Analysis of Supply-Demand Relations for Ecosystem Services

Abstract Ecosystem services play a crucial role in promoting sustainable development by contributing to human well-being. Achieving sustainable development necessitates a balance between the supply and demand for ecosystem services. We performed a factor analysis using ecosystem service measurement results to assess ecosystem service supply and national statistical data representing socioeconomic factors for ecosystem service demand. The analysis results for Gyeonggi-do are as follows: ecosystem service supply was categorized into mixed service provision (factor 1), food supply (factor 2), and phosphorus retention service (factor 3). Ecosystem service demand, based on socioeconomic factors, was divided into shrinking cities (factor 1), densely populated areas (factor 2), and economically active areas (factor 3). Balanced local governments were identified in Goyang, Osan, Paju, Pyeongtaek, Pocheon, Yeoju, Siheung, and Guri, while unbalanced local governments were found in Suwon, Hwaseong, Yongin, Gwangju, Yeoncheon, Yangpyeong, and Namyangju. Furthermore, we propose a management plan to maintain balance between the demand and supply of ecosystem services. Our analysis method and results are applicable to various local governments, providing an invaluable resource for maintaining the balance between ecosystem service supply and demand.