Maternal stress and depressive symptoms and adolescents’ body mass index: A prospective study.

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Maaike Koning, Jacqueline Vink, Tommy L.S. Visscher, Junilla Larsen This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-30158/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Apr, 2021 Read the published version in BMC Public Health → Version 2 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background Growing evidence suggests that maternal mental health issues are associated with (young) children’s weight outcomes. However, most studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs and have been aimed at (younger) children. The current prospective study focuses on the link between maternal mental health (i.e., psychological stress and depressive symptoms) and adolescents’ zBMI development. Methods The participants in the present study were part of wave 1 and 2 of a longitudinal study on Dutch adolescents’ and their parents’ health behavior. Adolescents (aged 10-14) and their parents were recruited through six secondary schools in the South and the East of the Netherlands. For this study, we only included biological mothers and their adolescent children who participated in both waves, with data on the main measures on both waves, leaving a final sample of 336 biological mother child dyads. Adolescents height and weight were measured, and both parents and adolescents filled in validated questionnaires on perceived stress and depressive symptoms and answered additional questions concerning domain-specific stress. Regression analyses were performed in R to examine longitudinal links between maternal stress and depressive symptoms at baseline (T1) and adolescents’ BMI standard deviation scores (zBMI) 6 months later (T2), corrected for baseline zBMI and covariates. Results Maternal general perceived stress (b=.20, p =.002) at T1 preceded higher adolescents’ zBMI at T2, after controlling for baseline zBMI and other covariates, whereas maternal depressive symptoms at T1 (b=-.05, p =.44) and other domain-specific stress did not (maternal financial stress, maternal stress at work, maternal stress at home). Additionally, lower educational level among adolescents (b = .16, p = .001) and adolescent depressive symptoms (b = .16, p = .001) was associated with a higher zBMI at T2. Conclusions Results suggest that maternal general stress, but not depressive symptoms, may influence adolescents’ weight development. Our findings warrant future investigation on whether and how general stress among mothers may predict weight increases of their adolescent offspring. Health Economics & Outcomes Research Infectious Diseases Health Policy longitudinal study adolescence overweight maternal stress maternal depression BMI Background Adolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of overweight, a pressing public health issue [1-8]. While overweight and obesity have multifactorial causes, parents have a substantial influence on the development of children’s and adolescents’ eating behaviors [9, 10], food consumption [11-13], and weight gain trajectories [14, 15]. The role of mothers is especially important because in most households nowadays, mothers are still the most important caregivers [16], and manage most of the day‐to‐day child‐care tasks [17]. They are considered to be the primary gatekeeper of the home food environment [18]. To date, growing evidence suggests that maternal mental health issues (i.e., psychological stress and depressive symptoms) are associated with increased risk rates of weight gain, obesity and related weight-related behaviors (i.e., eating, physical activity and sleep patterns) in children and adolescents [19-29]. However, most studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs and have been aimed at (younger) children. The current prospective study focuses on the link between maternal mental health and adolescents’ weight development. It has been hypothesized that maternal stress and depressive symptoms may influence their child’s weight related behaviors through three primary pathways [30]. First, maternal stress may alter mothers’ own physical activity, sedentary behavior and dietary intake, which may impact children’s and adolescents’ behaviors through modelling and household exposure (e.g., less healthy family meals) [31]. Additionally it is known that depressed mothers have difficulty providing healthful food choices [32-34], and modeling physical activity behaviors relative to non-depressed mothers [35]. There is evidence that changes in maternal feeding styles and patterns due to stress and depression can have a significant impact on children’s food composition and energy intake by for example preparing convenient but unhealthy meals to help manage time [16, 36]. Second, maternal stress and depression may affect parenting behaviors or mother child interactions. Mothers experiencing high levels of stress may spend less time with their children [37] and may be less responsive in their interaction with their children [38]. Maternal depressive symptoms, such as negative affect and inactivity, can influence child weight related behaviors by directly affecting parenting behaviors, reducing maternal sensitivity to and nurturance of the child’s needs [28, 39] and by facilitating less positive parent-child interactions and less family cohesion [40-42]. Third, maternal stress and depression can directly influence children’s behavior through alterations in the stress response of the child itself [31], responding to maternal stress with an increased biological or psychological stress response . These pathways explaining the link between maternal mental health and child weight development may particularly be important during adolescence. That is, parents continue to play a decisive role in this age period, for instance through weight-related parenting and specific rules that are associated with greater adolescent nutrition knowledge [43]. This nutrition knowledge may, in turn, prevent unhealthy choices during adolescence when children become more autonomous [43] and are increasingly exposed to more diverse (unhealthier) food environments. Thus, what parents do, both in terms of their own behaviors as well as their food parenting, may prepare adolescents to deal with these more diverse unhealthy food environments, preventing excessive food intake and subsequent weight gain. Moreover, the third pathway explaining the link between maternal mental health and child weight development through child mental health issues may also be particularly important during adolescence, when depression and stress symptoms are more prevalent compared to childhood [44]. Although stress may represent one generalizable phenomenon, there are many sub-classifications of stress, including general perceived stress and perceived stress limited to a specific domain (e.g., financial, health, work-related or social) [25]. It is possible that a mother’s experience of each of these different types of stress may differentially relate to their children’s weight-related behaviors and weight development. To date, previous studies have found that maternal general stress was consistently associated with greater risk for childhood overweight and obesity [19], while the association between depressive symptoms and child overweight was found to be more inconsistent [45], varying by gender and age [46] and measure of depression [45]. Importantly, the majority of studies so far have focused on maternal stress or maternal depression or depressive symptoms exclusively, while longitudinal assessment of both maternal stress and depressive symptoms in relation to childhood and adolescents’ BMI are rare. The main aim of the current prospective study is to examine the link between diverse forms of stress and depressive symptoms with adolescents’ weight outcomes. Methods Participants The participants in the present study were part of wave 1 and wave 2 of the “G(F)OOD together” research project, a longitudinal study on Dutch adolescents’ and their parents’ health behaviour. Data for the first three waves were collected in fall 2017, spring 2018, spring 2019 respectively. Parents of 1,657 adolescents were invited to participate, and mothers or fathers provided consent for themselves and their adolescents to participate in the study. Parental consent was provided for 718 children. Moreover, 777 parents also provided consent for themselves. In the first wave 667 adolescents from six secondary schools in the South and the East of the Netherlands participated and in the second wave 688 adolescents participated (95.8% participated in both waves). Because some adolescents were absent at wave 1 due to illness or other appointments, more adolescents actually participated in wave 2. Moreover, 593 mothers and fathers took part in Wave 1 and 586 parents took part in wave 2 (N =480; 80,9% in both waves). Details of the study procedures can be found elsewhere [47]. For this study, we only included mothers, as they are still the most important caregivers in the family, and are more prone to stress and depression [16, 48, 49] than fathers. In total, 442 mothers took part in Wave 1, 438 in wave 2 (as an extra school was recruited at Wave 2), and 358 (81%) in both waves. Of the N = 358 with complete maternal data on both waves, we excluded data from non-biological mothers for this study (n =3) and data from mothers of whom there was no anthropometric and questionnaire data available of their adolescent child (n=22), leaving a final sample of 336 biological mother child dyads who participated in both waves. Most mothers (97.0%) were born in the Netherlands. Mean age of mothers at the first wave was 44.6 years (SD age = 4.2; age range = 29.8 to 55.5). Most mothers finished higher professional education (39.9%) or secondary vocational education (39.4%) and performed a payed job of less than 32 hours per week (52.5%) or 32 hours per week or more (19.4%). Adolescent boys (n=161) and girls (n=175) were approximately equally represented. Most adolescents were born in the Netherlands (%). All participants attended regular secondary education (M age = 12.9 years; SD age = 0.6; age range = 11.3 to 14.8). In the Netherlands, children in secondary schools follow education based on their academic level and interests. Dutch secondary schools are divided into three streams which represent different educational paths: one to prepare students for vocational training, another to prepare students for university, and a middle stream to prepare students to study at universities of applied sciences (higher vocational education). More than half of the participants (57.6%) were in pre-university education, 8.2% of the participants was in higher general secondary education, and 34.2% of the participants was in pre-vocational education. Procedures Adolescents and their parents were recruited through secondary schools. We randomly invited 40 secondary schools in the South and the East of the Netherlands to participate in the study. Six secondary schools agreed to participate in wave 1, and all adolescents attending the first and second grade and their parents were invited to participate in this study by means of an active parental consent procedure. A letter describing the four-wave study was mailed to the parents and they were asked to return a (paper or online) consent form indicating whether they agreed to their child participating in the study and if they agreed to participate in the study themselves. Children were rewarded with a small incentive, if at least one of their parents’ forms was returned, regardless of whether permission was given. Before participation, adolescents and parents were informed that participation was voluntary, that answers would be processed anonymously, and that they could withdraw from the study at any moment. Inclusion criteria for participants were being enrolled in a high school, being in the first and second grade of this high school, being proficient in the Dutch language and parents and children both having given active informed consent. Exclusion criteria for participants were not being proficient in the Dutch language, attending special education and not having given active (parental) consent. Adolescents completed an online survey at school during one classroom hour (approximately 45 minutes), and height and weight were measured outside the classroom by trained research assistants. Parents completed an online survey, which took approximately 20 minutes to complete. The questionnaires were administered through Qualtrics Survey Software (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) and were in Dutch language. Children received a small present after completing the survey, and several prizes were raffled among participating parents. The Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands approved the study protocol (reference number ECSW20170805-516) in 2017. Measures Depressive symptoms Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the 10-item short version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Although the (shortened) CESD is used as a self-reported measure of depressive symptoms, it is a reliable and valid instrument to screen for the presence or absence of a depressive disorder [50]. The CES-D is widely used and has adequate internal reliability [50]. Respondents rated items on a 4-point Likert scale (rarely or none, to most or all the time). The scale includes positive (I was happy) and negative (I could not get going) items. Higher total CES-D scores reflect greater maternal depressive symptomology. In the current study, Cronbach’s alpha for the CES-D was .77 at T1 and .80 at T2. General perceived stress Maternal general stress levels were assessed using the 4 item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PSS is a self-report questionnaire measuring a person’s evaluation of stressful situations in the previous 1 month of his or her life. It is a global measure of stress that is simple to use, and there are many studies confirming its reliability and validity in a variety of settings and in multiple languages [51-56]. Although it is used as a self-reported measure of general stress, it is a reliable and valid instrument to screen for general perceived stress [51, 53, 54, 56]. The instrument contains 4 statements which measure how unpredictable and uncontrollable respondents feel their lives are, for example: In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? Respondents rate how often they experience stressful situations on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from ‘never’ to ‘very often’. Answers of the 4 items were summed into a total PSS score. The higher the score on the PSS, the greater the respondent perceives that their demands exceed their ability to cope. