, JQ-01706, and JQ-02050\u003c/em\u003e. Through comparison, the protein content of these 6 lines were lower than the average, and the vitamin C content of three lines was higher than the average, meanwhile the nitrate nitrogen content and soluble sugar content were lower. The second group had two strains, including \u003cem\u003eJQ-01028\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eJQ-02458\u003c/em\u003e, with high total polyphenol content and low soluble sugar and nitrate nitrogen content. This group could be used as breeding materials for selecting new Quinoa sprouts with high polyphenol, low sugar and low nitrate nitrogen content. The third group had only\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eJQ-02261\u003c/em\u003e, with high vitamin C content, low soluble sugar and low nitrate nitrogen.\u003cbr\u003e The fourth group has four strains, namely \u003cem\u003eJQ-01872,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;JQ-01591, JQ-02250,\u003c/em\u003e and\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eJQ-02206\u003c/em\u003e. There were the common characteristics of high protein content, high soluble sugar content, and low nitrate nitrogen content. This group could be used as breeding materials with high protein, high sugar content, and low nitrate nitrogen content. There were 6 strains in group 5, including\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJQ-02260, JQ-02213, JQ-01593, JQ-02215, JQ-01649\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eand \u003cem\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/em\u003e. The protein content, soluble sugar content and nitrate nitrogen content were high, but the total polyphenol content was low. In the sixth group, there was only \u003cem\u003eJQ-1674\u003c/em\u003e with high protein content, high nitrate nitrogen content and low soluble sugar content.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Polymorphism comparison of SRAP primer combinations\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: \u003cem\u003ePIC\u003c/em\u003e: Polymorphism information contents; \u003cem\u003eNa\u003c/em\u003e: Number of observed alleles; \u003cem\u003eNe\u003c/em\u003e: Number of effective alleles;\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;H\u003c/em\u003e: Nei\u0026apos;s genetic diversity index;\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;I\u003c/em\u003e: Shannon\u0026apos;s information index.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.3. Polymorphism Comparison of SRAP Primer\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 180 allelic loci were detected from 25 polymorphic SRAP primers, with 7.20 loci in average. The highest number of sites detected was 11 by primer Me5-Em3 Me5-Em4, and the lowest number was 3 by primer Me4-Em1. The percentage polymorphic loci ranged from 60.00% to 100.00%, with 93.33% in average. The observed allele number (Na) ranged from 1.6000 to 2.000, with an average of 1.9256. The effective allele number (Ne) ranged from 1.2002 to 1.7819, with an average of 1.4679. The NEI\u0026apos;s genetic diversity index (h) ranged from 0.1590 to 0.4286, and Shannon\u0026rsquo;s information index (I) ranged from 0.2796 to 0.6169, with an average of 0.4372 (Table 4) in details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe polymorphism information content (PIC) of primers ranged from 0.1380 to 0.6853, with an average of 0.3670. Among them, the PIC of primer Me3-Em3 was the highest, and that of primer Me1-Em4 was the lowest. As shown in Figure 2, 5 pairs primers were highly polymorphic locis (PIC \u0026gt; 0.50), accounting for 20%, and 15 pairs of primers were moderately polymorphic locis (0.25 \u0026le; PIC \u0026le; 0.50), accounting for 60%. 5 pair primers were low polymorphic sites (pic \u0026lt; 0.25), accounting for 20%, indicating that the selected primers had abundant polymorphism among the tested varieties, as shown in Figure 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4. Cluster Analysis of SRAP Markers in leaf Vegetable Quinoa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe cluster diagram of genetic relationship for 20 leaf vegetable quinoas was obtained according to UPGMA method, as shown in Figure 3. The correlation coefficient r=0.82287 were obtained from the cophenetic correlation analysis, indicating that the clustering result was correct. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.732, 20 leaf vegetable quinoas could be divided into 6 categories. Group I was the largest, including 9 lines, and group II includes 7 lines. There was only one line in group\u0026rsquo;s III to VI, namely \u003cem\u003eJQ-02206\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eJQ-02361\u003c/em\u003e,\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eJQ-00128\u003c/em\u003e and\u003cbr\u003e \u003cem\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/em\u003e respectively, of which \u003cem\u003eJQ-02361\u003c/em\u003e is light yellow and JQ-00128 is red. At the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.744, group I was further divided into 2 subclasses. The first subclass contained five strains, namely \u003cem\u003eJQ-01028, JQ-02215, JQ-02213, JQ-02250\u003c/em\u003e and JQ-02050. The second subclass contained four strains, namely \u003cem\u003eJQ-01593, JQ-02458, JQ-01706\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eJQ-01937\u003c/em\u003e. Except for\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eJQ-01937\u003c/em\u003e with red, the other three strains were white. Group II\u003cbr\u003e could be divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup had five strains, including \u003cem\u003eJQ-01872, JQ-01649,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;JQ-02260\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eJQ-02261\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eJQ-01674\u003c/em\u003e respectively. The second subgroup contained \u003cem\u003eJQ-02285\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eJQ-01591\u003c/em\u003e respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.5. Fingerprinting Construction\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;of Leaf Vegetable Quinoa\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe 25 pair polymorphic primers were used to amplify 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines. According to the electrophoretic bands of PCR products Figure 4, 3 leaf vegetable quinoa lines had characteristic primers, which could be distinguished from the other quinoa lines. The characteristic primer of \u003cem\u003eJQ-02215\u003c/em\u003e was primer Me1-Em3, \u003cem\u003eJQ-02206\u003c/em\u003e with Me1-Em4 and \u003cem\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/em\u003e with Me2-Em1 respectively. Two primer combinations, ME1-EM1 and Me1-Em2, were used to distinguish 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines. The amplified results were translated into binary\u0026ldquo;0/1\u0026rdquo;code, and the digital fingerprints of each line were obtained. Then the fingerprint library of 20 seedling-type quinoa materials was constructed as shown in Table 5. The basic information and digitized DNA fingerprints of each tested material were inputed into the online two-dimensional code generator to obtain the two-dimensional code molecular ID card of leaf vegetable quinoa strain, as shown in Figure 5.