Seed priming with two types of glassy microparticles in cowpea subjected to water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000

Seed priming with two types of glassy microparticles in cowpea subjected to water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Seed priming with two types of glassy microparticles in cowpea subjected to water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 Vitória Saskia Ferreira Barroso, Guilherme Félix Dias, Rayanne Silva de Alencar, and 10 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8166932/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The relevance of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) in semi-arid regions drives the search for drought tolerance strategies. Our hypothesis was that seed priming with glassy silicon microparticles (SiMPs), a low-cost recycled glass byproduct, confers comprehensive resilience, acting both as a biostimulant under optimal conditions and as a structural and metabolic protector under drought stress. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a 4x2 factorial design, with four primings: Control (water), P1 (Ψs = -0.4 MPa with PEG 6000), P2 (P1 + Blue SiMPs), and P3 (P1 + Amber SiMPs), applied to 'BRS Tapaihum' cowpea seeds and at two water replacement levels (35% and 75% of ETc), with five replicates. Results: Priming with P1 (PEG 6000) was ineffective at mitigating stress (W35), resulting in lower TDM values and higher oxidative stress (SOD and CAT). In contrast, SiMPs demonstrated bifunctional benefits, as under optimal conditions (W75), P2 acted as a biostimulant, increasing TDM by 18%. Under stress (W35), P3 and P2 conferred protection through membrane stabilization (30% reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) and optimization of WUEi compared to P1), resulting in TDMs up to 25% higher than the control under W35. Conclusions: Priming with SiMPs (blue and amber) is an effective strategy, conferring comprehensive resilience by optimizing WUEi at W75 and structurally protecting membranes at W35, in contrast to the insufficiency of PEG 6000. The use of this recycled glass material constitutes a sustainable and low-cost solution with significant potential to increase productivity and food security in semi-arid regions. Water stress Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp PEG 6000 silicon Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 23 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 23 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Dec, 2025 Editor invited by journal 02 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 28 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8166932","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":556589776,"identity":"c2d9575b-f674-4859-92ea-8d94d4959af6","order_by":0,"name":"Vitória Saskia Ferreira Barroso","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vitória","middleName":"Saskia Ferreira","lastName":"Barroso","suffix":""},{"id":556589777,"identity":"1af87e73-8051-4f25-8319-89a77c30c7f3","order_by":1,"name":"Guilherme Félix Dias","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guilherme","middleName":"Félix","lastName":"Dias","suffix":""},{"id":556589778,"identity":"5bfc12fe-2ce3-4fc9-9199-94f24694696a","order_by":2,"name":"Rayanne Silva de Alencar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rayanne","middleName":"Silva","lastName":"de Alencar","suffix":""},{"id":556589779,"identity":"a0a3c76e-20ca-4d30-bb62-d24a6f3d1573","order_by":3,"name":"Semako Ibrahim Bonou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Campina Grande","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Semako","middleName":"Ibrahim","lastName":"Bonou","suffix":""},{"id":556589780,"identity":"b4234cf8-7f03-43ae-883a-9daa72d172b6","order_by":4,"name":"Priscylla Marques de Oliveira Viana","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Priscylla","middleName":"Marques de Oliveira","lastName":"Viana","suffix":""},{"id":556589781,"identity":"b4f93f65-0530-46c1-a73b-3d56231dff8c","order_by":5,"name":"Igor Enéas Cavalcante","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Paraíba","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Igor","middleName":"Enéas","lastName":"Cavalcante","suffix":""},{"id":556589782,"identity":"df212639-307e-47cd-b408-a6e7364edfe1","order_by":6,"name":"Ana Caroline da Silva Soares","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ana","middleName":"Caroline da Silva","lastName":"Soares","suffix":""},{"id":556589783,"identity":"11ca482b-0f17-47b0-a5e4-463cef893991","order_by":7,"name":"Eulália Margarethe da Costa Melo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eulália","middleName":"Margarethe da Costa","lastName":"Melo","suffix":""},{"id":556589784,"identity":"7b9c771a-adde-42d5-90bc-842abadd6c92","order_by":8,"name":"Ricardo Schneider","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Technology – Paraná","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ricardo","middleName":"","lastName":"Schneider","suffix":""},{"id":556589785,"identity":"261dc176-a1c0-40ad-8890-696b931f7200","order_by":9,"name":"Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Antônio","middleName":"Gustavo de Luna","lastName":"Souto","suffix":""},{"id":556589786,"identity":"8b7094c1-c562-41eb-825f-a07d1354db55","order_by":10,"name":"Evandro Franklin de Mesquita","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Evandro","middleName":"Franklin","lastName":"de Mesquita","suffix":""},{"id":556589787,"identity":"05ea4597-43ae-4e20-8b85-a980b4d86897","order_by":11,"name":"Agda Malany Forte de Oliveira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Agda","middleName":"Malany Forte","lastName":"de Oliveira","suffix":""},{"id":556589788,"identity":"9dbd8062-3db4-4663-9ab7-45db1d77a9e1","order_by":12,"name":"Alberto Soares de Melo","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Paraíba - UEPB","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alberto","middleName":"Soares","lastName":"de Melo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-20 17:23:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8166932/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8166932/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08374-4","type":"published","date":"2026-02-23T15:57:35+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97714859,"identity":"37a0b15b-6802-470a-9a25-52528a62c460","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 14:29:29","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":284930,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscritomicroparticulesBMCrevisado.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/ff285cd8322adf8e5d48e384.docx"},{"id":97895809,"identity":"fb9fef71-cf29-47ab-8fb1-983bba3c0746","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-10 15:35:01","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13764,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"01409a6e1dfa4f6389028ce11e047924.