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated to investigate the internal reliability of the Perceived Stress Scale and was .70 at T1 and .69 at T2. Financial stress, stress at work and at home Three types of domain specific stress were measured through three items: financial stress (How often did you experience financial stress in the past year?), stress at work (How often have you felt stress at work in the past year?), and stress at home (How often did you experience stress at home in the past year?). These questions have been used in previous studies to measure different types of stress and are worded in the same manner [57, 58]. Respondents rated how often they experienced stress in the different contexts on a 4-point Likert scale (never, sometimes, regularly, all of the time). Anthropometrics Adolescents’ height and weight were measured according to protocol [59] by trained research assistants. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Individual age and gender-specific BMI standard deviation scores (z-scores) were calculated using a Dutch representative sample of 0-21-year olds [60, 61]. Mothers reported their own height and weight based on which we calculated maternal BMI. Covariates We controlled for parent’s and adolescents’ educational level in our regression analyses, as a higher BMI seems to be more frequent in lower educated youth and in youth with lower educated parents [62-64]. We also controlled for additional covariates showing a potential link with adolescent zBMI [65-70]. As such, the following covariates were added: adolescents’ gender, maternal BMI, maternal single household status, adolescent stress and depressive symptoms, as also the quality of the parent-child relationship rated by parents. Statistical analyses Statistical analyses were conducted using the PASW 20.0 and R software package. Descriptive statistics were used (mean, standard deviations and percentages) to describe the study sample and to investigate population characteristics (see table 1). First, cross-sectional associations between mothers’ wellbeing and adolescent zBMI and the covariates were examined by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficients using SPSS. Second, to test whether maternal stress or depressive symptoms may precede child zBMI over time, multiple linear regression analyses were performed using the R software package (R Core Team, 2018) with depressive symptoms (CES-D score), general stress (PSS score), financial stress, stress at home or stress at work at T1 as the independent variables, and adolescents’ zBMI at T2 as the dependent variable). We examined two models: a multiple linear regression model, adjusted for adolescents’ zBMI at baseline and potentially relevant covariates (i.e., educational level of the mother and of the adolescent, gender, maternal BMI, maternal marital status (single household status), the quality of parent/child relationship as rated by parents, child stress, and child depressive symptoms and an unadjusted model without covariates. We checked normality and distribution assumptions of zBMI before performing our regression analysis with a scatter plot, QQ plot and the Shapiro Wilk test. The plots showed no extreme outliers and a linear association. The Shapiro Wilk test showed a normal distribution (W = .99, p = .53). A logistic regression analysis comparing those adolescents who participated in the current study (score = 1) with those who could not participate because of lacking maternal data (score = 0) showed no differences in gender, educational level, age and mean zBMI between both groups, we therefore expect no bias. The overall proportion of drop-out from T1 to T2 is relatively low, of the adolescents 95.8% participated in both waves and 80.9% of parents participated in both waves. The proportion of missing data in our study sample is also low (22/358 = 6%). To account for missing values we used the ‘na.exclude’ function in R which does not use the missing values, but maintains their position for the residuals and fitted values. For the proposed multiple linear regressions, we conducted a power analysis using G*Power 3.1 [10]. With a small effect size (f2) of .15, an alpha of .05, a standard power level of .80, and a total of 14 predictors , the results of the power analysis showed that a minimum of 135 participants would be needed to achieve an appropriate power level for this study. Results Cross-sectional associations and descriptives The total sample consisted of 336 adolescent-parent dyads. Mean zBMI of the adolescents was .10 (SD 1.06) at T1 and .18 (SD 1.07) at T2. The average change in zBMI from T1 to T2 (6 months interval) was .08 (SD .99), as can be seen in table 1. Table 1: Sociodemographic characteristics Total study sample (N=336) Age of the child (years) at T1; mean (SD) Range 12.9 (.6) 11.3-14.8 Gender (% male) 47.9 Age of the mother (years); mean (SD) Range 44.6 (4.2) 29.8-55.5 Educational level mother (%) Primary school 2.7 Secondary vocational education 43.4 Higher professional education/university 53.9 Educational level child (%) pre-vocational education. 34.2 higher general secondary education 8.2 pre-university education 57.6 Adolescent zBMI at T1; mean (SD) Range .10 (1.1) -2.9 – 2.9 Adolescent zBMI at T2; mean (SD) Range .18 (1.1) -2.8 – 2.9 zBMI categories at T1 (%) < -2 1.9 -2 to 2 93.7 2+ 4.4 zBMI categories at T2 (%) < -2 2.4 -2 to 2 91.7 2+ 5.8 Maternal BMI score; mean (SD) Range 24.6 (4.2) 16.6-43.0 Maternal CESD score; mean (SD) Range 16.6 (3.1) 10-30 Maternal PESS Score; mean (SD) Range 7.9 (2.2) 4-18 Maternal financial stress; mean (SD) Range 1.5 (.7) 1 - 4 Maternal stress at home; mean (SD) Range 2.0 (.6) 1 - 4 Maternal stress at work; mean (SD) Range 2.1 (.7) 1 - 4 Marital status (single household status) (%) 10.1 The quality of parent/child relationship as rated by parents; mean (SD) Range 89.2 (11.6) 17-100 Child stress; mean (SD) Range 1.9 (.6) 1-4 Child depressive symptoms Range 14.7 (3.9) 10-33 Pearson’s correlation coefficients between maternal wellbeing, covariates and adolescent zBMI are presented in Table 2. Significant correlations were found between maternal depressive symptoms and most of the stress measures, with exception of the ‘stress at work’ measure. Mostly non-significant correlations were found between maternal wellbeing (i.e., stress or depressive symptoms) and adolescents’ zBMI. Of the covariates, maternal BMI was positively correlated with maternal general stress (r=.14, p=.03), with maternal depressive symptoms (r=.12, p=.01) and with financial stress (r=.18, p=.001) . Educational level of the adolescent was negatively correlated with maternal depressive symptoms (r=-.17, p=.003) and with maternal general stress (r=-.15, p=.009). Single household status was correlated with financial stress (r=.22, p=.000). Quality of parent child relationship was negatively correlated with maternal general stress (r=-.19, p=.001) and stress at home (r=-.22, p=.000). Table 2. Correlational associations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 12 13 14 15 Adolescent variables 1. Adolescent zBMI T1 1 2. Adolescent zBMI T2 .57 ** 1 Maternal wellbeing variables 3. Maternal depressive symptoms .01 .02 1 4. Maternal general stress .003 .08 .55 ** 1 5. Maternal stress at work .000 .000 .10 .17 ** 1 6. Maternal financial stress .09 .03 .19 ** .20 ** .01 1 7. Maternal stress at home .04 -.01 .27 ** .34 ** .14 * .20 ** 1 Covariates 8. Gender adolescent -.001 .04 .01 .003 .02 .03 .06 1 9. Depressive symptoms adolescent .07 .08 .06 .01 .03 .10 .10 .15 ** 1 10. Adolescent stress .03 -.01 .05 .08 .03 .02 .08 .10 .50 ** 1 11. Eucational level adolescent -.15 ** .03 -.17 ** -.15 ** .01 -.09 .01 .05 -.09 -.02 1 12. Educational level parent -.10 -.09 -.09 -.07 .18 ** -.08 .07 .06 .06 .06 .34 ** 1 13. Maternal BMI T1 .30 ** .20 ** .14 * .12 * -.01 .18 ** -.04 .01 .04 .02 -.22 ** -.17 ** 1 14. Relationship status parent .02 -.04 -.02 .02 .03 .22 ** .10 .05 .14 * .06 -.08 -.02 -.03 1 15. Quality of parent/child relationship -.02 -.05 -.07 -.19 ** -.08 .02 -.22 ** .10 -.05 -.03 -.003 -.10 -.004 -.08 1 ** significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Longitudinal Associations between Maternal Mental Wellbeing and Adolescents’ zBMI Maternal general stress (b = .20, p = .002) was associated with adolescent’s’ zBMI at T2 after correction for baseline zBMI, gender, educational level of the child, educational level of mothers, maternal marital status (single household status), the quality of parent/child relationship as rated by parents, child stress, and child depressive symptoms and maternal BMI as can be seen in table 2. This effect was still significant in a reduced model without covariates (b = .14, p = .01), indicating that maternal general stress is associated with higher zBMI 6 months later. Notably, for the other maternal well-being variables (i.e., maternal financial stress, maternal stress at home, maternal stress at work, maternal depressive symptoms) no significant longitudinal associations were found with adolescents’ zBMI, neither in a reduced model nor after controlling for covariates. Additionally, lower educational level among adolescents (b = .16, p = .001) and adolescent depressive symptoms (b = .16, p = .001) were associated with a higher zBMI at T2. The final model (including all covariates) of maternal general stress explained 31% of the variance of adolescent zBMI. Table 3. Linear regressions of maternal stress/depressive symptoms at T1 on adolescent zBMI at T2 Unadjusted analyses Adjusted analyses a B SE B β P value B SE B β P value Maternal general stress .08 .03 .14 .01* .10 .03 .20 .002** Maternal depressive symptoms -.01 .02 -.03 .49 -.02 .02 -.05 .44 Maternal financial stress -.05 .08 -.03 .50 -.07 .08 -.04 .41 Maternal stress at home -.07 .09 -.04 .43 -.09 .09 -.06 .30 Maternal stress at work -.00 .08 -.00 .97 .004 .08 .003 .95 Adj R 2 0.31 0.31 ** significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). a Covariates: Adolescents’ zBMI at baseline, educational level, gender; maternal BMI, educational level of mothers, maternal marital status (single household status), the quality of parent/child relationship as rated by parents, child stress, and child depressive symptoms Discussion Longitudinal studies that test whether maternal stress or depressive symptoms may precede the development of adolescents’ weight outcomes are rare, and this study aimed to fill this gap. We found that maternal general perceived stress at T1 preceded higher adolescents’ zBMI at T2, after controlling for baseline zBMI and other covariates, whereas maternal depressive symptoms at T1 and other domain-specific stress did not (maternal financial stress, maternal stress at work, maternal stress at home). Additionally, lower educational level among adolescents and adolescent depressive symptoms were associated with a higher zBMI at T2. In the past decade, several studies have established the link between maternal well-being and childrens’ zBMI [19-22, 24]. However, these studies mostly focused on (early) childhood. During adolescence, particularly early adolescence, parents still play an important role in their children’s lives. Maternal stress and depressive symptoms have been linked to barriers to a healthy lifestyle and may reduce pro-active obesity-related parenting practices [20, 71-73] such as less healthy meal preparation and less transportation to and less participation in organized sports by their children, and by for example, negatively influencing mother-child interaction and increasing the risk at modelling possibilities of unhealthy maternal behaviors [16, 27, 30, 31, 36-42, 73, 74]. The present study’s aim was to investigate the longitudinal link of both maternal stress and depressive symptoms with adolescents’ weight development. We found a small link between maternal general stress and adolescent zBMI over time. We did not find significant associations for maternal depressive symptoms or for domain specific stressors (maternal financial stress, stress at home and stress at work). Maternal general perceived stress may reflect a broader personality construct on how mothers more generally react to stressful situations, whereas stress from the home and work environment probably is more contextual in nature [25]. This may explain why maternal general stress is associated with development of zBMI in adolescents, having more general impact than specific contextual stress factors. Additionally, adolescents with mothers who experience a lot of general stress may be exposed to less healthy family and peer environments, providing increased opportunities to engage in unhealthy behaviors and may lead to unhealthy weight development. In contrast, no associations were found between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent BMI over time. Notably, previous research has already shown some mixed findings particularly with regard to the link between maternal depressive symptoms and children’s weight outcomes [45, 46]. A review reports that chronic depression (depression measured on multiple occasions), but not episodic (depression at a single measurement occasion) depression was found to be associated with a greater risk for child overweight [45]. In our study we measured depressive symptoms at one time point, which may explain why we did not find any associations. However, it should be noted that other studies focusing on episodic symptoms did sometimes find a link with children’s weight outcomes [75, 76], though these studies were most often conducted among younger children. The link between maternal stress and children’s weight outcomes have been repeatedly found among families with younger children [19]. To the best of our knowledge, only one previous longitudinal study found this link among adolescents [24]. Our study adds to these previous studies that diverse stress factors have been examined and that only for one specific stress factor longitudinal links have been found (i.e., general stress) in an adolescent population. Thus, it might be that, particularly for adolescents, maternal general stress has more impact on (healthy) family life and adolescents’ weight development than maternal stress in other domains and also more impact than maternal depressive symptoms. Future studies including both age groups (i.e., younger children and adolescents) may further examine this. Socioeconomic factors are also known to be of specific interest in weight development of children and adolescents. We found that a lower educational level among adolescents was consistently associated with a higher zBMI at T2 in all our models. In the Netherlands, children in secondary schools follow education based on their academic level and our study thus suggests that increases in zBMI are most unfavorable in adolescents with a lower educational level. Previous studies have reported about the educational gap with regard to weight outcomes [77]. It seems that the period of adolescence is a particularly important period because of the autonomy involved in making more independent choices about weight related behaviors. Adolescents with lower educational levels may make more unhealthy choices in their weight related behaviors than highly educated adolescents, and may have less (financial) opportunities for healthy weight related behaviors. The current study had several strengths and limitations. One particular strength is that height and weight of the adolescents were objectively measured. Moreover, the high participation rates and the prospective repeated measurements add to the strengths of this study. A final strength includes the fact that parents reported on their own mental health. Despite these strengths, also some limitations should be acknowledged. First, maternal mental health was analyzed at one time point only, to assess stability in maternal mental state more time points should be taken into account. Second, the time period between the first two waves was relatively short and may not be representative of longer term weight change developments. Third, the sample consisted of a high percentage of highly educated respondents (57.6%) as well as a high proportion of respondents having a healthy zBMI, possibly influencing the generalizability of the results. Finally, contextual stress factors (i.e., financial, home or work-related stress) were only measured with one item. Conclusions To conclude, our findings suggest that adolescents whose mothers experienced more general stress may be at greater risk for increases in zBMI. In contrast, maternal depressive symptoms do not predict any changes in weight development among adolescents. Interventions to reduce stress and to increase resources for mothers to cope with stress might help reduce overweight and obesity in their adolescent children. Clinicians may consider behavioural interventions, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction, to diminish the effects of stress in mothers on their childrens weight-related behaviors as an additional strategy to address adolescent obesity prevention and intervention. Our findings warrant future longitudinal investigation with longer follow-ups on whether and how general stress among mothers might predict weight increases of their adolescent offspring. Abbreviations BMI: Body Mass Index CES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale PSS: Perceived Stress Scale Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate: All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands and with the WMA declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol (reference number ECSW20170805-516) was approved in 2017. Informed consent was obtained from all parents and of individual participants who were included in the study. Consent to publish: Not applicable. Availability of data and materials: The datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to agreements we have made concerning the exchange and use of our data, but are available from the corresponding author [MK] on reasonable request. These data are primary data acquired by (one of) the authors. Competing interests : The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding: We received no specific grant from any funding agency in public, commercial or non-profit sectors. This study was funded by the Behavioural Science Institute of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The study received no external funding. The analysis and interpretation of the data and the writing of this manuscript were funded by Windesheim University of Applied Sciences and the Behavioural Science Institute of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Author’s contributions: JV and JL were responsible for the study design. JV and JL supervised the data collection. MK was responsible for the statistical analyses and interpretation of the data in agreement with JV, JL, and TV. MK wrote the first version of the manuscript and all authors participated in the revisions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgments: We would like to thank all the participating schools and families for their contribution to this research project. Moreover, we would like to thank all the student assistants for their help during the data collection of this project. Declaration of interest statement: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. References Lytle LA, Seifert S, Greenstein J, McGovern P: How do children's eating patterns and food choices change over time? Results from a cohort study . American Journal of Health Promotion 2000, 14 (4):222-228. Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM: Changes in beverage intake between 1977 and 2001 . Am J Prev Med 2004, 27 (3):205-210. Martens MK, van Assema P, Brug J: Why do adolescents eat what they eat? Personal and social environmental predictors of fruit, snack and breakfast consumption among 12-14-year-old Dutch students . Public Health Nutr 2005, 8 (8):1258-1265. 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Nutrients 2020, 12 (3). Cohen S, Janicki-Deverts D.: Who's stressed? Distributions of psychological stress in the United States in probability samples from 1983, 2006, and 2009. J Appl Soc Psychol 2012, 42 :1320-1334. MP. M: Gender differences in stress and coping styles . Personal Individ Differ 2004, 37 :1401-1415. Andresen EM, Malmgren JA, Carter WB, Patrick DL: Screening for Depression in Well Older Adults - Evaluation of a Short-Form of the Ces-D . American Journal of Preventive Medicine 1994, 10 (2):77-84. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R: A global measure of perceived stress . J Health Soc Behav 1983, 24 (4):385-396. Mezzacappa ES, Guethlein W, Vaz N, Bagiella E: A preliminary study of breast-feeding and maternal symptomatology . Ann Behav Med 2000, 22 (1):71-79. Reis RS, Hino AA, Anez CR: Perceived stress scale: reliability and validity study in Brazil . J Health Psychol 2010, 15 (1):107-114. Mimura C, Griffiths P: A Japanese version of the perceived stress scale: translation and preliminary test . Int J Nurs Stud 2004, 41 (4):379-385. Muller L, Spitz E: [Multidimensional assessment of coping: validation of the Brief COPE among French population] . Encephale 2003, 29 (6):507-518. Warttig SL, Forshaw MJ, South J, White AK: New, normative, English-sample data for the Short Form Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) . J Health Psychol 2013, 18 (12):1617-1628. Ligthart L, Huijgen A, Willemsen G, de Geus EJC, Boomsma DI: Are Migraine and Tension-Type Headache Genetically Related? An Investigation of Twin Family Data . Twin Res Hum Genet 2018, 21 (2):112-118. Vreeker A, Brunt TM, Treur JL, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, Verweij KJH, Vink JM: Comparing ecstasy users and non-users in a population-based and co-twin control design across multiple traits . Addict Behav 2020, 108 :106421. Fredriks AM, van Buuren S, Wit JM, Verloove-Vanhorick SP: Body index measurements in 1996-7 compared with 1980 . Arch Dis Child 2000, 82 (2):107-112. Schonbeck Y, Talma H, van Dommelen P, Bakker B, Buitendijk SE, Hirasing RA, van Buuren S: Increase in prevalence of overweight in Dutch children and adolescents: a comparison of nationwide growth studies in 1980, 1997 and 2009 . PLoS One 2011, 6 (11):e27608. Talma H: Groeidiagrammen. . 2010. Borraccino A, Lemma P, Berchialla P, Cappello N, Inchley J, Dalmasso P, Charrier L, Cavallo F, Italian HG: Unhealthy food consumption in adolescence: role of sedentary behaviors and modifiers in 11-, 13- and 15-year-old Italians . Eur J Public Health 2016, 26 (4):650-656. van der Horst K, Timperio A, Crawford D, Roberts R, Brug J, Oenema A: The school food environment associations with adolescent soft drink and snack consumption . Am J Prev Med 2008, 35 (3):217-223. Wouters EJ, Larsen JK, Kremers SP, Dagnelie PC, Geenen R: Peer influence on snacking behavior in adolescence . Appetite 2010, 55 (1):11-17. Heslehurst N, Vieira R, Akhter Z, Bailey H, Slack E, Ngongalah L, Pemu A, Rankin J: The association between maternal body mass index and child obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis . PLoS Med 2019, 16 (6):e1002817. Duriancik DM, Goff CR: Children of single-parent households are at a higher risk of obesity: A systematic review . J Child Health Care 2019, 23 (3):358-369. Mannan M, Mamun A, Doi S, Clavarino A: Prospective Associations between Depression and Obesity for Adolescent Males and Females- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies . PLoS One 2016, 11 (6):e0157240. Quek YH, Tam WWS, Zhang MWB, Ho RCM: Exploring the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression: a meta-analysis . Obes Rev 2017, 18 (7):742-754. De Vriendt T, Moreno LA, De Henauw S: Chronic stress and obesity in adolescents: scientific evidence and methodological issues for epidemiological research . Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009, 19 (7):511-519. Haines J, Rifas-Shiman SL, Horton NJ, Kleinman K, Bauer KW, Davison KK, Walton K, Austin SB, Field AE, Gillman MW: Family functioning and quality of parent-adolescent relationship: cross-sectional associations with adolescent weight-related behaviors and weight status . Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016, 13 :68. McCurdy K, Gorman KS, Metallinos-Katsaras E: From Poverty to Food Insecurity and Child Overweight: A Family Stress Approach . Child Dev Perspect 2010, 4 (2):144-151. Anderson SE, Gooze RA, Lemeshow S, Whitaker RC: Quality of early maternal-child relationship and risk of adolescent obesity . Pediatrics 2012, 129 (1):132-140. Topham GL, Page MC, Hubbs-Tait L, Rutledge JM, Kennedy TS, Shriver L, Harrist AW: Maternal depression and socio-economic status moderate the parenting style/child obesity association . Public Health Nutr 2010, 13 (8):1237-1244. McLearn KT, Minkovitz CS, Strobino DM, Marks E, Hou W: The timing of maternal depressive symptoms and mothers' parenting practices with young children: implications for pediatric practice . Pediatrics 2006, 118 (1):e174-182. Ertel KA, Kleinman K, van Rossem L, Sagiv S, Tiemeier H, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW, Raat H: Maternal perinatal depression is not independently associated with child body mass index in the Generation R Study: methods and missing data matter . J Clin Epidemiol 2012, 65 (12):1300-1309. Ertel KA, Rich-Edwards JW, Koenen KC: Maternal depression in the United States: nationally representative rates and risks . J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011, 20 (11):1609-1617. Gray HL, Buro AW, Barrera Ikan J, Wang W, Stern M: School-level factors associated with obesity: A systematic review of longitudinal studies . Obes Rev 2019, 20 (7):1016-1032. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Apr, 2021 Read the published version in BMC Public Health → Version 2 posted Editorial decision: Minor revision 05 Feb, 2021 Review # 2 received at journal 26 Jan, 2021 Reviewer # 2 agreed at journal 13 Jan, 2021 Review # 1 received at journal 21 Dec, 2020 Editor assigned by journal 16 Dec, 2020 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Dec, 2020 Reviewer # 1 agreed at journal 16 Dec, 2020 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Dec, 2020 Editor invited by journal 16 Dec, 2020 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-30158","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":7031143,"identity":"9f73b481-665d-46de-a102-7f1fd94e497d","order_by":0,"name":"Maaike Koning","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAv0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNiA2YGDghwuwE6tFsgEmwEyUFpCuA8Rq0W1gS3xcUHDHbvPtHsMHjHsOM5gT0mJ2gO2w8QyDZ8nb7pwxNmB4dpjBspmgFvY2aR6Dw8lmN3K3STAcOMxgcJhYLcYziNfCdgykxc5Agmgth9mSjYFaEiTunP9skHAgnYewluNtho95/hy255/dlvjgwwFrOYPjDQT0QIM0sUECSCYwMPAQUI8A9gwSRKsdBaNgFIyCkQYAsi8/FlUT2MUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-2359","institution":"Windesheim university of applied sciences","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maaike","middleName":"","lastName":"Koning","suffix":""},{"id":7031144,"identity":"4adfade3-90fc-4e15-ab51-f7a578917c55","order_by":1,"name":"Jacqueline Vink","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Radboud Universiteit Behavioural Science Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jacqueline","middleName":"","lastName":"Vink","suffix":""},{"id":7031145,"identity":"c2679160-b4f5-410f-b303-0bcffae4a272","order_by":2,"name":"Tommy L.S. Visscher","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Christelijke Hogeschool Windesheim","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tommy","middleName":"L.S.","lastName":"Visscher","suffix":""},{"id":7031146,"identity":"145d457a-f0d1-457d-adeb-a2505be2fcd3","order_by":3,"name":"Junilla Larsen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Radboud Universiteit Behavioural Science Institute","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junilla","middleName":"","lastName":"Larsen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-05-19 05:45:53","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-30158/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-30158/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10721-z","type":"published","date":"2021-04-07T19:05:07+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13643813,"identity":"16049f44-4c7a-48f9-b40a-fada51baa2b6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 09:13:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2053153,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-30158/v2/feeb2fbd-4619-44f9-a7f8-3657b145d974.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Maternal stress and depressive symptoms and adolescents’ body mass index: A prospective study.","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eAdolescence is a vulnerable period for the development of overweight, a pressing public health issue [1-8]. While overweight and obesity have multifactorial causes, parents have a substantial influence on the development of children\u0026rsquo;s and adolescents\u0026rsquo; eating behaviors [9, 10], food consumption [11-13], and weight gain trajectories [14, 15]. The role of mothers is especially important because in most households nowadays, mothers are still the most important caregivers [16], and manage most of the day‐to‐day child‐care tasks [17]. They are considered to be the primary gatekeeper of the home food environment [18]. To date, growing evidence suggests that maternal mental health issues (i.e., psychological stress and depressive symptoms) are associated with increased risk rates of weight gain, obesity and related weight-related behaviors (i.e., eating, physical activity and sleep patterns) in children and adolescents [19-29]. However, most studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs and have been aimed at (younger) children. The current prospective study focuses on the link between maternal mental health and adolescents\u0026rsquo; weight development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt has been hypothesized that maternal stress and depressive symptoms may influence their child\u0026rsquo;s weight related behaviors through three primary pathways [30]. First, maternal stress may alter mothers\u0026rsquo; own physical activity, sedentary behavior and dietary intake, which may impact children\u0026rsquo;s and adolescents\u0026rsquo; behaviors through modelling and household exposure (e.g., less healthy family meals) [31]. Additionally it is known that depressed mothers have difficulty providing healthful food choices [32-34], and modeling physical activity behaviors relative to non-depressed mothers [35]. There is evidence that changes in maternal feeding styles and patterns due to stress and depression can have a significant impact on children\u0026rsquo;s food composition and energy intake by for example preparing convenient but unhealthy meals to help manage time [16, 36]. Second, maternal stress and depression may affect parenting behaviors or mother child interactions. Mothers experiencing high levels of stress may spend less time with their children [37] and may be less responsive in their interaction with their children [38]. Maternal depressive symptoms, such as negative affect and inactivity, can influence child weight related behaviors by directly affecting parenting behaviors, reducing maternal sensitivity to and nurturance of the child\u0026rsquo;s needs [28, 39] and by facilitating less positive parent-child interactions and less family cohesion [40-42]. Third, maternal stress and depression can directly influence children\u0026rsquo;s behavior through alterations in the stress response of the child itself [31], responding to maternal stress with an increased biological or psychological stress response .