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5. DNA fingerprinting of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines by SRAP markers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Digital fingerprints constructed with primer combinations Me1-Em1 and Me1-Em2; 0 means there is no band at this locus, while 1 means there is a band at this locus.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1. SRAP Markers Analysis in Leaf Vegetable Quinoa Germplasm Resources\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analyzing genetic diversity of crop population, we can understand the genetic structure, variation level and genetic background of the population. It can provide a theoretical basis for parent selection, variety protection and so on. In this study, the genetic diversity of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources were analyzed by SRAP markers for the first time. A total of 180 bands were amplified with 25 pair primers, and the average percentage of polymorphic loci was 93.33%. The result was lower than that in bermudagrass (96.58%) [22]. Higher than that in Chinese Cyclocybe chaxingu strains (79.52%) [23]. In this study, the polymorphic information content (PIC) of the primers ranged from 0.1380 to 0.6853, with an average of 0.3670. Among the 25 pairs of primers, 20 pairs belonged to middle high polymorphic loci, accounting for 80%. This indicated that the primers had rich polymorphism among the tested varieties, and they had good identification ability, and could reveal the genetic diversity among the tested materials.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2. Cluster Analysis of Leaf Vegetable Quinoa Germplasm Resources\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, 20 quinoa lines could be divided into 6 groups when the distance between classes was 8 and the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.732. It is obvious that the materials from Jiaqi Quinoa Company and from other various countries were not clearly differentiated from the two cluster diagrams, and the materials from the same origin were not clustered into a single group. This indicated that the cluster results were not significantly related to the geographical origin of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm. SSR markers were also used to evaluate the genetic diversity of quinoa germplasm resources [12,15], and it was found that quinoa materials from different sources were grouped into one group, and quinoa germplasm with the same geographical distribution was also divided into different groups. It was consistent with the results of our study, and it also shows that the tested quinoa germplasm had rich genetic diversity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparing the clustering results of morphological markers and SRAP molecular markers, the two clustering methods were consistent in the division of the overall trend, and the tested materials could be divided into 6 groups, but there were differences in the division of specific strains and subclasses. The same tested materials obtained different clustering results because of the different detection targets and clustering basis between the two marker methods. The polymorphic loci detected by SRAP markers were not necessarily the gene loci of the specific morphological traits. The traits measured by morphology might have no relationship with SRAP polymorphic loci, or the differences from morphological traits could not be detected by SRAP markers. It might achieve the consistent of two different types of markers only by selecting more markers and designing specific primers to make wider coverage, which could cover all the different morphological trait loci in the form of alleles [24].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.3. Construction of SRAP Fingerprint Library of Leaf Vegetable Quinoa Germplasm Resources\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuinoa has been planted in Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi and other places in China [25,26]. Due to its wide distribution, the name of varieties was confused, and there are phenomena of \"homonymy\" and \"synonymy\".\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe DNA fingerprints were constructed depending on the molecular markers with rich polymorphism, high individual specificity and environmental stability. Similar to human fingerprints, they could identify the differences between biological individuals and played an important role in variety identification and genetic diversity [27,28]. SRAP molecular marker has many characteristics of high polymorphism, good repeatability, and primers universality. At present, there was no relevant report on constructing the fingerprint of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources using SRAP marker technology, but it has been used in Polygonatum Mill [18], Indian garlic [29], grass Stenotaphrum secundatum [30] and Amomum tsao-ko [31].