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/c77bb2c6dcbc924768dcc77c.json"},{"id":97714861,"identity":"f439f88e-b2cf-4022-98b0-70b44e5674b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 14:29:29","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":168657,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"01409a6e1dfa4f6389028ce11e0479241enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/5cbed32f9a787f5a00b29c6e.xml"},{"id":97894048,"identity":"95135acd-70a4-4372-b4cf-391929d694a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-10 15:31:52","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":39418,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/216d4ff4408cd06c424c5225.png"},{"id":97714854,"identity":"6591c33e-edaa-4119-87da-ee18a0a99576","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 14:29:29","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":42958,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/18d8130e6c60e102cd5333bb.png"},{"id":97714857,"identity":"2e187a20-b1c9-4dfe-a97a-4a93e3a18ed3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 14:29:29","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":55078,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/0b0513fce5048a4164cb0339.png"},{"id":97893847,"identity":"ff22e18f-de4b-4841-b8c6-4f1a936bdbd9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-10 15:31:21","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":52705,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/4197adbfb99ca2e1a5b1fcf9.png"},{"id":97895203,"identity":"000632a4-4d9b-42bf-8c86-219b4e7454f4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-10 15:33:48","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":97292,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/953aa5d955bf8bd48b15b1a6.png"},{"id":97894633,"identity":"f5c0493c-0083-406e-be8d-b07361bae015","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-10 15:32:49","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":17106,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/c89143088979e900841aaedd.png"},{"id":97714863,"identity":"90972d6d-ea14-4664-ba2d-e97142a2d9c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 14:29:29","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15489,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/938a4f490830ac43ce92a3b4.png"},{"id":97714865,"identity":"daa40aae-83d3-47d9-a24d-f9db4bb77f65","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 14:29:29","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":24665,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/bb0f5573ae422eb54b741d55.png"},{"id":97896100,"identity":"0b3756b3-6f4a-4c10-9250-0254a882b809","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-10 15:35:53","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":22879,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/059cf7f92c42dbade80d26d8.png"},{"id":97714860,"identity":"ebfad342-9cc4-40a9-b8b0-17bbe9269336","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 14:29:29","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":35617,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/52685653c1281c189fc18359.png"},{"id":97714866,"identity":"7b7fb0c3-4309-42fc-84c8-707ba327332d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 14:29:29","extension":"xml","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":165284,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"01409a6e1dfa4f6389028ce11e0479241structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/5d306dcfe420cc7649be3988.xml"},{"id":97895659,"identity":"f64fec04-4bc3-4774-b221-fa5e1276f60a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-10 15:34:37","extension":"html","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":174072,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1/d7d6a5168cd93bb9ff8b1465.html"},{"id":103765772,"identity":"f5f95b71-89c6-4ea1-a525-1080db3cfbfd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-02 16:08:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1001707,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscritomicroparticulesBMCrevisado.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8166932/v1_covered_14a32cdb-f64b-4021-b279-23491d4ed166.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Seed priming with two types of glassy microparticles in cowpea subjected to water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Water stress, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, PEG 6000, silicon","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8166932/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8166932/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe relevance of cowpea (\u003cem\u003eVigna unguiculata\u003c/em\u003e(L.) Walp.) in semi-arid regions drives the search for drought tolerance strategies. Our hypothesis was that seed priming with glassy silicon microparticles (SiMPs), a low-cost recycled glass byproduct, confers comprehensive resilience, acting both as a biostimulant under optimal conditions and as a structural and metabolic protector under drought stress.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMethods: The experiment was conducted in a 4x2 factorial design, with four primings: Control (water), P1 (Ψs = -0.4 MPa with PEG 6000), P2 (P1 + Blue SiMPs), and P3 (P1 + Amber SiMPs), applied to 'BRS Tapaihum' cowpea seeds and at two water replacement levels (35% and 75% of ETc), with five replicates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: Priming with P1 (PEG 6000) was ineffective at mitigating stress (W35), resulting in lower TDM values and higher oxidative stress (SOD and CAT). In contrast, SiMPs demonstrated bifunctional benefits, as under optimal conditions (W75), P2 acted as a biostimulant, increasing TDM by 18%. Under stress (W35), P3 and P2 conferred protection through membrane stabilization (30% reduction in electrolyte leakage (EL) and optimization of WUEi compared to P1), resulting in TDMs up to 25% higher than the control under W35.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusions: Priming with SiMPs (blue and amber) is an effective strategy, conferring comprehensive resilience by optimizing WUEi at W75 and structurally protecting membranes at W35, in contrast to the insufficiency of PEG 6000. The use of this recycled glass material constitutes a sustainable and low-cost solution with significant potential to increase productivity and food security in semi-arid regions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Seed priming with two types of glassy microparticles in cowpea subjected to water deficit induced by polyethylene glycol 6000","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-08 14:29:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8166932/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-12-23T13:51:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-17T14:43:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-07T22:29:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"261906613553344951320908826543512606827","date":"2025-12-06T21:49:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"49248262543664877794529540848791195342","date":"2025-12-05T10:50:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-05T08:03:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-03T12:56:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-02T12:42:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-28T14:07:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Plant Biology","date":"2025-11-28T13:59:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cb6bbddb-4eaf-467e-82f1-12c81b383651","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 8th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-02T16:05:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-8166932","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08374-4","journal":{"identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Plant Biology"},"publishedOn":"2026-02-23 15:57:35","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 23rd, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-08 14:29:24","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12870-026-08374-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-026-08374-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8166932","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8166932","identity":"rs-8166932","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}