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThese pathways explaining the link between maternal mental health and child weight development may particularly be important during adolescence. That is, parents continue to play a decisive role in this age period, for instance through weight-related parenting and specific rules that are associated with greater adolescent nutrition knowledge [43]. This nutrition knowledge may, in turn, prevent unhealthy choices during adolescence when children become more autonomous [43] and are increasingly exposed to more diverse (unhealthier) food environments. Thus, what parents do, both in terms of their own behaviors as well as their food parenting, may prepare adolescents to deal with these more diverse unhealthy food environments, preventing excessive food intake and subsequent weight gain. Moreover, the third pathway explaining the link between maternal mental health and child weight development through child mental health issues may also be particularly important during adolescence, when depression and stress symptoms are more prevalent compared to childhood [44].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough stress may represent one generalizable phenomenon, there are many sub-classifications of stress, including general perceived stress and perceived stress limited to a specific domain (e.g., financial, health, work-related or social) [25]. It is possible that a mother\u0026rsquo;s experience of each of these different types of stress may differentially relate to their children\u0026rsquo;s weight-related behaviors and weight development. To date, previous studies have found that maternal general stress was consistently associated with greater risk for childhood overweight and obesity [19], while the association between depressive symptoms and child overweight was found to be more inconsistent [45], varying by gender and age [46] and measure of depression [45]. Importantly, the majority of studies so far have focused on maternal stress or maternal depression or depressive symptoms exclusively, while longitudinal assessment of both maternal stress and depressive symptoms in relation to childhood and adolescents\u0026rsquo; BMI are rare. The main aim of the current prospective study is to examine the link between diverse forms of stress and depressive symptoms with adolescents\u0026rsquo; weight outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eParticipants \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe participants in the present study were part of wave 1 and wave 2 of the \u0026ldquo;G(F)OOD together\u0026rdquo; research project, a longitudinal study on Dutch adolescents\u0026rsquo; and their parents\u0026rsquo; health behaviour. Data for the first three waves were collected in fall 2017, spring 2018, spring 2019 respectively. Parents of 1,657 adolescents were invited to participate, and mothers or fathers provided consent for themselves and their adolescents to participate in the study. Parental consent was provided for 718 children. Moreover, 777 parents also provided consent for themselves. In the first wave 667 adolescents from six secondary schools in the South and the East of the Netherlands participated and in the second wave 688 adolescents participated (95.8% participated in both waves). Because some adolescents were absent at wave 1 due to illness or other appointments, more adolescents actually participated in wave 2. Moreover, 593 mothers and fathers took part in Wave 1 and 586 parents took part in wave 2 (N =480; 80,9% in both waves). Details of the study procedures can be found elsewhere [47].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor this study, we only included mothers, as they are still the most important caregivers in the family, and are more prone to stress and depression [16, 48, 49] than fathers. In total, 442 mothers took part in Wave 1, 438 in wave 2 (as an extra school was recruited at Wave 2), and 358 (81%) in both waves. Of the N = 358 with complete maternal data on both waves, we excluded data from non-biological mothers for this study (n =3) and data from mothers of whom there was no anthropometric and questionnaire data available of their adolescent child (n=22), leaving a final sample of 336 biological mother child dyads who participated in both waves.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost mothers (97.0%) were born in the Netherlands. Mean age of mothers at the first wave was 44.6 years (SD\u003csub\u003eage \u003c/sub\u003e= 4.2; age range = 29.8 to 55.5). Most mothers finished higher professional education (39.9%) or secondary vocational education (39.4%) and performed a payed job of less than 32 hours per week (52.5%) or 32 hours per week or more (19.4%).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdolescent boys (n=161) and girls (n=175) were approximately equally represented. Most adolescents were born in the Netherlands (%). All participants attended regular secondary education (M\u003csub\u003eage\u003c/sub\u003e = 12.9 years; SD\u003csub\u003eage\u003c/sub\u003e = 0.6; age range = 11.3 to 14.8). In the Netherlands, children in secondary schools follow education based on their academic level and interests. Dutch secondary schools are divided into three streams which represent different educational paths: one to prepare students for vocational training, another to prepare students for university, and a middle stream to prepare students to study at universities of applied sciences (higher vocational education). More than half of the participants (57.6%) were in pre-university education, 8.2% of the participants was in higher general secondary education, and 34.2% of the participants was in pre-vocational education.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProcedures\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdolescents and their parents were recruited through secondary schools. We randomly invited 40 secondary schools in the South and the East of the Netherlands to participate in the study. Six secondary schools agreed to participate in wave 1, and all adolescents attending the first and second grade and their parents were invited to participate in this study by means of an active parental consent procedure. A letter describing the four-wave study was mailed to the parents and they were asked to return a (paper or online) consent form indicating whether they agreed to their child participating in the study and if they agreed to participate in the study themselves. Children were rewarded with a small incentive, if at least one of their parents\u0026rsquo; forms was returned, regardless of whether permission was given. Before participation, adolescents and parents were informed that participation was voluntary, that answers would be processed anonymously, and that they could withdraw from the study at any moment. Inclusion criteria for participants were being enrolled in a high school, being in the first and second grade of this high school, being proficient in the Dutch language and parents and children both having given active informed consent. Exclusion criteria for participants were not being proficient in the Dutch language, attending special education and not having given active (parental) consent.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdolescents completed an online survey at school during one classroom hour (approximately 45 minutes), and height and weight were measured outside the classroom by trained research assistants. Parents completed an online survey, which took approximately 20 minutes to complete. The questionnaires were administered through Qualtrics Survey Software (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) and were in Dutch language. Children received a small present after completing the survey, and several prizes were raffled among participating parents. The Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands approved the study protocol (reference number ECSW20170805-516) in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMeasures \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepressive symptoms\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the 10-item short version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Although the (shortened) CESD is used as a self-reported measure of depressive symptoms,\u0026nbsp; it is a reliable and valid instrument to screen for the presence or absence of a depressive disorder [50]. The CES-D is widely used and has adequate internal reliability [50]. Respondents rated items on a 4-point Likert scale (rarely or none, to most or all the time). The scale includes positive (I was happy) and negative (I could not get going) items. Higher total CES-D scores reflect greater maternal depressive symptomology. In the current study, Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha for the CES-D was .77 at T1 and .80 at T2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral perceived stress\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal general stress levels were assessed using the 4 item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The PSS is a self-report questionnaire measuring a person\u0026rsquo;s evaluation of stressful situations in the previous 1 month of his or her life. It is a global measure of stress that is simple to use, and there are many studies confirming its reliability and validity in a variety of settings and in multiple languages [51-56]. Although it is used as a self-reported measure of general stress,\u0026nbsp; it is a reliable and valid instrument to screen for general perceived stress [51, 53, 54, 56]. The instrument contains 4 statements which measure how unpredictable and uncontrollable respondents feel their lives are, for example: In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? Respondents rate how often they experience stressful situations on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from \u0026lsquo;never\u0026rsquo; to \u0026lsquo;very often\u0026rsquo;. Answers of the 4 items were summed into a total PSS score. The higher the score on the PSS, the greater the respondent perceives that their demands exceed their ability to cope. Cronbach\u0026rsquo;s alpha was calculated to investigate the internal reliability of the Perceived Stress Scale and was .70 at T1 and .69 at T2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancial stress, stress at work and at home\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThree types of domain specific stress were measured through three items: financial stress (How often did you experience financial stress in the past year?), stress at work (How often have you felt stress at work in the past year?), and stress at home (How often did you experience stress at home in the past year?). These questions have been used in previous studies to measure different types of stress and are worded in the same manner [57, 58]. Respondents rated how often they experienced stress in the different contexts on a 4-point Likert scale (never, sometimes, regularly, all of the time).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnthropometrics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdolescents\u0026rsquo; height and weight were measured according to protocol [59] by trained research assistants. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Individual age and gender-specific\u0026nbsp; BMI standard deviation scores (z-scores) were calculated using a Dutch representative sample of 0-21-year olds [60, 61]. Mothers reported their own height and weight based on which we calculated maternal BMI.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCovariates\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe controlled for parent\u0026rsquo;s and adolescents\u0026rsquo; educational level in our regression analyses, as a higher BMI seems to be more frequent in lower educated youth and in youth with lower educated parents [62-64]. We also controlled for additional covariates showing a potential link with adolescent zBMI [65-70]. As such, the following covariates were added: adolescents\u0026rsquo; gender, maternal BMI, maternal single household status, adolescent stress and depressive symptoms, as also the quality of the parent-child relationship rated by parents. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analyses\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistical analyses were conducted using the PASW 20.0 and R software package. Descriptive statistics were used (mean, standard deviations and percentages) to describe the study sample and to investigate population characteristics (see table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFirst, cross-sectional associations between mothers\u0026rsquo; wellbeing and adolescent zBMI and the covariates were examined by calculating Pearson's correlation coefficients using SPSS. Second, to test whether maternal stress or depressive symptoms may precede child zBMI over time, \u0026nbsp;multiple linear regression analyses were performed using the R software package (R Core Team, 2018) with depressive symptoms (CES-D score), general stress (PSS score), financial stress, stress at home or stress at work at T1 as the independent variables, and adolescents\u0026rsquo; zBMI at T2 as the dependent variable). We examined two models: a multiple linear regression model, adjusted for adolescents\u0026rsquo; zBMI at baseline and potentially relevant covariates (i.e., educational level of the mother and of the adolescent, gender, maternal BMI, maternal marital status (single household status), the quality of parent/child relationship as rated by parents, child stress, and child depressive symptoms and an unadjusted model without covariates. We checked normality and distribution assumptions of zBMI before performing our regression analysis with a scatter plot, QQ plot and the Shapiro Wilk test. The plots showed no extreme outliers and a linear association. The Shapiro Wilk test showed a normal distribution (W = .99, p = .53).