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree pairs of EST-SSR primers and two pairs of SRAP primers were selected to construct the fingerprinting database for Polygonatum Mill which had high quality and polymorphic alleles [18]. SRAP technology was\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eused to construct 36 DNA digital fingerprints of Chrysosplenium and the unique molecular identification band type was obtained for each material [32]. Among the 25 pairs polymorphic primers selected in this study, there is no any pair of primers which could completely distinguish the 20 leaf vegetable quinoa. It was necessary to add more primer pairs one by one according to the order of the primer PIC value from high to low, and until all the tested lines were distinguished. Among them, primer combination 1 (Me1/Em1, Me1/Em2) and primer combination (Me1/Em3, Me2/Em4, Me4/Em4) could distinguish all the tested materials. According to the principle by using few possible primersto distinguishmore possible varieties, primer combination 1 was selected to successfully construct the DNA fingerprints of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines. The fingerprints constructed in this study could be used as the basis for identification of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources, and it will be helpful to solve the problem of synonymous and homonymous in quinoa germplasm resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5. Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe genetic diversity of 20 quinoa leaf vegetable germplasm\u0026nbsp;resources was analyzed by using both morphological markers and SRAP markers. The results showed that the 7 lines with protein content between 3.0% and 5.5%, 5 lines between 2.0% and 3.0%, 7 lines between 1.0% and 2.0%, and 1 line less than 1.0%. The average content of vitamin C was 17.36 mg/100 g, with the coefficient of variation 7.89%. The highest content of vitamin C in JQ-02261 was 44.32 mg/100 g, and the lowest in JQ-02213 was 6.21 mg/100 g. The genetic diversity among the tested materials was rich, and there was no significant correlation between genetic classification and regional factors in each group. Two pairs of core primers were screened to construct a fingerprint library of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources. This study would provide molecular basis for the identification and classification of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources, and it also provides materials for selecting excellent leaf vegetable quinoa varieties in next step.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eVega-G\u0026aacute;lvez, A., Miranda, M., Vergara, J., Uribe, E., Puente, L., Food, E. A. M. J. J. o. t. S. o., Agriculture, Nutrition facts and functional potential of quinoa (\u003cem\u003eChenopodium quinoa\u003c/em\u003e willd.), an ancient Andean grain: a review. J Sci Food Agric.2010 Dec;\u0026nbsp;90 (15):\u0026nbsp;2541-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSm, P., Ml, R., Ravindra, U., Kalpana, B., Murthy, N., Publications, M. J. A., Physicochemical, functional and anti-nutritional factors of the white bold quinoa (\u003cem\u003eChenopodium quinoa\u003c/em\u003e willd). 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Ecol Evol. 2021. 11(15): 9970-9986.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFeng, T., Jia, Q., Meng, X., Chen, X., Liang, Z. J. B., Evaluation of genetic diversity and construction of DNA fingerprinting in Polygonatum Mill. Based on EST-SSR and SRAP molecular markers. Biotech. 2020, 10(7):\u0026nbsp;322.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSaeidnia, F., Majidi, M. M., Mirlohi, A., Marker-trait association analysis for drought tolerance in smooth bromegrass. BMC Plant Biol 21, 116, 2021.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHamideh Keykhosravi., Masood Dehdari., Asad Masoomi Asl., Evaluation of genetic diversity in sugar beet (\u003cem\u003eBeta vulgaris\u003c/em\u003e L.) genotypes using ISSR markers. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 2017. Printing ISSN: 2228-6705, Electronic ISSN: 2228-6500.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYao, J., Mao, X., Li, S., Liu, X., Wu, D. Genetic diversity of germplasm resources of Leuce based on SSR fluorescent marker. 2018 Vol.40 No.6 pp.92-100.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLiu, L. W., Zhao, L. P., Gong, Y. Q., Wang, M. X., Chen, L. M., Yang, J. L., Yan, W., Yu, F. M., Wang, DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of late-bolting radish cultivars with RAPD, ISSR and SRAP markers. Scientia Horticulturae. 2008, 116, (3), 240-247.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFu, L. Z., Zhang, H. Y., Wu, X. Q., Li, H. B., Wei, H. L., Wu, Q. Q., Wang, L. A. J. W. J. o. M., Biotechnology, Evaluation of genetic diversity in Lentinula edodes strains using RAPD, ISSR and SRAP markers. 2010, 26, (4), 709-716.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNybom, H. Comparison of different nuclear DNA markers for estimating intraspecific genetic diversity in plants. Mol Ecol. 2004, 13, (5), 1143-1155.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYang, F. R., Liu, W. Y., Huang, J., Wei, Y. M., Jin. Physiological responses of different quinoa varieties to salt stress and evaluation of salt tolerance. Acta Prataculturae Sinica. 2017. (12): 77-88.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eShah, S. S., Shi, L., Li, Z., Ren, G., Zhou, B., Qin, P. J. A., Yield, Agronomic and Forage Quality Traits of Different Quinoa (\u003cem\u003eChenopodium quinoa\u003c/em\u003e Willd.) Genotypes in Northeast China. Agronomy, 2020, 10(12), 1908.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNybom, H., Weising, K., Rotter. DNA fingerprinting in botany: Past, present, future. Nybom et al. Investigative Genetics. 2014, 5, (1), 1.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWang, Z. H. J. M. P. B., DNA Fingerprinting Technology and its Application in Crop Germplasm Resources. 2006, 4, (3), 425-430.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eApb, A., Rk, A., Vm, A., Waa, B., Ajg, A., Ak, C., Ps, A., At, A., Tpas, D. Genetic diversity of Indian garlic core germplasm using agro-biochemical traits and SRAP markers \u0026ndash; Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Aug;28(8):4833-4844.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLuo, Y., Zhang, X., Xu, J., Zheng, Y., Wang, Z. J. B. G., Phenotypic and molecular marker analysis uncovers the genetic diversity of the grass Stenotaphrum secundatum. BMC Genomic Data. 2020, 21, (1).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMa, M., Wang, T., Lu, B. J. G. R., Evolution, C., Assessment of genetic diversity in Amomum tsao-ko Crevost \u0026amp; Lemarie, an important medicine food homologous crop from Southwest China using SRAP and ISSR markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 2021;68(6):2655-2667.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHuang, W., Lan, D. Q., Qin, R., Liu, H., Li, Establishment of DNA fingerprints for Chrysosplenium using SRAP Markers. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica. 2020, 45, (15), 3659-3665.