High efficiency sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A: a synergistic dual-frequency ultrasound approach

High efficiency sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A: a synergistic dual-frequency ultrasound approach | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article High efficiency sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A: a synergistic dual-frequency ultrasound approach Mark Symes, Shaun Fletcher, Lukman Yusuf, Zeliha Ertekin This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4631055/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The persistence of bisphenol A in the environment poses significant ecological hazards. Traditional treatment methods often fall short in removing micropollutants such as bisphenol A from wastewater. The use of ultrasound in water treatment has the potential to induce powerful oxidative degradation of micropollutants while dispensing with the need for chemical intervention. Herein, we show a novel approach for the sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A using dual frequency ultrasound. The synergistic effects of using two distinct ultrasonic frequencies (20 kHz, with the addition of either 37 kHz or 80 kHz) were investigated in the context of bisphenol A removal and mineralisation. The method was shown to substantially increase the rate of degradation compared to single frequency treatment, achieving a 94.2% removal of bisphenol A under optimised conditions. The extent of mineralisation of the target pollutant and the absence of the need for chemical additives demonstrates the effectiveness of the method as a green alternative for water treatment. Physical sciences/Chemistry/Physical chemistry Physical sciences/Engineering/Chemical engineering bisphenol A pollutant degradation acoustic cavitation wastewater treatment Full Text Additional Declarations (Not answered) Supplementary Files BPASIFinal.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4631055","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":331193730,"identity":"0d2be6c3-fbff-4242-9113-7dd0815e006e","order_by":0,"name":"Mark Symes","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABDklEQVRIie2RMUvDQBTHXzi4qZI1xc8gnBSCUmk/iMsLhWTxdgcJASEuxazp5Fdw6mrggVMk64FLpRAcDwQpGMQLIrhcrZvg/Yb/g8f9eHfvAByOvwn7qhWsvrXFDgpHwF8qA7GbcnD1sBbQ0anv1y/PeJFOigA9vQEa2ZSwTkbo5SQXpVwe4T3NFiWy4RwotCpVzCovI3mr9pYCeTUTjwj7AHRiVZrWbKojedfUrcD3tFfY21ZFxQyBmylwxlZRziZG4f0U+8VUy0SUJ7JUcQjRNeHw5ik/novE/vwmZoHuxrIoaK31azr1B0Rqcz4+zGxOD8JlX3hgIsrAy7Z/5CdpH0ybmP541uFwOP4dH01AXIe30y04AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-5240","institution":"University of Glasgow","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mark","middleName":"","lastName":"Symes","suffix":""},{"id":331193731,"identity":"86c459b3-13d4-4656-b8cb-d6975505d11a","order_by":1,"name":"Shaun Fletcher","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Glasgow","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shaun","middleName":"","lastName":"Fletcher","suffix":""},{"id":331193732,"identity":"11c95f52-a143-4a5a-afa0-3aac8a84653d","order_by":2,"name":"Lukman Yusuf","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Glasgow","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lukman","middleName":"","lastName":"Yusuf","suffix":""},{"id":331193733,"identity":"b4c87d64-776b-46f6-891b-dfcd182b2d76","order_by":3,"name":"Zeliha Ertekin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Glasgow","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zeliha","middleName":"","lastName":"Ertekin","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-24 15:00:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4631055/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4631055/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66283145,"identity":"c8bb2a97-fa4f-4776-b13a-04c51dfbd44c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-09 15:54:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":689557,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BPAManuscriptFINAL.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4631055/v1_covered_35ab6186-0e99-43b4-9942-f330f6d4e666.pdf"},{"id":62880239,"identity":"952076cd-1f75-46ca-ae8a-71fb26a6424d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-20 14:38:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1101899,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"BPASIFinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4631055/v1/6b2a69ea3ba3b513aaca6368.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"(Not answered)","formattedTitle":"High efficiency sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A: a synergistic dual-frequency ultrasound approach","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"bisphenol A, pollutant degradation, acoustic cavitation, wastewater treatment","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4631055/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4631055/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe persistence of bisphenol A in the environment poses significant ecological hazards. Traditional treatment methods often fall short in removing micropollutants such as bisphenol A from wastewater. The use of ultrasound in water treatment has the potential to induce powerful oxidative degradation of micropollutants while dispensing with the need for chemical intervention. Herein, we show a novel approach for the sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A using dual frequency ultrasound. The synergistic effects of using two distinct ultrasonic frequencies (20 kHz, with the addition of either 37 kHz or 80 kHz) were investigated in the context of bisphenol A removal and mineralisation. The method was shown to substantially increase the rate of degradation compared to single frequency treatment, achieving a 94.2% removal of bisphenol A under optimised conditions. The extent of mineralisation of the target pollutant and the absence of the need for chemical additives demonstrates the effectiveness of the method as a green alternative for water treatment.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"High efficiency sonochemical degradation of bisphenol A: a synergistic dual-frequency ultrasound approach","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-20 14:38:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4631055/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f078ad5b-526c-4852-a126-8c96c8e15fe4","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 20th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":35063864,"name":"Physical sciences/Chemistry/Physical chemistry"},{"id":35063865,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering/Chemical engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-10-09T15:46:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-20 14:38:53","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4631055","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4631055","identity":"rs-4631055","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}