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA logistic regression analysis comparing those adolescents who participated in the current study (score = 1) with those who could not participate because of lacking maternal data (score = 0) showed no differences in gender, educational level, age and mean zBMI between both groups, we therefore expect no bias. The overall proportion of drop-out from T1 to T2 is relatively low, of the adolescents 95.8% participated in both waves and 80.9% of parents participated in both waves. The proportion of missing data in our study sample is also low (22/358 = 6%). To account for missing values we used the \u0026lsquo;na.exclude\u0026rsquo; function in R which does not use the missing values, but maintains their position for the residuals and fitted values.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the proposed multiple linear regressions, we conducted a power analysis using G*Power 3.1 [10]. With a small effect size (f2) of .15, an alpha of .05, a standard power level of .80, and a total of 14 predictors , the results of the power analysis showed that a minimum of 135 participants would be needed to achieve an appropriate power level for this study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCross-sectional associations and descriptives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe total sample consisted of 336 adolescent-parent dyads. Mean zBMI of the adolescents was .10 (SD 1.06) at T1 and .18 (SD 1.07) at T2. The average change in zBMI from T1 to T2 (6 months interval) was .08 (SD .99), as can be seen in table 1.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: Sociodemographic characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:495.8pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eTotal study sample (N=336)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eAge of the child (years) at T1; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e12.9 (.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e11.3-14.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eGender (% male)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e47.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eAge of the mother (years); mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e44.6 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e29.8-55.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eEducational level mother (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Primary school\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e2.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Secondary vocational education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e43.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Higher professional \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;education/university\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e53.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eEducational level child (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; pre-vocational education.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e34.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;higher general secondary education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e8.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;pre-university education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e57.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eAdolescent zBMI at T1; mean (SD)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e.10 (1.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e-2.9 \u0026ndash; 2.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eAdolescent zBMI at T2; mean (SD)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e.18 (1.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e-2.8 \u0026ndash; 2.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003ezBMI categories at T1 (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026lt; -2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e1.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e-2 to 2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e93.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e2+\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e4.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003ezBMI categories at T2 (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026lt; -2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e2.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e-2 to 2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e91.7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e2+\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e5.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eMaternal BMI score; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eRange\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e24.6 (4.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e16.6-43.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eMaternal CESD score; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 24.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;color:black;\"\u003e16.6 (3.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e10-30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eMaternal PESS Score; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e7.9 (2.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e4-18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eMaternal financial stress; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e1.5 (.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e1 - 4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eMaternal stress at home; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e2.0 (.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e1 - 4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003eMaternal stress at work; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e2.1 (.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e1 - 4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;color:black;background:white;\"\u003eMarital status (single household status) (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e10.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;color:black;background:white;\"\u003eThe quality of parent/child relationship as rated by parents; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e89.2 (11.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e17-100\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;color:black;background:white;\"\u003eChild stress; mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e1.9 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; (.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e1-4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 259.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;color:black;background:white;\"\u003eChild depressive symptoms\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;color:black;background:white;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Range\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 236.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 25.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e14.7 (3.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:13px;\"\u003e10-33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003ePearson\u0026rsquo;s correlation coefficients between maternal wellbeing, covariates and adolescent zBMI are presented in Table 2. Significant correlations were found between maternal depressive symptoms and most of the stress measures, with exception of the \u0026lsquo;stress at work\u0026rsquo; measure. Mostly non-significant correlations were found between maternal wellbeing (i.e., stress or depressive symptoms) and adolescents\u0026rsquo; zBMI. Of the covariates, maternal BMI was positively correlated with maternal general stress (r=.14, p=.03), with maternal depressive symptoms (r=.12, p=.01) and with financial stress (r=.18, p=.001) . Educational level of the adolescent was negatively correlated with maternal depressive symptoms (r=-.17, p=.003) and with maternal general stress (r=-.15, p=.009). Single household status was correlated with financial stress (r=.22, p=.000). Quality of parent child relationship was negatively correlated with maternal general stress (r=-.19, p=.001) and stress at home (r=-.22, p=.000).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorrelational associations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"float: left;width:721.15pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:4.8pt;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e1.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e2.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e3.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e4.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e7.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e10.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003eAdolescent variables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e1. Adolescent zBMI T1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e2. Adolescent zBMI T2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.57\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.5pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003eMaternal wellbeing variables\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border: none;background: rgb(208, 206, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:102.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e3. Maternal depressive symptoms\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.5pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:47.4pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.45pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:42.25pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.35pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.3pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.3pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.05pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:102.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e4. Maternal general stress\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:47.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.55\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:42.25pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:102.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e5. Maternal stress at work\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.5pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.000\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:47.4pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.17\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.45pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:42.25pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.35pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.3pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.3pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.05pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:102.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e6. Maternal financial stress\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.19\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.20\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:42.25pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.05pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:102.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e7. Maternal stress at home\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.27\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.34\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.14\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:42.25pt;border-top:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.06\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e9. Depressive symptoms adolescent\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:47.4pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.06\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:39.45pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:42.25pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:38.0pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.2pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.15\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.35pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e10. Adolescent stress\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.50\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e11. Eucational level adolescent\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.15\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.17\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.15\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e12. Educational level parent\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.18\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.06\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.06\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.06\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.34\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.20\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.14\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.12\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.18\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e14. 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style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: 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0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.14\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.06\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;\"\u003e15. Quality of parent/child relationship\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 47.4pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.19\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.25pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 38pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.22\u003csup\u003e**\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.2pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.35pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.3pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.004\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.3pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e-.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 0.