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1. The basic information of test materials\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLine\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOriginal resource ID\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGrain color\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02250\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02250\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD-12057\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCHEN-338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efaint yellow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01593\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01593\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01937\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01937\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02260\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD-12158\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNSL-86628\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-00128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-00128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01649\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePI-510532\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02361\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndica\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efaint yellow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01674\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01674\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efaint yellow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02285\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmes-13741\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ered\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01591\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01591\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCHEN-199\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 17px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02261\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 35px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCHEN-244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 23px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ewhite\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. The primer sequence of SRAP primers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eForward primer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimer sequence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReverse primer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimer sequence\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGATA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTAAT\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGAGC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTTGC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGAAT\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTGAC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGTGC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTAAC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGAAG\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTGCA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGACA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTCAA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGACG\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTCAC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGACT\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTCAT\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMe9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 31px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGAGTCCAAACCGGTCA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEm9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 33px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGACTGCGTACGAATTCTA\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Comparison nutritional quality indexes of different quinoa sprouts\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNo\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLines names\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContent of\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eprotein\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContent of\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003evitamin C\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(mg/100g)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContent of\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003etotal polyphenol\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(g/L)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContent of\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003esoluble sugar\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContent of\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003enitrate nitrogen\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(mg/kg)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01028\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.58 \u0026plusmn; 0.24 ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.57 \u0026plusmn; 0.58 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.75 \u0026plusmn; 0.55 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.61 \u0026plusmn; 0.07 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142.70 \u0026plusmn; 1.06 k\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02250\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.54 \u0026plusmn; 0.87 cde\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.70 \u0026plusmn; 2.43 hi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.25 \u0026plusmn; 0.26 ij\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87 \u0026plusmn; 0.89 abc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e276.70 \u0026plusmn; 1.60 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02215\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.67 \u0026plusmn; 0.09 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.42 \u0026plusmn; 0.66 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.11 \u0026plusmn; 0.94 ij\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.36 \u0026plusmn; 0.21 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e412.00 \u0026plusmn; 5.18 bc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02050\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.87 \u0026plusmn; 0.19 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.31 \u0026plusmn; 