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:16.0pt;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:11px;color:black;\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:107%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp; ** \u0026nbsp;significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLongitudinal \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociations between Maternal Mental Wellbeing and Adolescents\u0026rsquo; zBMI \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal general stress (b = .20,\u003cem\u003e p\u003c/em\u003e = .002) was associated with adolescent\u0026rsquo;s\u0026rsquo; zBMI at T2 after correction for baseline zBMI, gender, educational level of the child, educational level of mothers, maternal marital status (single household status), the quality of parent/child relationship as rated by parents, child stress, and child depressive symptoms and maternal BMI as can be seen in table 2. This effect was still significant in a reduced model without covariates (b = .14,\u003cem\u003e p\u003c/em\u003e = .01), indicating that maternal general stress is associated with higher zBMI \u0026nbsp;6 months later. Notably, for the other maternal well-being variables (i.e., maternal financial stress, maternal stress at home, maternal stress at work, maternal depressive symptoms) no significant longitudinal associations were found with adolescents\u0026rsquo; zBMI, neither in a reduced model nor after controlling for covariates. Additionally, lower educational level among adolescents (b = .16, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .001) and adolescent depressive symptoms (b = .16, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .001) were associated with a higher zBMI at T2. The final model (including all covariates) of maternal general stress explained 31% of the variance of adolescent zBMI.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3. Linear regressions of maternal stress/depressive symptoms at T1 on adolescent zBMI at T2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"float: left;width: 5.4e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:4.8pt;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 171.75pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 184.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eUnadjusted analyses\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 188.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eAdjusted analyses\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 171.75pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eB\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eSE B\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 48.35pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026beta;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50.45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eP value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 42.45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eB\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eSE B\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026beta;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.85pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eP value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 171.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eMaternal general stress\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 48.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.01*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.85pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.002**\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 171.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003eMaternal depressive symptoms\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.01\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 48.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e.49\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.85pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e.44\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 171.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;background:white;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003eMaternal \u0026nbsp;financial stress\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 48.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.85pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 171.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;background:white;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003eMaternal stress \u0026nbsp;at \u0026nbsp;home\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e.09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 48.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e.43\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e.09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.06\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.85pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003e.30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 171.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;background:white;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003eMaternal stress \u0026nbsp;at work\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 48.35pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e-.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 50.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.97\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.004\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 42.45pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60.85pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height: 200%;color:black;\"\u003e.95\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;border-bottom:solid #7F7F7F 1.0pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 171.75pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 2.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;background:white;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;color:black;\"\u003eAdj R \u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 184.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 2.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003e0.31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 188.45pt;border-top: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid rgb(127, 127, 127);border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 2.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003e0.31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;\"\u003e** significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). * significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;a\u003c/sup\u003eCovariates: Adolescents\u0026rsquo; zBMI at baseline, educational level, gender;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;\"\u003ematernal BMI, educational level of mothers, maternal marital status (single household status), the quality of parent/child relationship as rated by parents,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin:0in;font-size:16px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;\"\u003echild stress, and child depressive symptoms\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:200%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size:12px;line-height:200%;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal studies that test whether maternal stress or depressive symptoms may precede the development of adolescents\u0026rsquo; weight outcomes are rare, and this study aimed to fill this gap. We found that maternal general perceived stress at T1 preceded higher adolescents\u0026rsquo; zBMI at T2, after controlling for baseline zBMI and other covariates, whereas maternal depressive symptoms at T1 and other domain-specific stress did not (maternal financial stress, maternal stress at work, maternal stress at home). Additionally, lower educational level among adolescents and adolescent depressive symptoms\u0026nbsp; were associated with a higher zBMI at T2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the past decade, several studies have established the link between maternal well-being and childrens\u0026rsquo; zBMI [19-22, 24]. However, these studies mostly focused on (early) childhood. During adolescence, particularly early adolescence, parents still play an important role in their children\u0026rsquo;s lives. Maternal stress and depressive symptoms have been linked to barriers to a healthy lifestyle and may reduce pro-active obesity-related parenting practices [20, 71-73] such as less healthy meal preparation and less transportation to and less participation in organized sports by their children, and by for example, negatively influencing mother-child interaction and increasing the risk at modelling possibilities of unhealthy maternal behaviors [16, 27, 30, 31, 36-42, 73, 74]. The present study\u0026rsquo;s aim was to investigate the longitudinal link of both maternal stress and depressive symptoms with adolescents\u0026rsquo; weight development. We found a small link between maternal general stress and adolescent zBMI over time. We did not find significant associations for maternal depressive symptoms or for domain specific stressors (maternal financial stress, stress at home and stress at work). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMaternal general perceived stress may reflect a broader personality construct on how mothers more generally react to stressful situations, whereas stress from the home and work environment probably is more contextual in nature [25]. This may explain why maternal general stress is associated with development of zBMI in adolescents, having more general impact than specific contextual stress factors. Additionally, adolescents with mothers who experience a lot of general stress may be exposed to less healthy family and peer environments, providing increased opportunities to engage in unhealthy behaviors and may lead to unhealthy weight development.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn contrast, no associations were found between maternal depressive symptoms and adolescent BMI over time. Notably, previous research has already shown some mixed findings particularly with regard to the link between maternal depressive symptoms and children\u0026rsquo;s weight outcomes [45, 46]. A review reports that chronic depression (depression measured on multiple occasions), but not episodic (depression at a single measurement occasion) depression was found to be associated with a greater risk for child overweight [45]. In our study we measured depressive symptoms at one time point, which may explain why we did not find any associations. However, it should be noted that other studies focusing on episodic symptoms did sometimes find a link with children\u0026rsquo;s weight outcomes [75, 76], though these studies were most often conducted among younger children.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe link between maternal stress and children\u0026rsquo;s weight outcomes have been repeatedly found among families with younger children [19]. To the best of our knowledge, only one previous longitudinal study found this link among adolescents [24]. Our study adds to these previous studies that diverse stress factors have been examined and that only for one specific stress factor longitudinal links have been found (i.e., general stress) in an adolescent population. Thus, it might be that, particularly for adolescents, maternal general stress has more impact on (healthy) family life and adolescents\u0026rsquo; weight development than maternal stress in other domains and also more impact than maternal depressive symptoms. Future studies including both age groups (i.e., younger children and adolescents) may further examine this.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSocioeconomic factors are also known to be of specific interest in weight development of children and adolescents. We found that a lower educational level among adolescents was consistently associated with a higher zBMI at T2 in all our models. In the Netherlands, children in secondary schools follow education based on their academic level and our study thus suggests that increases in zBMI are most unfavorable in adolescents with a lower educational level. Previous studies have reported about the educational gap with regard to weight outcomes [77]. It seems that the period of adolescence is a particularly important period because of the autonomy involved in making more independent choices about weight related behaviors. Adolescents with lower educational levels may make more unhealthy choices in their weight related behaviors than highly educated adolescents, and may have less (financial) opportunities for healthy weight related behaviors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe current study had several strengths and limitations. One particular strength is that height and weight of the adolescents were objectively measured. Moreover, the high participation rates and the prospective repeated measurements add to the strengths of this study. A final strength includes the fact that parents reported on their own mental health. Despite these strengths, also some limitations should be acknowledged. First, maternal mental health was analyzed at one time point only, to assess stability in maternal mental state more time points should be taken into account. Second, the time period between the first two waves was relatively short and may not be representative of longer term weight change developments. Third, the sample consisted of a high percentage of highly educated respondents (57.6%) as well as a high proportion of respondents having a healthy zBMI, possibly influencing the generalizability of the results. Finally, contextual stress factors (i.e., financial, home or work-related stress) were only measured with one item.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo conclude, our findings suggest that adolescents whose mothers experienced more general stress may be at greater risk for increases in zBMI. In contrast, maternal depressive symptoms do not predict any changes in weight development among adolescents. Interventions to reduce stress and to increase resources for mothers to cope with stress might help reduce overweight and obesity in their adolescent children. Clinicians may consider behavioural interventions, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction, to diminish the effects of stress in mothers on their childrens weight-related behaviors as an additional strategy to address adolescent obesity prevention and intervention. Our findings warrant future longitudinal investigation with longer follow-ups on whether and how general stress among mothers might predict weight increases of their adolescent offspring.