0.85 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.56 \u0026plusmn; 0.55 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94 \u0026plusmn; 0.10 def\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122.50 \u0026plusmn; 2.06 l\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01593\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.77 \u0026plusmn; 0.64 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.37 \u0026plusmn; 1.46 ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.80 \u0026plusmn; 0.32 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87 \u0026plusmn; 0.27 abc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e406.60 \u0026plusmn; 3.32 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01872\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.70 \u0026plusmn; 0.83 cd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.35 \u0026plusmn; 1.05 hi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.67 \u0026plusmn; 0.14 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.20 \u0026plusmn; 0.56 ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e238.80 \u0026plusmn; 2.92 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.10 \u0026plusmn; 0.15 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.60 \u0026plusmn; 0.91 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.54 \u0026plusmn; 0.52 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.46 \u0026plusmn; 0.10 cde\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e424.40 \u0026plusmn; 6.93 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01937\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.73 \u0026plusmn; 0.35 def\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.55 \u0026plusmn; 1.75 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.55 \u0026plusmn; 1.13 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83 \u0026plusmn; 0.06 ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172.30 \u0026plusmn; 1.67 i\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02260\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.18 \u0026plusmn; 1.06 ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.05 \u0026plusmn; 1.39 ghi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.67 \u0026plusmn; 0.61 j\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.08 \u0026plusmn; 0.62 abc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e418.00 \u0026plusmn; 9.78 ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01706\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.88 \u0026plusmn; 0.49 de\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.09 \u0026plusmn; 0.43 ghi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.9 \u0026plusmn; 0.52 c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.50 \u0026plusmn; 0.46 cd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e201.90 \u0026plusmn; 1.00 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-00128\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.58 \u0026plusmn; 0.24ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.15 \u0026plusmn; 0.34 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.76 \u0026plusmn; 0.40 i\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.19 \u0026plusmn; 0.23 def\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116.40 \u0026plusmn; 0.79 l\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01649\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.90 \u0026plusmn; 0.38 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.76 \u0026plusmn; 3.3 de\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40 \u0026plusmn; 0.45 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.30 \u0026plusmn; 0.50 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e421.10 \u0026plusmn; 4.92 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02213\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.93 \u0026plusmn; 1.24 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.21 \u0026plusmn; 3.23 j\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.00 \u0026plusmn; 0.16 ij\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.94 \u0026plusmn; 0.10 abc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e417.30 \u0026plusmn; 10.29 ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02361\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.92 \u0026plusmn; 0.24 de\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.72 \u0026plusmn; 0.43 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.40 \u0026plusmn; 0.76 cd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.84 \u0026plusmn; 0.11 ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208.40 \u0026plusmn; 0.95 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02458\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.15 \u0026plusmn; 0.07 de\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.18 \u0026plusmn; 1.84 i\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.53 \u0026plusmn; 0.44 b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.97 \u0026plusmn; 0.09 def\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e231.50 \u0026plusmn; 1.76 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01674\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.27 \u0026plusmn; 0.57 bc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.38 \u0026plusmn; 0.96 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.95 \u0026plusmn; 0.06 ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.68 \u0026plusmn; 0.10 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e417.50 \u0026plusmn; 7.06 ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02285\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.65 \u0026plusmn; 0.23 ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.83 \u0026plusmn; 2.55 fg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.87 \u0026plusmn; 0.19 ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.65 \u0026plusmn; 0.08 f\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e154.30 \u0026plusmn; 1.33 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-01591\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.68 \u0026plusmn; 0.07 cd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.29 \u0026plusmn; 1.36 gh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.52 \u0026plusmn; 0.47 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.49 \u0026plusmn; 0.27 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e296.00 \u0026plusmn; 2.01 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02206\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.60 \u0026plusmn; 0.22 cde\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.29 \u0026plusmn; 0.701 ef\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.61 \u0026plusmn; 0.03 h\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.40 \u0026plusmn; 0.46 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e285.40 \u0026plusmn; 2.23 e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJQ-02261\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.74 \u0026plusmn; 0.08 def\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.32 \u0026plusmn; 1.15 a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.94 \u0026plusmn; 0.07 d\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.59 \u0026plusmn; 0.25 bcd\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e176.80 \u0026plusmn; 1.55 i\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMean\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e277.03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCV (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Data results are expressed as \u0026ldquo;mean \u0026plusmn; standard deviation\u0026rdquo;, different lowercase letters in the same column of data indicate significant differences (\u003cem\u003eP\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Polymorphism comparison of SRAP primer combinations\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrimer combinations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlleles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolymorphic alleles\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercentage of polymorphic bands (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePIC\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eNa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eNe\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eH\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eI\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe1-Em1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6181\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5268\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe1-Em2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2806\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2507\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3974\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe1-Em3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3470\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4531\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2470\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3578\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe1-Em4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1380\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1590\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2796\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe1-Em5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8750\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4923\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2900\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4405\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe2-Em1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2338\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3774\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2637\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4282\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe2-Em2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5698\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5101\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe2-Em3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3214\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4503\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2714\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe2-Em4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3740\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4696\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2875\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4441\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe2-Em5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe3-Em1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3170\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3649\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe3-Em2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2854\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4222\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2640\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe3-Em3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd 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style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3155\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2855\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4487\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e24\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe5-Em4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.6884\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3777\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5441\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e25\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMe5-Em5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1968\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.3151\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2125\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3532\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e_\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 14px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 24px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3670\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9256\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4679\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2845\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 6px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4372\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: \u003cem\u003ePIC\u003c/em\u003e: Polymorphism information contents; \u003cem\u003eNa\u003c/em\u003e: Number of observed alleles; \u003cem\u003eNe\u003c/em\u003e: Number of effective alleles;\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;H\u003c/em\u003e: Nei\u0026apos;s genetic diversity index;\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;I\u003c/em\u003e: Shannon\u0026apos;s information index.