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eBMI: Body Mass Index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCES-D: Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;PSS: Perceived Stress Scale\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate: \u003c/strong\u003eAll procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands and with the WMA declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol (reference number ECSW20170805-516) was approved in 2017. Informed consent was obtained from all parents and of individual participants who were included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent to publish: \u003c/strong\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials: \u003c/strong\u003eThe datasets generated and analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to agreements we have made concerning the exchange and use of our data, but are available from the corresponding author [MK] on reasonable request. These data are primary data acquired by (one of) the authors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding: \u003c/strong\u003eWe received no specific grant from any funding agency in public, commercial or non-profit sectors. This study was funded by the Behavioural Science Institute of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The study received no external funding. The analysis and interpretation of the data and the writing of this manuscript were funded by Windesheim University of Applied Sciences and the Behavioural Science Institute of Radboud University in Nijmegen, the Netherlands.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor\u0026rsquo;s contributions: \u003c/strong\u003eJV and JL were responsible for the study design. JV and JL supervised the data collection. MK was responsible for the statistical analyses and interpretation of the data in agreement with JV, JL, and TV. MK wrote the first version of the manuscript and all authors participated in the revisions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments: \u003c/strong\u003eWe would like to thank all the participating schools and families for their contribution to this research project. Moreover, we would like to thank all the student assistants for their help during the data collection of this project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration of interest statement: \u003c/strong\u003eNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLytle LA, Seifert S, Greenstein J, McGovern P: \u003cstrong\u003eHow do children's eating patterns and food choices change over time? 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\u003cstrong\u003e23\u003c/strong\u003e(3):358-369.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMannan M, Mamun A, Doi S, Clavarino A: \u003cstrong\u003eProspective Associations between Depression and Obesity for Adolescent Males and Females- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003ePLoS One \u003c/em\u003e2016, \u003cstrong\u003e11\u003c/strong\u003e(6):e0157240.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuek YH, Tam WWS, Zhang MWB, Ho RCM: \u003cstrong\u003eExploring the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression: a meta-analysis\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eObes Rev \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e18\u003c/strong\u003e(7):742-754.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDe Vriendt T, Moreno LA, De Henauw S: \u003cstrong\u003eChronic stress and obesity in adolescents: scientific evidence and methodological issues for epidemiological research\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eNutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis \u003c/em\u003e2009, 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\u003cem\u003ePediatrics \u003c/em\u003e2012, \u003cstrong\u003e129\u003c/strong\u003e(1):132-140.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTopham GL, Page MC, Hubbs-Tait L, Rutledge JM, Kennedy TS, Shriver L, Harrist AW: \u003cstrong\u003eMaternal depression and socio-economic status moderate the parenting style/child obesity association\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003ePublic Health Nutr \u003c/em\u003e2010, \u003cstrong\u003e13\u003c/strong\u003e(8):1237-1244.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMcLearn KT, Minkovitz CS, Strobino DM, Marks E, Hou W: \u003cstrong\u003eThe timing of maternal depressive symptoms and mothers' parenting practices with young children: implications for pediatric practice\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003ePediatrics \u003c/em\u003e2006, \u003cstrong\u003e118\u003c/strong\u003e(1):e174-182.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eErtel KA, Kleinman K, van Rossem L, Sagiv S, Tiemeier H, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW, Raat H: \u003cstrong\u003eMaternal perinatal depression is not independently associated with child body mass index in the Generation R Study: methods and missing data matter\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJ Clin Epidemiol \u003c/em\u003e2012, \u003cstrong\u003e65\u003c/strong\u003e(12):1300-1309.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eErtel KA, Rich-Edwards JW, Koenen KC: \u003cstrong\u003eMaternal depression in the United States: nationally representative rates and risks\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJ Womens Health (Larchmt) \u003c/em\u003e2011, \u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e(11):1609-1617.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGray HL, Buro AW, Barrera Ikan J, Wang W, Stern M: \u003cstrong\u003eSchool-level factors associated with obesity: A systematic review of longitudinal studies\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eObes Rev \u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e(7):1016-1032.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"longitudinal study, adolescence, overweight, maternal stress, maternal depression, BMI","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-30158/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-30158/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground \u003c/strong\u003eGrowing evidence suggests that maternal mental health issues are associated with (young) children’s weight outcomes. However, most studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs and have been aimed at (younger) children. The current prospective study focuses on the link between maternal mental health (i.e., psychological stress and depressive symptoms) and adolescents’ zBMI development.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods \u003c/strong\u003eThe participants in the present study were part of wave 1 and 2 of a longitudinal study on Dutch adolescents’ and their parents’ health behavior. Adolescents (aged 10-14) and their parents were recruited through six secondary schools in the South and the East of the Netherlands. For this study, we only included biological mothers and their adolescent children who participated in both waves, with data on the main measures on both waves, leaving a final sample of 336 biological mother child dyads. Adolescents height and weight were measured, and both parents and adolescents filled in validated questionnaires on perceived stress and depressive symptoms and answered additional questions concerning domain-specific stress. Regression analyses were performed in R to examine longitudinal links between maternal stress and depressive symptoms at baseline (T1) and adolescents’ BMI standard deviation scores (zBMI) 6 months later (T2), corrected for baseline zBMI and covariates. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults \u003c/strong\u003eMaternal general perceived stress (b=.20, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e =.002) at T1 preceded higher adolescents’ zBMI at T2, after controlling for baseline zBMI and other covariates, whereas maternal depressive symptoms at T1 (b=-.05, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e =.44) and other domain-specific stress did not (maternal financial stress, maternal stress at work, maternal stress at home). Additionally, lower educational level among adolescents (b = .16, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .001) and adolescent depressive symptoms (b = .16, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e = .001) was associated with a higher zBMI at T2. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions \u003c/strong\u003eResults suggest that maternal general stress, but not depressive symptoms, may influence adolescents’ weight development. Our findings warrant future investigation on whether and how general stress among mothers may predict weight increases of their adolescent offspring. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Maternal stress and depressive symptoms and adolescents’ body mass index: A prospective study.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2021-01-06 20:23:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-30158/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revision","date":"2021-02-05T05:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-01-27T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after minor essential revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\n\"PEER REVIEWER ASSESSMENTS:\n\nOBJECTIVE - Full research articles: is there a clear objective that addresses one or several testable research questions? (Brief or other article types: is there a clear objective?)\nYes - there is a clear objective\n\nDESIGN - Is the current approach (including controls and analysis protocols) appropriate for the objective?\nYes - the approach is appropriate\n\nEXECUTION - Are the experiments and analyses performed with sufficient technical rigor to allow confidence in the results?\nYes - experiments and analyses were performed appropriately\n\nSTATISTICS - Is the use of statistics in the manuscript appropriate?\nYes - appropriate statistical analyses have been used in the study\n\nINTERPRETATION - Is the current interpretation/discussion of the results reasonable and not overstated?\nNo - there are minor issues\n\nOVERALL MANUSCRIPT POTENTIAL - Has the author addressed your concerns sufficiently for you to now recommend the work as a technically sound contribution? If not, can further revisions be made to make the work technically sound?\nProbably - with minor revisions\n\nPEER REVIEWER COMMENTS:\n\nGENERAL COMMENTS: This is an important study which explores the longitudinal association between maternal stress and depression with adolescents overweight and obesity. Although many studies have been conducted in younger children, not many have explored this relationship during adolescence when the mother still influences adolescents' lifestyle behaviour and the home environment. \n\n\n\nREQUESTED REVISIONS:\nIn my opinion, the author's have addressed the large majority of the reviewer's comments. However, there were a few points that still need further clarification, which I have listed below:\n\n1. Reviewer 1 asked further justification on why to focus on adolescents. The authors provided relevant justifications. However, the tracking of adolescents overweight and obesity from adolescence to adulthood when obesity is associated with health risks is very important and was omitted here. Please see some references below.\nHerman, K. M., Craig, C. L., Gauvin, L., \u0026 Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2009). Tracking of obesity and physical activity from childhood to adulthood: the Physical Activity Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, 4(4), 281-288.\n\nKvaavik, E., Tell, G. S., \u0026 Klepp, K. I. (2003). Predictors and tracking of body mass index from adolescence into adulthood: follow-up of 18 to 20 years in the Oslo Youth Study. Archives of pediatrics \u0026 adolescent medicine, 157(12), 1212-1218.\n\n2. Reviewer 1 has asked for more information concerning the rationale for examining subtypes of maternal stress. The authors' added the following sentence: \"\"It is possible that a mother's experience of each of these different types of stress may differentially relate to their children's weight-related behaviors and weight development.\"\"\nIn my opinion, this speculative and still vague. Could you provide a rationale based on the literature on how financial, health, work-related or social stress might influence child overweight or obesity?\n\n3. Both reviewers queried about participation rates, drop-outs,… Although the authors attempted to clarify this issue, it is still hard to follow. I suggest the authors report participation using the CONSORT flow diagram. Reference: Tooth, L., Ware, R., Bain, C., Purdie, D. M., \u0026 Dobson, A. (2005). Quality of reporting of observational longitudinal research. American journal of epidemiology, 161(3), 280-288.\n\n4. In the general comments, the Reviewer 2 queried about the absence of a conceptual framework and asked for a rationale for the inclusion of the covariates.\nThe data analysis included the following covariates: \"\"educational level of the mother and of the adolescent, gender, maternal BMI, maternal marital status (single household status)\"\". Although the authors justified the educational level, the other covariates were not justified. I agree that the other covariates are important and have been included in many studies, however it is important to back-up with the literature.\n\n5. Reviewer 2 asked for the sample size calculation report, but the authors' have not answered this question.\n\n6. Reviewer 1 asked for further information on educational level and the authors. The authors added the following information.\n\n\"\"In the Netherlands, children in secondary schools follow education based on their academic level and interests. Dutch secondary schools are divided into three streams which represent different educational paths: one to prepare students for vocational training, another to prepare students for university, and a middle stream to prepare students to study at universities of applied sciences (higher vocational education).\"\"\n\nIn the following sentence, the authors state the following:\n\n\"\"More than half of the participants (57.6%) were in pre-university education, 8.2% of the participants was in higher general secondary education, and 34.2% of the participants was in pre-vocational education.\"\"\n\nWould it be possible to align these both sentences using the same terminology (e.g. vocational training, pre-university, university prep for applied science)?\n\n7. Throughout the manuscript, Table is on some occasions capitalised but not in other. It would help if you were consistent and capitalise throughout.\"* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **No**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **This reviewer has been recruited by a partner organization, Research Square. Reviewers with declared or apparent competing interests are not utilized for these reviews. This reviewer has agreed to publication of their comments online under a Creative Commons Attribution License attributed to Research Square and was paid a small honorarium for completing the review within a specified timeframe. Honoraria for reviews such as this are paid regardless of the reviewer recommendation.