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5. DNA fingerprinting of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines by SRAP markers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\"\u003e\n \u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumber\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLines\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNumbered fingerprints\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10001000101110110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02250\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11000001001111110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02215\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10011111101011110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02050\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00101000001110110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01593\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e01111111111111110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00000000101010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01728\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00001001100000000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01937\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00001001001000110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02260\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11001001000010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00001001000010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-00128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00001011100010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01649\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11001000001011110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10001000101011110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02361\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11000101000010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00001110101110111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01674\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e00001111000010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e17\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02285\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e01001101100010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-01591\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e01001011001011110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e19\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02206\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10001001000010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 18px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 29px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJQ-02261\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 51px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11000011000010110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Digital fingerprints constructed with primer combinations Me1-Em1 and Me1-Em2; 0 means there is no band at this locus, while 1 means there is a band at this locus.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[{"identity":"3c569eed-82d1-4902-8d3c-95483cc5d858","identifier":"10.13039/501100013805","name":"Shanxi Agricultural University","awardNumber":"202303021211087","order_by":0},{"identity":"e8833e8c-9572-4644-8154-17fe6cdfa844","identifier":"10.13039/501100013805","name":"Shanxi Agricultural University","awardNumber":" (No.: SXYBKY201733) ","order_by":1}],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"fingerprint, genetic diversity, leaf vegetable quinoa, soluble sugar content, Vitamin","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6261464/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6261464/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe leaf vegetable quinoa (\u003cem\u003eChenopodium quinoa\u003c/em\u003e Wild.) can be used as vegetables similar to spinach in the same family, providing important vitamins, proteins and minerals for human beings. In this study, in order to evaluate the genetic diversity among the leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources, and then select new leaf vegetable quinoa varieties with high quality and high yield, morphological markers and SRAP markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources and core primer combinations were used to construct their fingerprints. The results showed that 20 quinoa lines could be divided into 6 groups when the distance between classes was 8 and the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.732, but there were differences in the classification of specific quinoa lines and subclasses, indicating that the genotype of morphological markers had little correlation with the loci detected by SRAP markers. Three quinoa lines were checked with specific SRAP primers. Using the primers Me1-Em1 and Me1-Em2, the fingerprints of 20 leaf vegetable quinoa lines were finally constructed. This study would provide a research basis for the selection of leaf vegetable quinoa germplasm resources, and it also provided foundation for the breeding, registration and promotion of new varieties in the next step for leaf vegetable quinoa. There were 7 lines with protein content between 3.0% and 5.5%, 5 lines between 2.0%, and 3.0%, 7 lines between 1.0% and 2.0%, and 1 line less than 1.0%. The average content of vitamin C was 17.36 mg/100 g, with the coefficient of variation 7.89%. The highest content of vitamin C in \u003cem\u003eJQ-02261\u003c/em\u003e was 44.32 mg/100 g, and the lowest in \u003cem\u003eJQ-02213\u003c/em\u003ewas 6.21 mg/100 g.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Emerging Genetic Diversity and Construction Fingerprint of Protein Content of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to Agro-Ecological Sustainability","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-20 09:13:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6261464/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1fd1bd84-b055-4a7b-948f-bb4751a29c45","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 20th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":45954787,"name":"Molecular Genetics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-03-20T09:13:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-20 09:13:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6261464","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6261464","identity":"rs-6261464","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}