**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **No**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **Yes**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **Yes**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2021-01-14T00:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-12-22T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after discretionary revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\n\"PEER REVIEWER ASSESSMENTS:\n\nOBJECTIVE - Full research articles: is there a clear objective that addresses one or several testable research questions? (Brief or other article types: is there a clear objective?)\nYes - there is a clear objective\n\nDESIGN - Is the current approach (including controls and analysis protocols) appropriate for the objective?\nYes - the approach is appropriate\n\nEXECUTION - Are the experiments and analyses performed with sufficient technical rigor to allow confidence in the results?\nYes - experiments and analyses were performed appropriately\n\nSTATISTICS - Is the use of statistics in the manuscript appropriate?\nYes - appropriate statistical analyses have been used in the study\n\nINTERPRETATION - Is the current interpretation/discussion of the results reasonable and not overstated?\nYes - the author's interpretation is reasonable\n\nOVERALL MANUSCRIPT POTENTIAL - Has the author addressed your concerns sufficiently for you to now recommend the work as a technically sound contribution? If not, can further revisions be made to make the work technically sound?\nYes - current version is technically sound\n\nPEER REVIEWER COMMENTS:\n\nGENERAL COMMENTS: Congratulations! The authors addressed all of my concerns successfully. The manuscript has been improved significantly.\nADDITIONAL REQUESTS/SUGGESTIONS:\nOverall, the manuscript has been improved significantly. I have a few essential suggestions and comments:\n(1) the authors should have a conceptual framework. That guides the selection of study variables. If not, please acknowledge it as a limitation.\n(2) Should provide detail evidence of psychometric properties of the scales used. Please avoid the statements 'it is a reliable and valid instrument'.\n(3) 'Covariates': how those were measured should be stated in detail.\n(4) There were 'three streams' in Dutch secondary schools, was it taken into account in the analyses?\n(5) Table 3: why you presented Adj R-square for Unadjusted analyses?\n(6) The authors stated that 'the high participation rates and the prospective repeated measurements add to the strengths of this study'. Actually, the refusal rates (at school and individual levels) were too high that can lead to a selection bias in this study. Please revise that statement and acknowledge the limitation.\"* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **No**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **This reviewer has been recruited by a partner organization, Research Square. Reviewers with declared or apparent competing interests are not utilized for these reviews. This reviewer has agreed to publication of their comments online under a Creative Commons Attribution License attributed to Research Square and was paid a small honorarium for completing the review within a specified timeframe. Honoraria for reviews such as this are paid regardless of the reviewer recommendation.**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **Yes**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **Yes**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **Yes**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-12-17T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2020-12-17T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-12-17T00:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-12-16T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-12-16T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2020-05-22 23:25:10","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-30158/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2020-10-07T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-09-28T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Major revisions required\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nPEER REVIEWER ASSESSMENTS:\n\nOBJECTIVE - Full research articles: is there a clear objective that addresses a testable research question(s) (brief or other article types: is there a clear objective)?\nYes - there is a clear objective\n\nDESIGN - Is the current approach (including controls and analysis protocols) appropriate for the objective?\nNo - there are major issues\n\nEXECUTION - Are the experiments and analyses performed with technical rigor to allow confidence in the results?\nNo - there are major issues\n\nSTATISTICS - Is the use of statistics in the manuscript appropriate?\nNo - there are issues with the statistics in the study\n\nINTERPRETATION - Is the current interpretation/discussion of the results reasonable and not overstated?\nNo - there are major issues\n\nOVERALL MANUSCRIPT POTENTIAL - Is the current version of this work technically sound? If not, can revisions be made to make the work technically sound?\nMaybe - with major revisions\n\nPEER REVIEWER COMMENTS:\n\nGENERAL COMMENTS:\nThe measures used in this study were not validated. No sample size calculation for the aim of this study. There was a lack of a conceptual framework therefore the covariates were included randomly. Many potential confounders were not included in this study. This manuscript should be copy edited by a native English speaker. Statistical analyses were not appropriate.\n\nREQUESTED REVISIONS:\n1. Title: should be \"Maternal stress and depressive symptoms and adolescent's body mass index: A prospective study\"\nAbstract:\n2. The background is too long, should shorten it to have space for more information about the methods and results.\n3. No information about the setting of the study.\n4. More information about the methods for example sampling and measures.\n5. zBMI should be spelled out.\n\nMethods:\n6. How schools were selected. What was the recruitment rate (at school and participant levels)?\n7. Please provide a statement about sample size calculation?\n8. Excluded more than 50% of the original sample. Can you compare the characteristics of those two groups? Please acknowledge it as a limitation and discuss how it would affect the findings.\n9. Have CES-D and PSS been locally validated against a gold standard tool?\n10. What was the language of the questionnaire (in English ore Dutch)? \n11. Are the questions about \"Financial stress, stress at work and at home\" study-specific questions?\n12. Should provide the information about the proportion of missing data and be more specific about the method used to deal with missing values.\n13. The description of the statistical analyses can be reorganised to avoid repetitions and being more coherent.\n14. How and why only few variables were selected as potential covariates/confounders in this study? How about other factors such as household economic status, marital status, domestic violence, parenting style, parent-child relationship, child mental health status, or adverse life events?\n15. Why all of the stress and depressive symptoms variables were not included in a single model together? Depressive symptoms were strongly correlated with stress.\n16. Please be more specific on how \"To assess whether covariates were confounded with the outcome measure zBMI at T2 a one-way ANOVA was used\"?\n17. The association between mental health score and BMI change can be a U shape relationship. It should be tested.\n\nRESULTS:\n18. The socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children should be presented in detail in a table in the Results section.\n19. The distributions of all main variables (maternal CES-D score, stress, child zBMI at two time points, categories of zBMI (\u003c -2; -2 to 2; 2+)) and the changes of zBMI should be presented.\n\nDiscussion:\n20. The discussion section should be started with the restatement of the aim of this study and the main findings.\n21. The paragraph 2 of the Discussion needs references.\n22. Should not interpret the change in zBMI among adolescents as weight development because the height also can change at that age.\n23. In the Conclusions, the authors should take father out of the sentence \"how general stress among mothers, but also fathers, might predict weight increases of their adolescent offspring\". This study did not include fathers.* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **No**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **This reviewer has been recruited by a partner organization, Research Square. Reviewers with declared or apparent competing interests are not utilized for these reviews. This reviewer has agreed to publication of their comments online under a Creative Commons Attribution License attributed to Research Square and was paid a small honorarium for completing the review within a specified timeframe. Honoraria for reviews such as this are paid regardless of the reviewer recommendation.**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **No**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **No**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **No**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **No**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-09-21T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-07-29T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Major revisions required\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nThank you for the opportunity to review Maternal Stress, Depressive Symptoms, and Body Mass Index of Adolescents: A Prospective Study. The manuscript is a longitudinal study focused on how maternal internalizing symptoms (i.e., stress and depression) may impact weight status change in adolescence. Although the manuscript has many strengths, there are a number of limitations that may deter from the overall impact of the study.\n\nAbstract\n1. Within the methods section, please clarify the measurement of zBMI. Specifically, are maternal stress and depression being used to predict zBMI 6 months later, or is this change in zBMI six months later?\n\nIntroduction\n2. The argument that women reporting greater levels of psychological stress than men having implications for adolescent development seems unclear to me (especially due to differential experiences of stress between men and women). It may be helpful to remove this content and move directly into the pathways through which the authors hypothesize maternal stress and depression impact child weight.\n3. The rationale for examination in adolescents should be strengthened within the introduction.\n4. Further, it would be helpful to have more information concerning the rationale for examining the subtypes of maternal stress beyond general stress.\n\nMethods\n5. Minor: Please refine the language with regard to COVID-19 on line 58.\n6. While I appreciate the detailed information concerning the rates of participation at different timepoints, the way that this information is currently presented is confusing. Clarity would be helpful around the final sample size and percentage of participants present at both timepoints used in the present study. This may be done by presenting information on participation rates in dyads, rather than separately for children and parents.\n7. Minor: Was height and weight collected by research assistants or students? This is listed differently on lines 102 and 137. I imagine that these are trained research assistants, however the use of the word students on line 102 is confusing in light of discussion of the adolescents as students.\n8. The use of educational level of adolescents is unclear given that adolescents do not have a large spread in grade at school.\n9. Was there a specific measure used for financial stress, stress at work, and stress at home? If not, please provide the specific items used.\n10. Was any measure of child stress, depression, or internalizing symptoms used?\n11. Please provide rationale for running separate regression models, rather than testing the IVs within one regression model.\n\nResults\n12. More information is needed concerning adolescent weight change over time.\n13. I am concerned about the potential of maternal stress predicting adolescent weight status as an erroneous finding given the number of analyses conducted and the lack of findings regarding any specific areas of stress.\n14. How much variability in zBMI existed between T1 and T2? How much change in zBMI would be expected in a six month period?\n\nDiscussion\n15. Related to the concern about adolescent education in the methods, more rationale should be provided concerning this finding.\n16. Minor: Please remove statistics from the discussion (line 232).\n17. Please provide further rationale for the implications of the study given the measurement limitations, and short-term follow-up. Specifically, what are the public health implications of the present study?\n\nTable 1\n18. I am surprised that the correlation between adolescent zBMI at T1 and T2 isn't higher. Do the authors have any hypotheses as to why this may have occurred?\n* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **No**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare I have no competing interests.**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **Yes**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **Yes**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **Yes**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-07-10T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2020-06-08T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-05-18T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-05-17T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-05-17T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"","date":"2020-05-14T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"7bec3f23-7452-47a5-b73b-7724ca5c09af","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 6th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":106165,"name":"Health Economics \u0026 Outcomes Research"},{"id":106166,"name":"Infectious Diseases"},{"id":106167,"name":"Health Policy"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-08-18T19:20:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-30158","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10721-z","journal":{"identity":"bmc-public-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Public Health"},"publishedOn":"2021-04-07 19:05:07","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 7th, 2021"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-01-06 20:23:41","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12889-021-10721-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10721-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-30158","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-30158","identity":"rs-30158","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"wLkW0s4AflPzk-lpfg-fK","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}